可见光光催化:缺电子杂环、苯环与芳基偶氮盐的直接芳基化偶联反应（英文）

发展了可见光照射下Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2催化缺电子杂环C—H活化与芳基偶氮盐的交叉偶联反应.在室温、可见光照射下,各种缺电子杂环与芳基偶氮盐发生高效的偶联反应,同时在相似的条件下,普通苯环也能有效地与芳基偶氮盐偶联形成新C—C键化合物.     

钯催化下杂芳基溴代物与偕二氟烯丙基硼试剂的交叉偶联反应

使用二叔丁基苯基膦预配位的氯化钯(P(t-Bu)₂Ph)₂·PdCl₂为催化剂,实现了钯催化下偕二氟烯丙基硼试剂与杂芳基溴代物的偶联反应.该方法不仅体系简单,反应效率高,区域选择性优秀,可以克量级制备产物,而且具有良好的官能团兼容性,适用于一系列不同类型的杂环底物,为合成偕二氟烯丙基杂芳烃化合物提供了一种高效方法.     

芳基乙烯基硅烷与芳基卤代物的Hiyama偶联反应（英文）

Hiyama偶联反应已经发展成为一种构筑C—C键的常用方法,尤其是在芳基-芳基和芳基-烯基偶联反应领域.Hiyama偶联反应通常需要使用R—SiF₃、R—Si(OMe)₃等活性高但稳定性差的有机硅试剂,发展基于稳定硅烷的Hiyama偶联反应是该领域重要的研究方向.报道了一类钯催化芳基乙烯基硅烷和芳基卤代物的交叉偶联反应,利用芳基乙烯基硅烷实现芳基化反应.反应具有较好的官能团兼容性,为制备二芳基类化合物提供了一种简便高效的途径.     

二茂铁基功能化的氮杂环卡宾银配合物的合成及催化活性

通过N-二茂铁基甲基-N-吡啶基甲基咪唑盐与氧化银在相转移催化条件下反应, 合成了4个二茂铁基功能化的氮杂环卡宾银配合物(NHC)₂AgX(X=PF₆或BF₄), 并利用NMR及X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征. 在这4个化合物中, 银为二配位结构, 吡啶氮原子并未参与配位. 催化活性测试结果表明, 合成的4个化合物具有高的催化炔、 醛和胺三组分偶联反应活性.     

新型富勒烯C60有机钴配合物(η2-C60)(η5-RC5H4)CoPPh3 (R=H,CO2Et)的合成及性质研究

鉴于富勒烯C₆₀所具有的缺电子烯烃的特性¹以及CpCo(PPh₃)₂可与烯或炔反应生成钴杂环有机化合物,^2,3 因此我们设想如果用C₆₀代替烯、炔,令其与η⁵-RC₅H₄Co(PPh₃)₂(1) 或η⁵-RC₅H₄Co(PPh₃)(PhC≡CPh)(2)反应,则应得到一类新型的富勒烯C₆₀有机钴杂环化合物。然而与这一设想不同的是,上述反应并未得到预期的C₆₀钴杂环有机物,所得到的却是另一类新型的有机钴C₆₀衍生物(η²-C₆₀)(η⁵-RC₅H₄)CoPPh₃(3).此外,我们发现当3或2同I₂反应时,可生成C₆₀或PhC≡CPh配体被I₂置换产物η⁵-RC₅H₄Co(PPh₃)I₂(4)。     

铑(Ⅰ)催化有机汞化合物偶联反应机理的研究

研究了β-氯化萘汞在[CIRh(CO)₂]₂催化下于六甲基磷酰胺溶液中的偶联反应动力学,证明其反应为二级,求得了偶联反应动力学常数.α-氯化萘汞和α-溴汞代苯乙酸乙酯在相同的反应条件下不发生偶联反应;在α一溴汞代苯乙酸乙酯的偶联反应条件下分离和鉴定了有机铑(I)中间体,根据所提出的反应机理,对上述现象进行了讨论.     

超薄Ni(OH)2纳米片修饰Zn0.5Cd0.5S纳米颗粒作为二维/零维异质结构光催化剂可见光下光催化制氢

设计与制备高效的光解水催化剂是解决能源问题和环境问题的策略之一.硫化镉因其可在可见光引发下分解水制氢而受到广泛关注,然而光腐蚀严重,过电势高,载流子复合快速以及表面反应动力学缓慢等缺点极大地限制了其在光解水反应中的实际应用.本文采用简单液相法将均匀的Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S纳米颗粒锚定在超薄Ni(OH)₂纳米薄片上,构建紧密的二维/零维异质结构.通过调控Ni(OH)₂纳米片的含量,制备出不同Ni(OH)₂质量比(3%,5%,7%,9%,11%)的二维/零维Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S复合材料,并考察其可见光激发的光催化分解水制氢性能.在可见光照射下,Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S复合材料的光催化性能要大幅度地优于未修饰的Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S纳米颗粒,甚至远高于贵金属Pt修饰的Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S.在不同Ni(OH)₂含量的纳米复合材料中,7%Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S具有最高效的产氢性能,产氢速率可达6.87 mmol·h^–1·g^–1,且在波长为420 nm的表观量子产率为16.8%.在同等条件下,二维/零维7%Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S复合光催化剂的光催化分解水产氢速率分别约为纯Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S纳米颗粒和Pt/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S光催化剂的43倍和8倍,甚至要高于零维/零维7%Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S纳米复合材料.7%Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S复合光催化剂具有优异的光催化产氢循环性能,通过循环反应后样品的X射线衍射,X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜等表征,结果表明Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S在经过20 h的使用后,其晶体结构、表面化学成分和形貌结构未发生明显改变.通过研究样品的时间分辨荧光光谱,线性扫描伏安响应,光电流性能及电化学交流阻抗等,发现二维Ni(OH)₂纳米片的修饰能一定程度降低Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S的过电势,还能有效促进Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S的光生电子-空穴的分离和光生电子的转移.本文认为二维/零维Ni(OH)₂/Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S光催化活性的大幅提升主要由于Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S与Ni(OH)₂之间独特且牢固的纳米结构,在该过程中超薄Ni(OH)₂纳米片不仅能为Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S纳米颗粒的负载提供平台,而且作为一种高效的助催化剂,促进光生电子的转移以及为制氢反应提供更多的活性位点.本文可为多功能,高效及低成本的二维-零维异质结构光催化剂的制备及在太阳能转化方面的应用提供一定借鉴.     

正离子Gemini表面活性剂/负离子聚电解质相互作用的研究

摘要 采用荧光探针法和电导法研究了正离子偶联表面活性剂(C₁₂H₂₅(CH₃)₂N-(CH₂)₆-N(CH₃)₂C₁₂H₂₅•2Br) (12-6-12• 2Br^－)和带相反电荷聚电解质聚丙烯酸钠(NaPA)的相互作用, 结果表明: 由于静电相互作用, 12-6-12•2Br^－和NaPA之间可以形成类胶束或复合物. 对比十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTMAB)与NaPA复配体系的荧光光谱, 发现偶联表面活性剂与NaPA的相互作用强于传统表面活性剂. 此外, 还研究了盐和醇对偶联表面活性剂/聚丙烯酸钠的复配体系微极性的影响, 发现盐和醇对表面活性剂在聚电解质上形成类胶束和复合物的溶解都有一定的促进作用.     

含羟基氮杂环卡宾的咪唑盐前体的合成及其原位产生的卡宾配体在Suzuki-Miyaura和Sonogashira反应中的应用

合成了四种含羟基官能团的四元杂环氮杂环卡宾前体咪唑盐,并用核磁共振、红外和单晶衍射等手段对化合物的结构进行了表征.这些咪唑盐前体与钯源PdCl_2(CH_3CN)_2组成的催化剂在碱(KOH)存在下可高效地催化SuzukiMiyaura偶联反应,该反应在叔丁醇/水(V∶V=1∶1)的混合溶剂中室温下即可进行,具有条件温和、收率高、绿色环保等优点.此外,PdCl_2(CH_3CN)_2/咪唑盐/CuI的混合催化剂体系即便在小装载量时对构建芳基炔类化合物的Sonogashira偶联反应也表现出良好的催化活性.其中,PdCl_2/咪唑盐3b催化剂对这两类偶联反应均表现出了高催化活性.     

钯催化炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯

报道了钯催化下炔丙醇与叔丁基异腈反应高选择性合成吡咯并呋喃衍生物和氨基甲酸酯的新方法.在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(OAc)₂与110%(摩尔分数)LiBr存在下,一分子炔丙醇与三分子叔丁基异腈在水的参与下发生“有序的”异腈三重插入反应,以56%～73%的产率高选择性地生成了吡咯并呋喃衍生物;而在10%(摩尔分数)Pd(PPh₃)₄和110%(摩尔分数)K₃PO₄存在下,一分子炔丙醇与一分子叔丁基异腈在空气中氧气的参与下发生简单氧化偶联反应,以51%～74%的产率生成了氨基甲酸酯.该方法仅通过简单改变钯催化剂与盐的种类就能得到不同产物,且反应选择性高,分别为吡咯并呋喃亚胺衍生物和氨基甲酸酯提供了有吸引力的合成途径.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.