基于鬼像和像差分析的高功率激光装置透镜设计

为了设计能够满足高功率固体激光装置需求的空间滤波器透镜,采用矩阵光学方法,分析光束经过单透镜传输时剩余反射形成各阶鬼像的过程,得到鬼像位置与透镜曲率半径的关系式.该关系式表明,透镜的曲率半径设计可以控制鬼像所在的区域.根据高功率激光装置光路排布的特点简化鬼像分析,利用自行开发的鬼像追迹软件分析了主放大级鬼像分布特点.通过改变透镜的曲率半径和倾斜透镜这两种方式,基于鬼像规避和像差最小化两种原则,最终确定主放大级透镜曲率半径的最优选择为1:3弯月型,凸面朗向光学元件集中的方向.该方法可普遍应用于指导高通量复杂光学系统的透镜设计.     

二极管面阵侧泵浦Nd:YAG双板条激光器

 叙述了二极管面阵侧泵浦双板条耦合单横模 Q 开关激光器的研制。泵浦源为二极管面阵激光器,使用梯形波导板耦合系统,耦合效率达90%,谐振腔为凸凹腔,全反射镜的曲率半径为 3.0m的凹面镜,输出镜为曲率半径3.0m的可变反射率超高斯镜。激光器在 100Hz 重复频率下,输出单脉冲能量18.23mJ,脉宽为15.25ns,光束质量M²<1.5具有平顶分布的超高斯光束。     

部分空间相干光束在非Kolmogorov湍流大气中的有效曲率半径

激光在湍流大气中的传输有重要的理论研究和实际应用意义.以高斯-谢尔模型(GSM)光束作为部分空间相干光的典型例,基于非Kolmogorov谱和广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理, 推导出GSM光束在非Kolmogorov湍流中的有效曲率半径的解析表达式. 重点研究了湍流参数(包括广义指数α,内尺度l₀,和外尺度L₀) 和传输距离z分别对GSM光束有效曲率半径的影响.结果表明, 有效曲率半径R_x(z)随α和z增加先减小然后再增大, 随L₀的减小而增大(3.6<α< 4),随l₀的增加而增大.并对结果做了物理解释.     

二极管面阵侧泵浦Nd:YAG双板条激光器

叙述了二极管面阵侧泵浦双板条耦合单模模Ｑ开关激光器的研制。泵浦源为二极管面阵激光器,使用梯形波导板耦合系统,耦合效率达９０％,谐振腔为凸凹腔,全反射镜、的曲率半径为３．０ｍ的四面镜,输出镜为曲率半径３．０ｍ的可变反射率超高斯镜。激光器在１００Ｈｚ重复频率下,输出单脉冲能量１８．２３ｍＪ,脉宽为１５．２５ｕｓ,光束质量Ｍ２＜１．５具有平顶分布的超高斯光束。     

Ballistic focusing of polyenergetic protons driven by petawatt laser pulses

By using a thick (250 μm) target with 350 μm radius of curvature, the intense proton beam driven by a petawatt laser is focused at a distance of ～1 mm from the target for all detectable energies up to ～25 MeV. The thickness of the foil facilitates beam focusing as it suppresses the dynamic evolution of the beam divergence caused by peaked electron flux distribution at the target rear side. In addition, reduction in inherent beam divergence due to the target thickness relaxes the curvature requirement for short-range focusing. Energy resolved mapping of the proton beam trajectories from mesh radiographs infers the focusing and the data agree with a simple geometrical modeling based on ballistic beam propagation.     

输出环状光束的新型激光谐振腔

提出一种输出环状光束的新型激光谐振腔,即在稳定激光谐振腔中采用外环耦合方式得到环状光束的输出。利用For-Li数值迭代算法求解此类激光谐振腔的积分方程,通过计算机编程计算了平面一凹球面稳定谐振腔的输出端平面镜在不同半径的情况下,谐振腔镜面上和衍射耦合输出场基模的振幅和相位分布。计算结果预示了当输出端平面镜半径小于通常的稳定腔的基模半径时,衍射耦合输出场有稳定的环状光束输出。实验中TEA CO2激光器采用印刷电路板预电离结构,增益长度90cm,腔长5m,球面全反射镜曲率半径20m,输出端平面镜半径4．5mm,得到了内环半径为4．5mm、外环半径为5．5mm的基模环形光斑输出。从而在理论上和实验上证实了该方案产生环状光束的可行性。     

Radius of curvature variations for annular, dark hollow and flat topped beams in turbulence

For propagation in turbulent atmosphere, the radius of curvature variations for annular, dark hollow and flat topped beams are examined under a single formulation. Our results show that for collimated beams, when examined against propagation length, the dark hollow, flat topped and annular Gaussian beams behave nearly the same as the Gaussian beam, but have larger radius of curvature values. Increased partial coherence and turbulence levels tend to lower the radius of curvature. Bigger source sizes on the other hand give rise to larger radius of curvature. Dark hollow and flat topped beams have reduced radius of curvature at longer wavelengths, whereas the annular Gaussian beam seems to be unaffected by wavelength changes; the radius of curvature of the Gaussian beam meanwhile rises with increasing wavelength.     

圆锥透镜对偏轴球面波光束的衍射模式

球面波入射圆锥透镜产生的出射光束中心光斑直径较小且焦深长，适合通讯领域长距离测量和准直。针对实际操作中球面波光束入射时很可能与圆锥透镜的中心轴线发生偏移或倾斜，使衍射光场发生变化，着重研究圆锥透镜对偏轴球面波光束的衍射模式，并通过衍射理论和稳相法分析，研究其径向衍射光场的分布特性。使用半径为15mm，底角为1°的圆锥透镜进行计算机仿真和实验，最后将实验结果与理论分析和仿真结果相比较，证明球面波的曲率半径和出射光束的传输距离越小，偏轴对衍射模式的影响越小。该研究结果表明：在激光通讯等长距离通信中，使用曲率半径小的球面波光束代替平面波入射圆锥透镜，不仅可以扩展焦深，还可以降低偏轴对测量的影响。     

横向可分原子激光的传输

本文在含时量子系统传播子的ABCD形式理论的基础上．进一步讨论原子激光这种品质因子不守恒系统的传输。利用准连续的原子激光在传输过程中所满足薛定谔方程．并引入某一方向的束宽、发散角、曲率半径和品质因子等光束传输参量来表征横向势能满足x和y分量相互独立的原子激光的传输。如果某一方向上品质因子也守恒,就可以通过解析不同过程品质因子守恒的充要方程,找到原子激光在各过程中ABCD形式的传播子。本文讨论原子激光在从玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)中穿出过程。在磁化捕获器打开情况下的传输,以及在自由空间的传输这三个满足横向势能可分且各横向品质因子守恒条件的过程中ABCD形式的传播子。本文还将所运用的方法和所得结果与Yann等人的方法和结果进行了比较。     

大气湍流和热晕效应对列阵合成激光传输特性和光束质量影响的理论研究进展

介绍了大气湍流效应和热晕效应对列阵合成激光传输特性和光束质量影响的理论研究进展。主要介绍了合成激光在大气中传输的解析和数值模拟研究方法,大气湍流效应对列阵合成光束的光强分布、远场发散角、方向性、曲率半径和湍流距离的影响,以及大气热晕效应对列阵合成光束的光强分布、传输效率、重心偏移、热晕时间尺度和焦移的影响。研究结果表明,大气湍流效应和热晕效应对合成激光光束质量的影响与光束合成方式、合成光束参数以及大气参数密切相关。     

Effect of chromatic aberration on Gaussian beams: non-dispersive laser resonators

The propagation of a non-monochromatic (polychromatic) TEM₀₀ Gaussian beam in vacuum, its passage through a thin plate and its transformation by a thin lens are studied in the case of a non-dispersive laser resonator. The basic assumptions of the model are as follows: optical fields are stationary and plane-polarized, the paraxial wave equation is valid, an equivalent non-dispersive hemiconfocal resonator represents the lasing medium and its stable resonator, the laser emits in a single mode. It is also assumed that the plate and the lens have large transverse dimensions. Mathematical expressions, for beam radius, divergence, radius of curvature and beam parameter product, are obtained. A beam quality factor for polychromatic Gaussian beams is defined and its value calculated in each case of interest. It is proposed to simulate a dispersive laser resonator by a non-dispersive resonator complemented with a plate and/or a thin lens.     

Propagation of optical beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

The propagation of arbitrary laser beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media is investigated based on the ABCD matrix. The second-order moment beam width and the mean curvature radius are derived under the off-waist incident condition.     

角量控制的激光天线设计

在多环检测系统理论的基础[4,5]上,通过对激光天线单镜和双反射镜的高斯光束的传播规律和双镜距控制光斑稳定不变的实验数据[1,2],来进行激光天线的设计。设计采用了高斯光束控制入射光束的光腰位置,对天线副镜和主镜的入射角、反射角和天线发散角的控制方法,设计了天线的副镜和主镜的曲率半径、焦距和直径,达到了光斑保持的目的。计算公式简单,使用方便,计算公式和实验测定的数据误差在工程设计要求的范围以内,适合工程设计的需要。     

Mid-infrared radiation transmission through fluoride glass multimode optical fibers

Measurement of the transmission laser radiation from Q-switched and free-running Er:YAG lasers operating at 2.94 μm through fluoride glass multimode optical fibers of 448, 465 and 620 μm core diameter were performed. Attenuation measurements were obtained as a function of the laser energy input, of the bending angle and of the radius of curvature. The fibers exhibited low attenuation under straight and bent conditions. The output beam quality was also studied using the appropriate beam profiler. The output beam profiles showed a central multi-spiked energy distribution.     

An effect of curvature of rotating diffuse objects on the dynamics of speckles produced in the diffraction field

The time correlation function is analyzed of the speckel intensity fluctuation produced in the Fresnel diffraction field from a rotating diffuse object under illumination of a Gaussian laser beam. The dependence of the curvature radius of the rotating diffuse object on the time correlation length of the speckle intensity fluctuation is especially explored by taking into account the size of the detecting aperture. The theoretical results are confirmed experimentally for detecting apertures with various sizes. It is shown that a detecting aperture with an appropriate size is required. It becomes useful for determining the radius of curvature of the rotating diffuse object from measurements of the time correlation length of the speckle intensity fluctuation.     

连续波氧碘化学激光器的实验研究

通过实验,得到连续波氧碘化学激光器在氯气流量为50mmol/s时,输出功率达1kW。并测量了光束发散角,考查了光束发散角与功率及腔镜曲率半径的关系。     

二极管激光侧泵浦单横模100Hz电光调Q激光器

介绍了二极管激光侧泵浦单横模１００Ｈｚ电光调Ｑ激光器的实验结果。泵浦源为一个线阵准连续１００Ｗ二极管激光器，激光工作介质为ＮｄＹＡＧ薄梯形板条，板条与泵浦源间用柱透镜耦合，ＫＤ＊Ｐ电光晶体调Ｑ。在１００Ｈｚ重复频率下，获得单脉冲能量２．３７ｍＪ，脉宽小于７ｎｓ，光束质量因子Ｍ２＝１．１的１．０６μｍ激光，光－光效率为８．５％，斜效率为１８．７％。     

同步辐射压弯准直镜姿态的检测--大曲率半径小口径光斑的波前检测

提出了利用微小楔角剪切干涉仪测量同步辐射压弯准直镜姿态的方法。利用透镜和针孔产生与同步辐射发散度相同的激光束。通过剪切干涉仪．测量经压弯准直镜输出激光束的平行度,可将准直镜的位置、俯仰角度和镜面曲率皆调整到最佳。该剪切干涉仪结构简单,可根据条纹图样判断光束的平行度,每一幅干涉条纹图样与准直镜的一种姿态对应,因而这种方法能确定准直镜表面各点反射X射线的整体效果。该方法适用于测量波前曲率半径大竖直口径小的光束,不但精度高．而且具有实用价值。     

用于直接驱动的快速变焦新方案

在直接驱动方式的惯性约束聚变装置中, 实现中心点火对靶丸的辐照均匀性要求极高. 然而, 在激光脉冲持续时间内, 由于激光与靶丸的相互作用致使靶丸逐渐缩小, 从而导致辐照均匀性降低以及交叉光束能量转移等不利因素增强, 进而影响点火的进展. 为此, 提出了用于直接驱动的快速变焦新方案, 即利用特殊设计的电光晶体及电极结构, 对激光束附加一个实时、快速变化的球面波前, 以控制打靶激光束的聚焦位置和焦斑大小, 从而达到提高靶面辐照均匀性和抑制交叉光束能量转移的目的. 通过建立快速变焦的理论模型, 并基于激光与靶丸相互作用物理过程的分析, 对焦斑尺寸、附加球面波曲率半径等参数随时间的变化规律进行了数值模拟和分析. 结果表明, 本文提出的快速变焦方案可有效地实现对焦斑与靶丸半径比的实时控制, 且对空间滤波器滤波效果及三倍频转换效率并无明显影响.     

矩形分布高斯-谢尔模型列阵光束的等效曲率半径

 推导出矩形分布高斯-谢尔模型（GSM）列阵光束通过湍流大气传输的等效曲率半径的解析表达式。研究表明,等效曲率半径由湍流强度、GSM列阵光束参数及光束的叠加方式等因素共同确定。湍流使得等效曲率半径减小,但湍流对交叉谱密度函数叠加时等效曲率半径的影响要比光强叠加时大。在自由空间中,交叉谱密度函数叠加时GSM列阵光束的等效曲率半径要比光强叠加时的大。但是,随着湍流的增强,交叉谱密度函数叠加时GSM列阵光束的等效曲率半径可以大于、等于或小于光强叠加时的等效曲率半径。此外,若光束相干参数和子光束数目越大,则等效曲率半径受湍流的影响越大。GSM列阵光束的等效曲率半径受湍流的影响比高斯列阵光束要小。