蛋氨酸亚砜/蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶荧光检测研究进展

蛋白质蛋氨酸亚砜化是一种重要的氧化还原依赖的蛋白质翻译后修饰,不仅是氧化应激的重要标志物之一,也是一种蛋白质功能调控开关可影响活性氧信号转导,与一系列疾病尤其是神经退行性疾病的发生发展密切相关。 在许多生物体中,蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶是目前已经发现的唯一能将蛋白质蛋氨酸亚砜还原为蛋氨酸的物质,可以修复氧化损伤蛋白,恢复蛋白质功能,调控细胞氧还平衡,对相关疾病的治疗具有非常重要的意义。 本文重点介绍蛋氨酸亚砜和蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶的结构和催化机理,综述蛋氨酸亚砜和蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶荧光探针的部分研究进展,对该领域的研究前景进行展望。     

蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶及其在白内障发生发展中的作用

蛋氨酸(Met)是生物体内很容易被氧化的氨基酸之一,氧化应激条件下,生成S型和R型蛋氨酸亚砜(MetO), 晶状体蛋白中MetO的增加与晶状体老化和白内障形成相关。生物体内存在着两种不同的蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶(Msr),即MsrA和B,分别能特异性地作用于自由或结合在蛋白质中的S-MetO和R-MetO,将MetO修复为Met,从而避免了蛋白质结构和功能的改变。在哺乳动物中,MsrA以单基因形式存在,而MsrB有3种异构体,分别为MsrB1,MsrB2和MsrB3,其中MsrB1是一个硒蛋白,又被称为硒蛋白R(SelR)。本文介绍了Msrs的基因表达、分布和亚细胞定位,比较了MsrA和MsrBs蛋白结构和催化机制的异同,讨论了晶状体蛋白Met残基的氧化与白内障形成和发展的关系。现有的这些研究结果表明Msrs作为一类特异性的抗氧化还原酶,通过对MetO的修复,在抑制晶状体的损伤方面发挥重要作用。此外,MsrB1作为一个硒蛋白受机体硒水平的调节,因此,通过补硒保持晶状体适当的硒浓度以维持MsrB1的活性,对白内障的形成和发展可能具有一定的预防作用。     

硒蛋白R——一个独特的甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶

硒蛋白是一类以硒代半胱氨酸为活性中心的蛋白质,利用硒氢基的强还原性,硒蛋白在生物体内发挥重要的抗氧化功能。目前发现,人类基因组中有25种硒蛋白的编码基因,其中硒蛋白R是唯一一个含有硒代半胱氨酸的甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶,它位于细胞质及细胞核中,由于其空间结构和硒元素的强亲核性,硒蛋白R能特异性还原R型甲硫氨酸亚砜中被氧化的硫元素。硒蛋白R能够与肌动蛋白、瞬时电位通道蛋白及β-淀粉样蛋白等多种蛋白质相互作用,可能在中枢神经系统中具有重要的功能,并与神经退行性疾病的发生发展具有密切关系。     

明胶大分子的照相性质研究——Ⅰ.明胶中的蛋氨酸砜及亚砜的测定

应用氨基酸分析仪对十六种国外明胶(大部分为IAG明胶)的氨基酸含量进行了测定,其中重点进行了蛋氨酸及其氧化产物含量的测定。测试结果表明:明胶中蛋氨酸含量随不同样品变化较大,亚砜含量一般较少,所有照相胶都含有砜,绝大多数胶样含有亚砜。     

硒蛋白的分子生物学及与疾病的关系*

硒蛋白是微量元素硒在体内存在和发挥生物功能的主要形式。因硒蛋白的活性中心硒代半胱氨酸由传统终止码TGA编码,故从基因组中预测硒蛋白以及用基因工程技术表达硒蛋白均很困难。有关硒抗氧化、对癌症、神经退行性疾病和病毒作用的报导较多,但结论并不一致。本文综述了硒蛋白基因预测、蛋白质表达调控以及硒和硒蛋白对癌症、神经退行性疾病和病毒的作用及机制等方面的近期进展,研究提高硒蛋白生物信息学预测准确率和基因工程表达量的方法,分析了解硒蛋白与疾病发生发展的关系和机制,探索不同硒蛋白作为预防药物开发、作为癌症治疗和药物筛选靶标的可能性。     

硒蛋白S的结构、功能及与疾病的关系

硒是一种人体必需的微量营养元素,其主要生物功能是通过硒蛋白实现。硒蛋白S （SELENOS）是一种主要存在于内质网膜的硒蛋白,参与了内质网相关蛋白降解过程。SELENOS主要是通过胞质中的卷曲螺旋结构域和C-端含硒代半胱氨酸残基的无规结构区发挥生物功能的。大量体外研究结果显示,SELENOS有调节氧化应激、内质网应激、炎症等功能,进而可能影响心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、阿尔茨海默症等疾病的发生发展。此外,流行病学观察研究发现SELENOS基因的多种单核苷酸多态性与心血管疾病、癌症等疾病密切相关。本文综述了SELENOS结构、功能及与疾病的关系,总结了SELENOS研究中尚待解决的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

气相色谱串联四极杆质谱法对富硒包菜汁中硒甲基硒半胱氨酸与硒蛋氨酸的测定

建立了一种快速分析富硒包菜汁中硒甲基硒半胱氨酸和硒蛋氨酸含量的方法。以氯甲酸乙酯作衍生化试剂,利用串联质谱技术在多离子监测模式下对衍生物进行GC-MS/MS测定。方法的线性范围为0.01～25 mg/L,线性相关系数r≥0.9988;方法检出限分别为硒甲基硒半胱氨酸（met-Se-cys）4μg/L、硒蛋氨酸（Se-met）2μg/L;met-Se-cys的方法回收率为82%～97%,RSD小于6.3%,Se-met的方法回收率为100%～109%,RSD小于7.5%。结果表明该方法简单、快速、准确,并能有效排除基质的干扰,适合于食品中硒甲基硒半胱氨酸和硒蛋氨酸的定性定量分析。     

第二代抗癌药物卡铂与L-硒代蛋氨酸和L-蛋氨酸的相互作用研究

硒作为一种生命体所必须的微量营养元素，近年来由于其在防癌犤１，２犦和抗氧化，增强免疫力等方面的作用而越来越受到广泛的关注。其中L－硒代蛋氨酸（L－Se－MetH）作为一种有效的防癌剂正处在临床试验阶段犤２犦。对于硒代蛋氨酸在抑制癌细胞生长和在体内的抗氧化作用的机理已有很多报导犤３～５犦，但作为生物体的主要含硒氨基酸之一，与L－蛋氨酸（L－MetH）相比，它与金属离子的作用却少见报导犤６，７犦。本文利用电喷雾质谱（ESMS）和２D犤１H－１５N犦HSQCNMR的手段研究了第二代铂类抗癌药物卡铂（犤Pt（NH３）２（CB…     

硒代蛋氨酸与铜离子的相互作用(英文)

采用循环伏安法和库仑法研究了硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)与铜离子的相互作用.当SeMet不存在时,铜离子在-132和71mV有一对氧化还原峰(峰Ⅴ,Ⅵ).当铜离子与SeMet共存时,配合物在14,128,271,-194mV有4个峰(峰Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ).扫描电位从600mV到-600mV时,Cu(Ⅱ)-(SeMet)2配合物在14mV时被还原为Cu(I)-SeMet配合物;Cu(Ⅰ)-SeMet配合物在-194mV被还原为Cu(0)和SeMet.由-600mV回扫时,还原产物被逐次氧化为Cu(Ⅰ)-SeMet配合物(128mV)和Cu(Ⅱ)-(SeMet)2配合物(271mV).同时发现Cu(Ⅰ)-SeMet配合物在电位-100mV至200mV间是稳定的,Cu(Ⅰ)的氧化还原过程被观察到.此外,采用毛细管电泳法测得二元Cu-SeMet配合物的稳定常数(K1和K2)分别为2.24×107和2.24×106.最后,推测Cu-SeMet配合物的结构为:在pH3.9时,铜离子通过Cu—Se和Cu—OCO键与SeMet发生配位作用;在生理条件时,铜离子通过Cu—N和Cu—OCO键与SeMet发生配位作用.     

Neuronal autophagy and neurodegenerative diseases

Autophagy is a dynamic cellular pathway involved in the turnover of proteins, protein complexes, and organelles through lysosomal degradation. The integrity of postmitotic neurons is heavily dependent on high basal autophagy compared to non-neuronal cells as misfolded proteins and damaged organelles cannot be diluted through cell division. Moreover, neurons contain the specialized structures for intercellular communication, such as axons, dendrites and synapses, which require the reciprocal transport of proteins, organelles and autophagosomes over significant distances from the soma. Defects in autophagy affect the intercellular communication and subsequently, contributing to neurodegeneration. The presence of abnormal autophagic activity is frequently observed in selective neuronal populations afflicted in common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These observations have provoked controversy regarding whether the increase in autophagosomes observed in the degenerating neurons play a protective role or instead contribute to pathogenic neuronal cell death. It is still unknown what factors may determine whether active autophagy is beneficial or pathogenic during neurodegeneration. In this review, we consider both the normal and pathophysiological roles of neuronal autophagy and its potential therapeutic implications for common neurodegenerative diseases.     

Stereospecific capillary electrophoresis assays using pentapeptide substrates for the study of Aspergillus nidulans methionine sulfoxide reductase A and mutant enzymes

Stereospecific capillary electrophoresis‐based methods for the analysis of methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)]‐containing pentapeptides were developed in order to investigate the reduction of Met(O)‐containing peptide substrates by recombinant Aspergillus nidulans methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) as well as enzymes carrying mutations in position Glu99 and Asp134. The separation of the diastereomers of the N‐acetylated, C‐terminally 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (Dnp)‐labeled pentapeptides ac‐Lys‐Phe‐Met(O)‐Lys‐Lys‐Dnp, ac‐Lys‐Asp‐Met(O)‐Asn‐Lys‐Dnp and ac‐Lys‐Asn‐Met(O)‐Asp‐Lys‐Dnp was achieved in 50 mM Tris‐HCl buffers containing sulfated β‐CD in fused‐silica capillaries, while the diastereomer separation of ac‐Lys‐Asp‐Met(O)‐Asp‐Lys‐Dnp was achieved by sulfated β‐CD‐mediated MEKC. The methods were validated with regard to range, linearity, accuracy, limits of detection and quantitation as well as precision. Subsequently, the substrates were incubated with wild‐type MsrA and three mutants in the presence of dithiothreitol as reductant. Wild‐type MsrA displayed the highest activity towards all substrates compared to the mutants. Substitution of Glu99 by Gln resulted in the mutant with the lowest activity towards all substrates except for ac‐Lys‐Asn‐Met(O)‐Asp‐Lys‐Dnp, while replacement Asn for Asp134 lead to a higher activity towards ac‐Lys‐Asp‐Met(O)‐Asn‐Lys‐Dnp compared with the Glu99 mutant. The mutant with Glu instead of Asp134 was the most active among the mutant enzymes. Molecular modeling indicated that the conserved Glu99 residue is buried in the Met‐S‐(O) groove, which might contribute to the correct placing of substrates and, consequently, to the catalytic activity of MsrA, while Asp134 did not form hydrogen bonds with the substrates but only within the enzyme.     

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new metal(II) complexes with methionine sulfoxide

Methionine sulfoxide complexes of iron(II) and copper(II) were synthesized and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Elemental and atomic absorption analyses fit the compositions K₂[Fe(metSO)₂]SO₄·H₂O and [Cu(metSO)₂]·H₂O. Electronic absorption spectra of the complexes are typical of octahedral geometries. Infrared spectroscopy suggests coordination of the ligand to the metal through the carboxylate and sulfoxide groups. An EPR spectrum of the Cu(II) complex indicates tetragonal distortion of its octahedral symmetry. ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer parameters are also consistent with octahedral stereochemistry for the iron(II) complex. The complexes are very soluble in water.     

人类乙酰胆碱酯酶（ACHE）与抑制剂小分子的对接研究

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）是一种中枢神经系统致死性神经原发性退行病变,是老年痴呆症中最常见的一种类型．乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂（AChEI）是目前治疗AD的主要药物．我们选择他克林、利伐斯的明、石杉碱甲、在研药物TV-3326、多奈哌齐和Anseculin,分别与AChE进行分子对接研究．结果表明：抑制剂与AChE结合能力的大小顺序为：他克林〈利伐斯的明〈石杉碱甲〈TV．3326〈多奈哌齐〈Anseculin,这与实验中测得ACHE1的IC50值反应活性大小一致．上述6类药物分子,Anseculin与AChE的相互作用能力最强．     

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological analysis of a new palladium(II) complex with methionine sulfoxide

A new palladium(II) complex with methionine sulfoxide was synthesized and characterized by a set of chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Elemental and mass spectrometry analyses of the solid complex fit to the composition [Pd(C5H10NO3S)2].H2O. 13C NMR, [1H-15N] NMR and infrared spectra indicate coordination of the amino acid to Pd(II) through the carboxylate and amino groups in a square planar geometry. The complex is soluble in water. Biological activity was evaluated by cytotoxic analysis using HeLa cells. Determination of cell death was assessed using a tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay, which reflects the cells viability. After incubation for 48 h, 20% of cell death was achieved at a concentration of 200 micromol L-1 of the complex.     

利用分子连接性指数关联CO2在吸收剂中的溶解度

初步研究了CO2在烃类、醇类、酯类、酮类、醚类等溶剂中的溶解度与分子结构的关系．结果表明：在研究范围内,碳链越长,溶剂吸收CO2的效果越好;在碳链相同或接近的情况下,羟基个数越多,吸收效果越差;羧基和醚（氧）键的个数越多,吸收效果越好．以分子连接性指数、取代基的个数、取代基的类型为参数,建立亨利常数定量模型,计算值和实验值吻合良好,线性相关系数R^2〉0．97．     

Biosensors for the Determination of Amyloid-Beta Peptides and their Aggregates with Application to Alzheimer's Disease

Amyloid-beta peptides are believed to be promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis is based on the determination of amyloid-beta monomers and aggregates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and mass spectrometry. These methods are reliable but are expensive, time-consuming, labor intensive, and relatively insensitive. Thus, new methods with low cost and high sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity are desirable for amyloid-beta peptide detection. In this review, recent progress in the development of biosensors for amyloid-beta peptides and their aggregates are summarized, including surface plasmon resonance, localized surface plasmon resonance, electrochemistry, resonance light scattering, and dot-blot immunoassays. The challenges and perspectives inherent in the determination of these peptides are also addressed.     

RDX基PBX的模型、结构、能量及其与感度关系的分子动力学研究

以RDX（环三亚甲基三硝胺）为基、PS（聚苯乙烯）为粘结剂构成PBX（高聚物粘结炸药）的MD（分子动力学）模拟初始模型.比较分别以1根46链节和2根23链节PS置于RDX（001）晶面上的两种（PBX1和PBX2）模型下的MD模拟结果,发现二者的结构、相互作用能和力学性能均很接近.取PBX2进行5种温度（195,245,295,345和395 K）下的NPT系综、MD模拟系统研究,发现随温度依次升高,各体系中RDX引发键N NO2键的最大键长（Lmax）递增,N–N键连的N与N之间的双原子作用能（EN-N）和内聚能密度（CED）递减,与感度随温度升高而增大的实验事实相一致.综合已有工作,对高能复合材料（如PBX和固体推进剂等）的感度理论研究,建议关注其中易爆燃组分在外界刺激下的结构和能量变化,其引发键Lmax和作为引发键强度度量的双原子作用能（如EN-N）,可作为热和撞击感度相对大小的理论判据.     

Absorption,desorption and interaction of SO2 with the binary system tetraethylene glycol + dimethyl sulfoxide

The gas-liquid equilibrium (GLE) data were determined for the mixture SO₂ + N₂ in the binary system of tetraethylene glycol (TeEG) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at T = 298.15–313.15 K and p = 123.15 kPa with the SO₂ partial pressures of 0.4–150 Pa. From GLE data, Henry’s law constants (HLCs) were obtained. When the SO₂ concentration in the gas phase was designed at y_SO2 = 500 ppmv, the SO₂ solubility in the binary system is located in a minimum of 9.36 mol m^?3 in TeEG and a maximum of 80.34 mol m^?3 in DMSO. The SO₂ absorption process was reversible from the five absorption–desorption cycles, and the solvents could repeat utilisation without obvious loss of absorption capacity and the homologous SO₂ desorption efficiency was nearby 98.7%. Furthermore, the spectral consequences illustrated that H-bonding was formed among TeEG, DMSO and SO₂.     

Synthesis and Asymmetric Enantioselective Addition of Chiral Polybinaphthyl and Polybinaphthol I.igands

Four chiral polymers P-1, P-2, P-3 and P-4 were synthesized by the polymerization of （S）-2,2＇-dioctoxy-1,1＇- binaphthyl-6,6＇-boronic acid （S-M-3） with （S）-6,6＇-dibromo-1,1＇-binaphthol （S-M-1）, （R）-6,6＇-dibromo-1,1＇- binaphthol （R-M-1）, （S）-3,3＇-diiodo-1,1＇-binaphthol （S-M-2） and （R）-3,3＇-diiodo-1,1＇-binaphthol （R-M-2） under Pd-catalyzed Suzuki reaction, respectively. All four polymers can show good solubility in some common solvents due to the nonplanarity of the polymers in the main chain backbone and flexible alkyl groups in the side chain. The analysis results indicate that specific rotation and circular dichroism （CD） spectral signals of the alternative S-S chiral polymers P-1 and P-3 are larger than those of S-R chiral polymers P-2 and P-4, but their UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra are almost similar. The results of asymmetric enantioselectivity of four polymers for diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde indicate that catalytically active center is （R） or （S）-1, 1＇-binaphthol moieties.