Hyperfine Paschen-Back regime realized in Rb nanocell

A simple and efficient scheme based on a one-dimensional nanometric-thin cell filled with Rb and strong permanent ring magnets allows direct observation of the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime on the D(1) line in the 0.5-0.7 T magnetic field. Experimental results are perfectly consistent with the theory. In particular, with σ(+) laser excitation, the slopes of the B-field dependence of frequency shifts for all 10 individual transitions of (85,87)Rb are the same and equal to 18.6 MHz/mT. Possible applications for magnetometry with submicron spatial resolution and tunable atomic frequency references are discussed.     

Dipole excitation of the positronium molecule ps2

The energy interval between the ground and the P-wave excited states of the recently discovered positronium molecule Ps2 is evaluated, including the relativistic and the leading logarithmic radiative corrections, E_{P}-E_{S}=0.181 586 7(8) a.u.. The P state, decaying usually via annihilation, is found to decay into the ground state by an electric dipole transition 19% of the time. Anticipated observation of this transition will provide insight into this exotic system.     

Splitting of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance on 85Rb atoms in strong magnetic fields up to the Paschen-Back regime

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in strong magnetic fields of up to 1.7 kG has been investigated with the use of a 30-??m cell filled with an atomic rubidium vapor and neon as a buffer gas. The EIT resonance in the ?? system of the D₁ line of ⁸⁵Rb atoms has been formed with the use of two narrowband (??1 MHz) 795-nm diode lasers. The EIT resonance in a longitudinal magnetic field is split into five components. It has been demonstrated that the frequencies of the five EIT components are either blue- or red-shifted with an increase in the magnetic field, depending on the frequency ??_P of the probe laser. In has been shown that in both cases the ⁸⁵Rb atoms enter the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime in magnetic fields of >1 kG. The hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is manifested by the frequency slopes of all five EIT components asymptotically approaching the same fixed value. The experiment agrees well with the theory.     

Paschen-Back effect in dyonium

A formulation of the Pashen-Back effect in dyonium is discussed to explain the recent evidence for a magnetic monopole of mass 2397 MeV and Dirac chargeg=(137/2)e. The masses for isospinI=0 mesons are estimated and compared with experiment.     

Phase-dependent excitation and ionization in the multiphoton ionization regime

We theoretically study the dependence of atomic excitation and ionization on the carrier envelope phase of few-cycle laser pulses in the multiphoton ionization regime. Our theoretical results for the hydrogen atom based on the solution of the 3D time-dependent Schr?dinger equation show that the strong phase dependence can be seen in not only total ionization, but also bound-state population under the weak laser intensity regime.     

Efficient Rydberg positronium laser excitation for antihydrogen production in a magnetic field

Antihydrogen production by charge exchange reaction between positronium (Ps) and antiprotons requires an efficient excitation of Ps atoms up to high-n levels (Rydberg levels). We propose a two-step laser light excitation, the first from ground to n?=?3 and the second from this level to a Rydberg level n?>?15. In this study it is assumed that a Ps cloud is produced by positrons hitting a target converter located in a Penning-Malmberg trap within a uniform ~ 1 T magnetic field. We model the optical transition structure by taking into account Doppler and motional Stark effects. The predicted efficiency for population deposition in high n states is of ~30%.     

The positronium atom as a benchmark for Rydberg excitation experiments in atomic physics

Positronium is a hydrogen-like pure leptonic atom that has gained great attention in basic physics for its role in antimatter studies, in quantum electrodynamics tests and in material science. Positronium spectroscopy is also an interesting research field, especially in the again unexplored region of Rydberg states, where motional effects turns out of overwhelming importance in determining the level structure, at variance with the usual Rydberg atomic spectroscopy. In this paper we present a simple theory of optical excitation of positronium high-n levels in strong magnetic fields, and determine the conditions for obtaining saturation of the transitions. It is shown that positronium atom can be an atomic physics benchmark for laser excitation experiments on Rydberg states in magnetic environments.     

Hard soliton excitation regime: Stability investigation

The problem of the stability of one-dimensional solitons in the hard regime of soliton excitation, where the matrix element of the four-wave interaction has an additional smallness, is studied. It is that shown for optical solitons striction can weaken the Kerr nonlinearity. It is shown that solitons with a finite amplitude discontinuity at the critical soliton velocity, equal to the minimum phase velocity of linear waves, are unstable while solitons with a soft transition remain stable with respect to one-dimensional perurbations. Two-and three-dimensional solitons near threshold are unstable with respect to modulation perturbations. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 116, 299–317 (July 1999)     

Evidence for coherent collective Rydberg excitation in the strong blockade regime

We report on strong van der Waals blockade in two-photon Rydberg excitation of ultracold magnetically trapped 87Rb atoms. The excitation dynamics was investigated for a large range of densities and laser intensities and shows a full saturation and a strong suppression with respect to single-atom behavior. The observed scaling of the initial increase with density and laser intensity provides evidence for coherent collective excitation. This coherent collective behavior, that was observed for up to several thousand atoms per blockade volume, is generic for all mesoscopic systems which are able to carry only one single quantum of excitation.     

Unstable regime of the excitation of kinetic striations in a gas-discharge plasma

Chaotic striations in a low-pressure discharge in the regime corresponding to an unstable periodic orbit singled out of a chaotic attractor are stabilized. A specific feature of the wave process in question is the change in the type of some striations in the course of their motion in the positive column.     

Probing the excitation spectrum of a fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover regime

We measure excitation spectra of an ultracold gas of fermionic (40)K atoms in the BCS-Bose-Einstein-condensation (BEC) crossover regime. The measurements are performed with a novel spectroscopy that employs a small modulation of the B field close to a Feshbach resonance to give rise to a modulation of the interaction strength. With this method we observe both a collective excitation as well as the dissociation of fermionic atom pairs in the strongly interacting regime. The excitation spectra reveal the binding energy or excitation gap for pairs in the crossover region.     

SS433 and hydrogen spectrum beyond the Paschen-Back region

We examine the hydrogen spectrum in intense magnetic fields beyond the Paschen-Back region. Unlike in the Zeeman and Paschen-Back regions, the perturbations from the normal hydrogen spectrum increase as the magnetic fielddecreases!     

Decay of the positronium molecule into a positronium atom and photons

Decays of the positronium molecule Ps₂ into para- or orthopositronium Ps in the ground state and photons are investigated. The differential probabilities of the decays are determined. The total probabilitiesw _2γ ^(Ps2) andw _3γ ^(Ps2) of Ps₂ annihilation with the production of two and three photons and positronium are calculated to be $$w_{2\gamma }^{(P_{S_2 } )} = 1.6 \cdot 10^{10} \sec ^{ - 1} ,w_{3\gamma }^{(P_{S_2 } )} = 0.43 \cdot 10^8 \sec ^{ - 1} $$ . The curve of the angular correlation of the γ rays on the decay of Ps₂ into two photons and parapositronium is studied. The width of this curve is Δ¦P¦=0.128 a.u. (¦P¦ is the total photon momentum), which corresponds to a deviation of the emission angle of the γ rays from π: θ ? 0.934 mrad. The maximum in the distribution of the photons with respect to the momenta ¦P¦ in the center of mass of the annihilating pair is attained at ¦P¦=0.175 a.u. The calculations were made on an M-222 computer, and their accuracy is determined by the choice of the wave function of the positronium molecule and the accuracy in the computer calculation of the integrals.     

The hard excitation regime for a relativistic backward-wave oscillator

We study theoretically the processes which take place in a relativistic backward-wave oscillator (BWO) in the parameter region corresponding to hard excitation of oscillations. The onset of both stationary oscillations near the boundary of the hard excitation regime and hard nonstationary oscillations realizing the self-modulation regimes of BWO operation are analyzed along with the dynamics of a BWO-based amplifier. In particular, it is shown that hard excitation of self-oscillation can restrict significantly the output characteristics of a relativistic BWO operated in the regenerative-amplification regime. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 675–681, August 2008.     

A phenomenological model for the luminescence of hot electrons in the high excitation density regime

The departure from a Maxwellian behavior observed in the high energy part of the luminescence spectrum of a hot electron gas in a direct gap polar semiconductor in a regime of high density of excitation is shown to be a consequence of the out of equivalibrium steady state statistical distribution of carrier population in the conduction band. To do this we construct a phenomenological kinetic model of the time evolution of the distribution which incorporates the three important carrier collision mechanisms: recombination, electron-optical phonon and electron-electron. The model is non-linear due to the electron-electron terms. It has been solved numerically and in an approximate analytical way. This last method gives an explicit expression for the distribution function and the temperature of the hot electron gas in terms of the parameters of the system. Our calculations reproduce well the trends shown in the experimental data reported in the literature.     

Laser excitation and ionic motion in small clusters

We discuss the properties of small metal and hydrogen clusters under irradiation by intense lasers. We use a fully non adiabatic model of coupled electrons and ions, based on density functional theory. We demonstrate the quality of such an approach in comparison to experimental data on atomic and molecular properties as well as to the optical response of small sodium clusters. We next address the response of small clusters to various lasers allowing to scan a broad span of dynamical regimes from the linear to the non linear domain. We finally discuss the impact of ionic motion in the case of hydrogen clusters irradiated by short laser pulses in the 10 ¹³-10¹⁵ W cm^-2 intensity range.