以酚醛树脂为碳源合成锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2 (PO4)3/C

以酚醛树脂为碳源,分别采用了固相法和溶胶凝胶法合成了锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C.结果表明,高分子材料酚醛树脂是一种优良的碳源材料,其热解后得到的导电网络能够有效的提高Li3V2(PO4)3的电化学性能;两种试样的充放电曲线和交流阻抗图谱体现出了试样良好的可逆性,其极化程度很低,电荷转移电阻小;而相对于固相法来讲,溶胶凝胶法和表面活性剂CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)的共同作用能够有效的将颗粒粒径控制在纳米级别.用这种方法合成的试样在15 C下充放电比容量也能高于90 mAh/g,5C倍率下循环50次比容量无衰减,证明了以酚醛树脂为碳源并采用溶胶凝胶法合成的试样具有很好的倍率性能与循环性能.     

新型复合正极材料5LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C的制备及电化学性能研究

用固相法制备了5LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4·Li3V2(PO4)3/C复合正极材料.采用XRD、SEM、TEM和电化学测试等对材料进行了表征.结果表明,复合材料由LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4和Li3V2(PO4)3两相组成,不含其它杂质.Li3V2(PO4)3的加入使得LiMn0.9Fe0.1PO4的电化学性能得到极大地提高.该复合材料在0.05 C和1C倍率下的放电比容量分别为162.8 mAh·g-1和129.6mAh·g-1,在1C倍率下循环50次后的容量保持率为90.1;.     

基于聚合反应制备的钛离子掺杂LiFePO4/C复合材料

首先基于聚合反应合成FePO4/PANI前驱体,再以为LiOH·H2O,FePO4/PANI 和 PVA原料制备了LiFePO4正极材料,此外再对其进行碳包覆以及Ti4+掺杂,三种试样分别标记为LiFePO4,LiFePO4/C及LiFe0.96Ti0.02PO4/C.通过XRD、EDS及充放电测试等手段表征了材料的微观结构与电化学性能.实验结果证明:试样的XRD图谱均与标准LiFePO4图谱一致,不存在无定形碳衍射峰.与未掺杂试样LiFePO4/C相比,LiFe0.96Ti0.02PO4/C的电子电导率与其相近,但离子扩散系数有所改善,Ti4+在晶格中均匀分布,因此与其他两试样相比,其电化学性能更好.试样在C/10、C/2、1C、3C及5C倍率下的放电比容量为158.7 mAh·g-1、153.3 mAh·g-1、147.6 mAh·g-1、136.4 mAh·g-1及123.5 mAh·g-1,具有良好的倍率性能与电位稳定性.     

溶胶-凝胶法合成3LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3及其电化学性能研究

以柠檬酸为络合剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂,偏钒酸铵、乙酸锰、磷酸二氢铵、氢氧化锂为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了xLiMnPO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3锂离子电池复合正极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征,结果表明在700℃下烧结15 h合成的3LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3为结晶良好的两相结构,颗粒粒径相对较小且分布均匀.电化学性能研究表明,3LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3在室温0.2C倍率下首次充放电容量分别为148.2 mAh/g和141.5 mAh/g,循环50次后放电容量为136.7 mAh/g.     

Co掺杂对富锂锰基正极材料Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2电化学性能的影响

本文以醋酸盐为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备富锂锰基固溶体正极材料Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2.研究Co掺杂后对Li1.2 Ni0.2-x/2Mn0.6-x/2 CoxO2(x=0,0.01,0.02,0.05)材料结构以及电化学性能的影响.XRD和SEM测试表明:Co掺杂后样品结构未发生改变,均属于富锂锰基正极材料.电化学测试表明:Co掺杂能改善材料的倍率性能,提高材料的放电比容量.其中,x=0.02的材料Li1.2Ni0.19Mn0.59Co0.02O2具有最优异的电化学性能,0.05 C下的首次放电比容量由未掺杂的的217 mAh·g-1提升至332.6 mAh·g-1;0.1 C下经40次循环后放电比容量为171.6 mAh·g-1,保持率为85.5;.     

碳源对锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2（PO4）3性能的影响

分别以柠檬酸、葡萄糖和蔗糖为碳源,采用球磨与碳热还原结合法制备了锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C。采用TG-DTA分析确定了合成过程的反应机理。通过XRD、SEM及恒电流充放电等测试研究了碳源对产物物理及电化学特性的影响。结果表明,碳源的选择对产物形貌和电化学性能影响较大。不同碳源制备的材料都具有单一相的Li3V2(PO4)3晶体结构,以柠檬酸为碳源制备的磷酸钒锂综合电化学性能较好,0.1 C和1 C条件下,首次放电容量分别为151.0 mAh·g-1和131.6 mAh.g-1,50次循环后容量保持率为95.0%和96.6%。     

新型锂离子电池复合负极材料3Li4Ti5O12·NiO的制备及性能研究

采用喷雾干燥法合成了3Li4Ti5O12·NiO复合负极材料.XRD结果表明,复合NiO没有改变Li4Ti5On的晶体结构.SEM结果表明,样品为直径0.5～3 μm的球形颗粒.电化学测试结果表明,3Li4Ti5O12·NiO较Li4Ti5O12倍率性能和循环性能得到极大地提高.该复合材料在0.1C、1C和20 C倍率下的放电比容量分别为372.8 mAh·g-1、252.6 mAh·g-1和204.8 mAh·g-1,在20C倍率下循环300次后的容量保持率为98.7;.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Li3V2 (PO4)3粉体的形貌控制研究

以LiOH·H2O,NH4VO3,H3PO4和柠檬酸为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用溶胶凝胶法实现了Li3V2(PO4)3粉体的制备.添加不同剂量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)探究其对Li3V2(PO4)3粉体物相形貌的控制作用,采用热分析、X射线衍射和场发射扫描电子显微镜对其晶型结构,形貌特征进行表征,从而研究Li3V2(PO4)3的合成温度及十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)加入量对粉体物相形貌的影响.结果表明,用溶胶凝胶法制备合成了单斜结构Li3V2(PO4)3粉体.SDBS的加入对样品的晶粒尺寸和表面形貌有一定的影响.     

pH值对新型溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO4/C结构和性能的影响

以价廉的FeCl2·4H2O为原料、采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiFePO4/C正极,考察了溶胶体系pH值对凝胶时间、正极材料结构、形貌和性能的影响.研究表明,不同pH值时胶粒表层吸附的电荷数量不同、造成排斥力大小不同,从而导致凝胶时间的差异.pH值为3时制备的LiFePO4/C试样颗粒细小、分布均匀、团聚现象不明显,晶粒尺寸为最小的39.6 nm;该试样在1C、5C时的放电容量分别为132.2 mAh/g、94.7 mAh/g,氧化还原反应峰电位差最低,具有良好的电化学性能.     

非化学计量掺杂的LiNaxV3O8水系锂离子电池负极材料

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出非化学计量Na+掺杂的LiNaxV3O8材料.XRD分析表明,材料主相为LiV3O8层状结构;非化学计量的Na+掺杂可有效增大LiV3O8层状结构的层间距d,从而降低Li+在材料内部的扩散阻力.SEM图像显示材料形貌均匀,呈厚度约100 nm的薄片状,有效减小了Li+在材料内的扩散路径.充放电测试表明掺杂量为5;的材料表现出最佳的充放电可逆性,其最大放电比容量经过活化后可达117.6 mAh/g,经50次循环后的放电比容量仍有67.6 mAh/g.     

Crystal and Molecular Structure of mer-Co(4-CH3C5H4N)3(N3)3

The crystal structure of mer-Co(4-CH₃C₅H₄N)₃(N₃)₃has been determined by single crystal X-ray methods at 300 K. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/c, a = 19.087(6), b = 16.769(4), c = 15.845(4) Å, β = 119.04(2)°, V = 4434(2) ų, M_r = 464.42. Z = 8, D_x = 1.391 Mgm⁻³, F(000) = 1920, λ (MoKα) = 0.71069 Å, μ = 0.802 mm⁻¹. The cobalt(III) ions are octahedrally coordinated to three azide groups and to three 4-methyl-pyridine molecules to form isolated coordination polyhedra.     

Crystal Structures of 6-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylchroman-4-one andtrans-6-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylchroman-4-ol

The crystal structures of (i) CH₃(C₉H₆O₂)SO₂C₆H₅ and (ii) CH₃(C₈H₈O₂)SO₂?C₆H₅ have been determined by X-ray diffraction. (i) crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c with unit cell parametersa=8.814(1)Å,b=10.310(1)Å,c=15.841(4)Å, β=98.17(1)^o, andZ=4, and (ii) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupP2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parametersa=6.206(1)Å,b=11.752(5)Å,c=19.865(3)Å, andZ=4. The pyran ring in both of them is in the distorted half-chair conformation with differeing degrees of distortion from the ideal.     

水热法生长非线性光学晶体K4Gd2(CO3)3F4

采用水热法,探索了 K4Gd2(CO3)3F4晶体的析晶条件,诸如生长原料及配比、生长温度、生长周期等,并成功生长了毫米级的透明单晶.对生长的晶体进行了XRD、UV-Vis-NIR、SHG等测试,结果表明,K4Gd2( CO3)3F4晶体在380～2000 nm波段的透过率超过80;,紫外吸收截止边低于200nm;其二阶非线性光学效应约为KDP的3.5倍.     

Crystal Structure of Zinc(II) Complexes with 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-thione and 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-selenone

Crystallography Reports - Zn(II) complexes with 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-thione, [Zn(ehpt)2], and 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-selenone, [Zn(ehps)2], were synthesized and characterized by...     

Dielectric Behaviour of the Nematic Phase of 4-n-Pentyloxyphenyl 4-(3-Bromo-4-n-nonyloxybenzoyloxy)-3-ethyl-benzoate (PBNEB)

Due to the high viscosity of 4-n-pentyloxyphenyl 4-(3-bromo-4-n-nonyloxybenzoyloxy)-3-ethyl-benzoate (PBNEB) the dielectric reorientation processes take place in the kHz and MHz range respectively. We observed two different relaxation ranges in the nematic phase from 10 Hz to 10 MHz if the measuring field is parallel to the director and one relaxation range for the perpendicular orientation. Dielectric measurements at 6.7 GHz demonstrate that at this frequency ϵ′∥ and ϵ′⊥ can be regarded as high-frequency limit. The experimental values are discussed from the point of view of the Meier-Maier theory.     

Crystal Structure of 3-(4-Methoxy-benzylidene)-isothiochroman-4-one

Abstract  

The title compound, 3-(4-methoxy-benzylidene)-isothiochroman-4-one (C₁₇H₁₄O₂S) was prepared from the reaction of isothiochroman-4-one with benzaldehyde in the presence of small amount of HCl. The structure of the synthesised compound was determined by IR, ¹H NMR and X-ray crystallography. The structure was solved in monoclinic, space group P2₁/n with a = 3.9773 (7) Å, b = 10.918 (2) Å, c = 30.609 (6) Å, β = 90.615 (3)°, V = 1329.1 (4) Å³, Z = 4 and with R _int = 0.047. The bicyclic ring of isothiochroman-4-one moiety does not adopt a planar geometry. The molecular conformation is stable via C10–H···O1 and C16–H···S1 intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. These contacts involve molecules in an extended two-dimensional sheet to the bc plane.     

Crystal Structure and Computational Study of 5-Ethyl-4-(4-Methoxyphenethyl)-4,5-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-One and 4-(4-Methoxyphenethyl)-5-Propyl-4,5-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-One

Crystallography Reports - Molecular structures of compounds 5-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, (C13H17N3O2) (I) and...     

The Electronic Structures of (PH4)3C60 and (ClO4)3C60

Abstract

We have studied theoretically the electronic structures of a hypothetical donor-type material, (PH₄)₃C₆₀, and a hypothetical acceptor-type material, (ClO₄)₃C₆₀ from first principles by using a full-potential linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals method based on the density-functional theory within the local-density approximation. It is found that the charge transfer from the PH₄ molecules to the C₆₀ molecules is perfect while the charge transfer from the ClO₄ molecules to the C₆₀ molecules is not perfect. We compare the latter result with the electronic structures of two typical acceptor-type organic conductors, (TMTSF)₂ClO₄ and (TMTSF)₂PF₆, and discuss the differences.     

Si3N4-TiC和Si3N4-TiN复相导电陶瓷的制备及电加工性能研究

以TiC和TiN粉为导电相,利用热压烧结制备了Si3N4-TiC和Si3N4-TiN复相导电陶瓷.比较了TiC和TiN对Si3N4陶瓷相组成、致密度、显微结构、力学性能、导电性能及电火花加工性能的影响.结果表明:高温下TiN与Si3N4具有良好稳定性,烧结后获得Si3N4-TiN复相导电陶瓷,然而高温下TiC却与Si3N4反应形成了TiC0.5N0.5和SiC,烧结后获得Si3 N4-TiC0.5N0.5-SiC复相导电陶瓷.虽然TiN和TiC的引入对Si3N4的硬度和断裂韧性的影响没有明显差别,然而TiC的引入可以更好的改善Si3N4的致密化、导电性能及电火花加工性能;与以TiN为导电相所制备的Si3N4基导电陶瓷相比,以TiC为导电相所制备的Si3N4基复相导电陶瓷电火花加工后表面的粗糙度值和材料去除率更低.