载Ag二氧化钛纳米线的制备及其光催化性能

利用水热合成法,制备出了二氧化钛纳米线,通过葡萄糖还原Ag(NH3)+2,在制备出的二氧化钛纳米线表面负载了 Ag纳米颗粒.利用透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物进行了表征.结果表明:该Ag/TiO2纳米线在可见光区域表现出较强的吸收性能.测试了样品降解酸性红3R溶液的活性.结果表明,TiO2纳米线表面负载Ag纳米颗粒对提高其光催化性能具有积极的作用.     

Ag3PO4/ATP纳米复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

以天然矿物凹凸棒石(简称ATP)为载体,在其表面原位生成纳米Ag3PO4,制备Ag3POJATP复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(Uv-vis DRS)等测试方法对复合材料的表面结构、形貌、光响应性能进行了研究.结果表明:Ag3PO4/ATP复合光催化剂中Ag3PO4-以纳米微球均匀分布在ATP表面,平均直径12.5 nm.进一步通过150 W碘钨灯下降解甲基橙(MO)的实验,研究了光催化材料的可见光催化性能.实验结果表明,Ag3PO4、Ag3PO4/ATP在可见光下具有光催化活性,Ag3PO4/ATP的光催化性能优于Ag3PO4,2.5h对甲基橙的降解率达到93.4;.     

Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体制备及其可见光催化性能

室温下,以ZnO粉体、Na2HPO4、AgNO3和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为原料,成功制备出了系列Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见光谱仪分别对复合粉体的物相、形貌和可见光吸收性能进行了表征.研究了不同摩尔比的Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体的光催化性能.结果表明:当ZnO和Ag3PO4摩尔比约为1:1时,所得的Ag3PO4/ZnO复合粉体对罗丹明B染料的可见光催化效果最好,降解率达到99;.     

不同形貌的钨酸铋纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

利用水热法通过调节溶液pH值和表面活性剂CTAB浓度制备了不同结构与形貌的钨酸铋纳米材料,用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法对产物进行了结构与形貌的表征,并研究了不同结构与形貌的钨酸铋样品对甲基橙的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,在低pH值时样品为Bi2WO6相纳米片,随着pH值的增加,样品中出现了Bi3.84W0.16O6.24相八面体纳米颗粒,高pH值时,样品则为纯Bi3.84W0.16O6.24相八面体颗粒.随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,Bi2WO6纳米片有自组装的趋势,最终形成花瓣状结构.光催化甲基橙实验结果表明不同形貌的钨酸铋样品对甲基橙有不同的催化降解活性,片状Bi2WO6相纳米片高于Bi3.84W0.16O6.24相八面体颗粒.     

Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能研究

为提高纳米TiO2的光催化降解性能和稳定性,采用两步水热法制备具有高催化性能的Ag3PO4/TiO2复合催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS、TEM等仪器对其表面微观形貌和形态大小、表面元素组成、物相结构等进行表征,并研究了TiO2的比表面积和Ag3PO4颗粒尺寸大小对Ag3PO4/TiO2光催化性能的影响.以亚甲基蓝(MB)和苯酚为目标降解物来考察复合光催化剂的光催化性能.结果表明:1h后Ag3PO4、TiO2、Ag3PO4/TiO2对亚甲基蓝的降解率为25;、42;、92;;复合光催化剂Ag3PO4/TiO2经过5次光催化降解实验后,对亚甲基蓝的降解率仍可达78;.     

Ag3PO4/GO复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

采用原位沉淀法以GO为基体负载Ag3PO4纳米颗粒制备Ag3PO4/GO复合材料,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对其进行表征,结果显示,Ag3PO4纳米颗粒呈现近似球状,巨在GO薄膜表面均匀分布.光催化降解RhB结果表明,Ag3PO4/GO复合材料在可见光下具有很好的光催化性能,光照60 min后,RhB降解率可达95.7;,较之纯Ag3PO4有着显著增加.催化剂重复使用4次,降解率仍然达到80.7;,表现出较好的稳定性.降解机理研究表明,h+是降解RhB的主要活性物质.     

Fe@Fe2O3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其性能

通过高温煅烧三聚氰胺制备了石墨相氮化碳g-C3N4,再以硼氢化钠( NaBH4)为还原剂,室温下还原氯化高铁(FeCl3· 6H2O)制备出了具有核壳结构的Fe@Fe2O3纳米线.然后分别通过超声法和溶剂热法制备了Fe@Fe2 O3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等表征方法对其进行表征.所得样品的光催化性能通过在可见光下(λ≥400 nm)光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)溶液来评估.研究表明,超声法制备的Fe@Fe2O3/g-C3N4复合催化剂具有优良的可见光催化性能,其催化活性明显高于单组分的催化活性,一般认为Fe@Fe2O3与g-C3N4之间有一定的协同作用,从而可以提高材料的催化活性.同时,研究发现该催化体系中起关键作用的主要活性物种是超氧自由基.     

三维In2S3/Ag/TiO2纳米网对9-蒽羧酸的光催化性能研究

采用光催化还原法以及连续离子层吸附法(SILAR)分别将Ag和In2S3纳米粒子修饰在TiO2纳米网上,成功制备了In2 S3/Ag/TiO2复合纳米材料.通过光催化降解9-蒽羧酸(9-ACA)来评价催化剂的光催化性能以及优化In2S3的沉积圈数.实验发现,In2S3/Ag/TiO2复合纳米材料的光吸收范围从紫外光区扩展至可见光区,并表现出增强的光催化降解9-ACA的效率.其中,沉积了7圈In2S3的In2S3/Ag/TiO2纳米网表现出最高的光催化降解效率,在60 min内,对9-ACA的降解效率达到了98.66;.此外,本文还对In2S3/Ag/TiO2复合纳米材料光催化降解9-ACA的机理进行了讨论.     

Bi4Ti3O12/Ag/AgCl复合纤维的制备及可见光催化性能

本文合成了钛酸铋/银/氯化银(Bi4 Ti3O12/Ag/AgC1,BTO/Ag/AgCl)复合纳米纤维,并研究了其可见光催化性能.通过静电纺丝技术和高温煅烧制备了BTO纳米纤维,采用沉淀-光照还原法在BTO纳米纤维表面负载了Ag/AgC1纳米颗粒获得BTO/Ag/AgC1复合纤维.结果 表明,BTO和Ag/AgC1均具有良好的结晶性能,BTO/Ag/AgC1比单纯的BTO纳米纤维具有更强的可见光吸收.光催化测试表明,由于Ag/AgC1对可见光吸收的增加,以及与BTO间形成的半导体异质结,BTO/Ag/AgC1复合纳米纤维对染料RhB的光催化降解效率均高于纯的BTO纳米纤维,经100 min光照后可由29;提高到80;.     

BiVO4/SiO2复合材料的制备及光学性能

以Bi(NO3)3 、NH4VO3 和Na2SiO3为原料,采用沉淀法制备了BiVO4/SiO2复合材料.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)及紫外-可见光吸收测试(UV-vis)对样品的晶相组成、微观结构和紫外-可见光吸收特性进行了表征.紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析表明:BiVO4/SiO2复合材料具有较宽的紫外-可见光吸收范围,计算其光学带隙为2.39 eV.光催化降价亚甲基蓝性能测试表明:BiVO4包覆SiO2能有效提高其催化性能.     

Modelling of mechanism of agglomeration of KCl crystallization

The article presents an analysis into agglomeration during KCl vacuum crystallization. The theoretical and experimental investigations into the mechanism of agglomeration during mass crystallization result in an extension of the growth phenomena within the known model equations. The basis for this is essentially constituted by the collision model concepts of the theory of floculation in disperse systems. The parameters derived from the microprocess analysis (energy dissipation, content of solids, growth rate of individual grains) lead to model equations which are confirmed by laboratory and test trials.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Velocities of Disappearance and Lifetime of Faces of Growing Crystals

The formulae for absolute R_disap and relative R velocities of disappearance and lifetime τ of faces of growing crystals have been derived for stationary growth. It was shown that the quantities are determined by the relative growth velocity R_A/R_critA of the vanishing face A with respect to the critical growth velocity R_critA and by the geometry of a crystal expressed by the trigonometric functions of interfacial angles β and γ formed between face A and the adjacent faces. R increases and τ decreases with the increase in R_A/R_critA to certain limiting values. The calculations have been verified and illustrated by the experimental results for triclinic potassium bichromate (KBC) crystals. Results enable ones to predict values of velocities of disappearance and lifetimes of undesirable, supplementary faces of any real crystal.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Mechanism of spatial ordering of dislocations during plastic deformation of crystals

Mechanisms of spatial ordering of dislocations during plastic deformation of crystals are considered. The system of evolution equations, which take into account the effects of elastic and correlated interactions of screw dislocations, is derived. The study is performed with due regard for the dynamics of spatial fluctuations of the dislocation density.