Al2O3基片/Al层状陶瓷的力学性能研究

采用丝网印刷法在Al2O3基片上刷涂金属Al浆料,然后叠层在氧化环境中进行热处理,制备了不同层数的层状陶瓷材料,研究了Al2O3基片层数、热处理温度对层状陶瓷抗弯强度、断裂韧性和冲击功的影响,并与用AB胶制备的层状陶瓷进行了比较.结果表明,用Al浆作为层状陶瓷的夹层制备的试样抗弯强度和断裂韧性都明显比用AB胶作为夹层的试样强;层状陶瓷的抗弯强度在热处理温度700～750 ℃时较大,达到200～240 MPa,而且强度随着层数的增加而降低;层状陶瓷的断裂韧性随热处理温度的变化不明显,随着层数的变化较大,层数增加,韧性增大.     

注射成型制备氧化铝陶瓷

采用多组分粘结剂,通过注射成型制备Al2O3陶瓷.讨论了粘结剂中石蜡含量、固含量对喂料粘度及坯体性能的影响.研究了烧结温度对坯体性能及显微结构的影响.结果表明,石蜡含量为粘结剂的40wt;,喂料固含量为52vol;时,喂料粘度合适,坯体性能最好,内部显微结构均匀,抗弯强度为25 MPa,完全满足机械加工的强度要求.1560～1640℃,随着烧结温度的提高,烧结致密性提高.1600℃时,Al2O3抗弯强度最高达(422±40) MPa,致密性较好,晶粒发育较为理想,为最佳烧结温度.     

工业级氢氧化铝制备高韧性氧化铝陶瓷及机理分析

采用价格低廉的工业氢氧化铝粉为初始原料,通过球磨介质磨耗向氢氧化铝中引入高纯α-Al2O3作为晶种,通过热压烧结,氧化铝晶粒原位异向生长成长柱状和板状的晶粒,从而在瓷体的断裂过程中产生裂纹桥接、偏转和晶粒拔出的增韧机制,使制备出的氧化铝陶瓷断裂韧性得到了显著的提高.在热压烧结压力为30 MPa、1600 ℃烧结2 h制备的氧化铝烧结体,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为550 MPa、6.08 MPa·m1/2.     

莰烯为溶剂制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷的研究

以α-氮化硅粉为原料,坎烯为溶剂,氧化钇和氧化铝为烧结助剂,室温下利用冷冻注模法制备出多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了固相含量(坎烯含量)、干燥方式及粘结剂对生坯性能的影响,以及对烧结制备出的氮化硅孔隙率、力学性能和微观结构的影响.研究结果表明:固相含量过低会导致升华后坯体强度过低而坍塌,过高则无法获得多孔结构.坯体置于真空环境下干燥能有效加快其升华速度,避免坯体开裂.选用聚苯乙烯(PS)作为粘结剂制备的生坯效果较好.通过烧结制备试样的主晶相为β-Si3 N4相,以莰烯为溶剂获得的氮化硅陶瓷展现出了内部联通的多孔结构,而且是树枝状的坎烯"手臂".烧成后试样的线收缩率随着固相含量的增加而减小,当固相含量由10vol;升高到25vol;时,试样的开气孔率由82.13;降低到62.09;,而密度却由0.5698 g/cm3升高到1.2603 g/cm3,相应的三点弯曲强度由3.933 MPa增加到14.421 MPa,硬度由393.5 kg·mm-2上升至1288.3 kg·mm-2.     

陶瓷基功能材料载体纤维增强效果及机理

以陶瓷基功能材料载体为研究对象,按照其生产工艺配方,研究了纤维种类(莫来石、氧化铝、氧化锆)及其添加量对陶瓷基功能材料载体性能的影响.在相同实验条件且不影响其功能化参数前提下,将其与未添加纤维的空白试样力学性能进行对比.结果表明,试样经1200℃烧成后,相比莫来石与氧化铝纤维增强的陶瓷基功能材料载体,氧化锆纤维的增强效果最好.当氧化锆纤维的添加量为0.8 wt;时,试样的吸水率和气孔率均较低,分别为2.0;、4.0;,相比空白对比试样抗折强度增强了42.4;.     

硅树脂转化制备硅氧碳多孔陶瓷

采用硅树脂RSN-6018为陶瓷先驱体,并引入一定比例的预固化硅树脂,在N2气氛下于1200 ℃裂解转化制备组分单一、孔结构可控以及陶瓷产率高的硅氧碳(Si-O-C)多孔陶瓷,研究了预固化硅树脂含量对Si-O-C多孔陶瓷微观形貌和性能的影响.结果表明:预固化硅树脂的加入可有效调节Si-O-C多孔陶瓷的孔形貌、孔径以及气孔率,当预固化硅树脂含量低于90wt;时,随着预固化硅树脂含量的增加,孔结构从贯通圆孔变为颗粒"搭接"贯通孔,再变为颗粒堆积孔,且气孔率增大;而体积收缩减小,陶瓷产率提高;耐压强度在27.9~17.5 MPa之间.     

低温烧结3Y-TZP陶瓷的研究

以不同质量分数的MnO2-TiO2(质量比为1:1)为烧结助剂,在1300～1500 ℃下低温烧结制备了3Y-TZP陶瓷.对3Y-TZP陶瓷的相对密度、物相及显微结构、显微硬度、抗弯强度及断裂韧性进行了测试分析,并对烧结助剂的基本性能进行了表征.探究了烧结助剂及烧结温度对3Y-TZP陶瓷性能的影响.实验结果表明:在3Y-TZP陶瓷中加入烧结助剂MnO2-TiO2(质量比为1:1)可以实现低温烧结.试样的相对密度、显微硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性随烧结温度的升高先增大后降低.在烧结助剂为0.5wt;,烧结温度为1350 ℃时,试样的相对密度及力学性能都达到最大,在此条件下,试样的相对密度达97.16;,显微硬度为2032.8 HV,抗弯强度为300 MPa,断裂韧性为8.35 MPa· m1/2,且试样的断裂方式为晶粒拔出及晶粒断裂遵循着穿-沿晶断裂的模式,且晶粒极小.     

LaMgAl11O19加入对8YSZ 材料力学性能的影响

为改善 8YSZ 材料的力学性能,利用呈板片状结构的 LaMgAl11O19 来强韧化 8YSZ 陶瓷,在 1600 ℃下保温 3 h制备了LaMgAl11O19 -8YSZ 复相陶瓷,研究了 LaMgAl11O19 的添加量对 8YSZ 基复相陶瓷的致密度、显微形貌和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加板片状 LaMgAl11O19可较明显地改善8YSZ陶瓷的力学性能.当 LaMgAl11O19 的添加量为 20 wt;时,8YSZ基复相陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为297.4 MPa和4.0 MPa·m1/2.     

不同粒度SiC颗粒低温制备SiC泡沫陶瓷的性能

以SiC陶瓷前驱体聚碳硅烷(polycarbosilane,PCS)为粘结剂、SiC微粉为填料、聚氨酯海绵为模板,低温制备出了SiC泡沫陶瓷.研究了SiC颗粒粒度和PCS含量对SiC泡沫陶瓷线收缩率、体积密度、微观结构与抗弯强度的影响.确定了不同粒度SiC颗粒制备泡沫陶瓷的最佳烧成温度.结果表明,随SiC颗粒粒度与PCS含量的增加泡沫陶瓷的线收缩率增大、体积密度降低;泡沫陶瓷的抗弯强度随SiC颗粒粒度的增大而降低;颗粒粒度小于1μm时,最佳烧成温度为1200℃,颗粒粒度大于1μm时,最佳烧成温度为1100℃;PCS在1100℃与1200℃热解可得到β-SiC晶粒,其晶粒尺寸为12.2 nm与19.6 nm.     

低温燃烧-烧结法制备多孔Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)陶瓷

用低温燃烧合成的陶瓷粉体为原料,在1450℃下烧结制备了多孔Al2O3/ZrO2 (3mol; Y2O3)陶瓷,并研究ZrO2的外加量(Omol;、1Omol;、15mol;和20mol;)对多孔陶瓷显气孔率、抗弯强度、孔径分布和显微结构的影响.实验结果表明:与其他试样相比,ZrO2外加量为15mol;的试样的显气孔率和抗弯强度都明显提高,其最可几孔径约为1.1 μm.SEM和EBSD图片显示:外加ZrO2能显著影响多孔陶瓷的显微结构,其中外加15mol; ZrO2的多孔陶瓷中,氧化铝晶粒的平均尺寸较小,颈部较厚,这是其具有较高抗弯强度的主要原因.     

Effect of Ultrasonics on Agglomeration

Crystal size distribution of potassium aluminium sulphate dodekahydrate prepared under various conditions has been used for characterization of the degree of agglomeration of crystals. Six series of batch precipitation experiments with batch times from 2 to 80 minutes have been represented by a) dried crystals, b) the same crystals partially de-agglomerated before the measurement, c) wet crystals taken directly from the batch, d) the same crystals partially de-agglomerated before the measurement, e) wet crystals taken directly from the batch occurring under ultrasonic action, and f) these crystals partially de-agglomerated just before the measurement. Degree of agglomeration decreases in this sequence.     

Piezoelectricity Effect Detector

An apparatus for the detection of the piezoelectricity effect in non-conducting crystals is described. It is possible to mark the crystal resonance frequency and show the resonance curve on the oscilloscope, both with or without mechanical contact between the crystal and electrodes. For the urotropine crystals the section of the surface of the longitudinal piezoelectric effect with (110) plane was determined without mechanical contact.     

Molecular Ordering in Liquid Crystals and the Effect of End-Chains on the Even-Odd Effect

The second and fourth orientational order parameters [Pbar]₂, [Pbar]₄ of the homologous series of 4-n-alkyl-4′-cyanobiphenyls (nCB, n = 5 ～ 8) in the nematic liquid crystalline state have been determined from the Raman depolarization ratios by the resonance Raman probe method. It was found out that not only [Pbar]₂ but also [Pbar]₄ exhibits evident even-odd effect when they are compared at the same reduced temperature. For understanding the mechanism of the even-odd effect, a theoretical calculation has been carried out on the basis of the mean field theory of Marcelja, in which the effect of the end alkyl-chain on the liquid crystalline state is taken explicitly into consideration. The observed trend in [Pbar]₂, [Pbar]₄, nematic-isotropic transition temperature were well reproduced. Detailed inspection of the results shows that the presence of anisotropic molecular field plays an important role in the appearance of the even-odd effect. The anisotropic molecular field produces redistribution of the statistical weight of various conformers in such a way that the end chains of odd-members align better along the direction of the rigid core part than those of even-members.     

铌酸锂晶体的光折变效应

铌酸锂(LiNbO₃, LN)是一种多功能多用途的人工晶体,被称为“光学硅”。近期以铌酸锂薄膜(LNOI)为平台的集成光子学发展迅速,有将“光学硅”变为现实的趋势。高集成意味着高局域高光强密度,使铌酸锂晶体的光折变效应变得不容忽视。光折变效应是光致折射率变化的简称,是非线性光学的重要组成部分。本文回顾了铌酸锂晶体光折变效应的发现和机理、不同掺杂及掺杂组合对光折变效应的调控,重点介绍了铋镁双掺铌酸锂晶体的光折变性能及相关理论和实验结果,概述了铌酸锂光折变波导和孤子,及基于LNOI的集成光子学器件中的光折变效应,并对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。期待我国发挥铌酸锂光折变研究及LNOI产业化的优势,在光子学芯片的竞争中占据主导地位。     

电离对晶体生长的作用

为什么有的晶体材料容易生长,而有的则很难.本文通过分析溶液或熔体的电离状态对晶体生长的影响,认为晶体生长的难易程度主要决定于该晶体材料在液相状态下电离度的大小,电离是所有化学键晶体生长的必要条件.通过比较各类晶体生长难易程度与价键结构及其化学元素组成的关系,认为:以偏离子性键、金属键结合的材料,在熔体状态下的电离度大,容易形成晶相;以偏共价键结合的化合物电离度小,难于生长单晶体,但容易制作非晶或纳米材料.     

Effect of furnace atmosphere on E-glass foaming

The effect of furnace atmosphere on E-glass foaming has been studied with the specific goal of understanding the impact of increased water content on foaming in oxy-fired furnaces. E-glass foams were generated in a fused-quartz crucible located in a quartz window furnace equipped with video recording. The present study showed that humidity in the furnace atmosphere destabilizes foam, while other gases have little effect on foam stability. These findings do not contradict the generally accepted ‘dilution model’, suggesting that foaming is more severe in oxy-fired furnaces than in air-fired furnaces because the higher concentration of water in the furnace atmosphere ultimately enhances sulfate decomposition resulting in stronger foaming. The failure to reproduce this effect in laboratory experiments may be attributed to water incorporation into the glass melt occurring during ablation melting in industrial furnaces.     

Effect of charge memory in organic composites

The effect of charge memory in composites based on polymer molecules has been investigated. Resistive switchings in sandwich samples prepared by lamination from commercially available polymers (polystyrene and poly(2,3-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxine)-poly(styrene sulphonate) are analyzed. It is shown that the characteristic switching times in the composite samples reach several nanoseconds and the number of switchings exceeds 10⁶. Switchings are observed in electric fields much below the breakdown threshold, which indicates the absence of destructive processes in the polymer.     

Effect of temperature programmes on protein crystallisation

Varying the temperature has been proven to be beneficial for improving the screening efficiency of protein crystallisation, and thus a crystallisation screening strategy based on this phenomenon can be developed. Such a temperature varying strategy can be applied in practical crystallisation screening, however, there are no guidelines for determining what temperature programme should be utilised. It is therefore necessary to investigate how the temperature programme affects the crystallisation process, so as to help people design a suitable temperature programme. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of temperature programmes on the protein crystallisation (lysozyme, proteinase K, and concanavalin A) that are characterised by different solubility behaviours with respect to temperature. Judging from the reproducibility studies of protein crystallisation with different temperature programmes, we recommend using linear temperature programmes for a moderate time period (24 to 48 h) and a large temperature range according to the properties of the proteins. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Effect of impurities on dynamic dragging of dislocations

The rearrangement of the force of dynamic dragging of a dislocation due to its elastic interactio in with impurity atoms is analysed. The collisions of a moving dislocation with impurities excite additional vibrations of a dislocation line. Such vibrations lead to the appearance of extra parts to dissipative function and effective friction force of a dislocation which depend on location and concentration of impurities. This effect is one of the reasons of the influence of impurities observed in the experiments on the dynamic branch of the moving dislocation curve.