水热法生长KBBF单晶

氟代硼鈹酸钾KBe2BO3F2(KBBF)晶体是至今发现的可相位匹配的倍频波长最短的晶体.但是,由于该晶体具有很大的面间距,层状生长习性十分明显,因此,至今采用熔盐法生长的晶体厚度较薄,无法按照相位匹配方向切割成倍频器件.我们尝试了采用水热法生长KBBF晶体并获得了成功.我们采用水热法已成功地生长出了厚度达10 mm以上的透明单晶体.本文概述了水热法生长KBBF晶体的实验方法和生长条件(如矿化剂种类,温度,压力,温度梯度,充满度,开孔率等)对晶体生长的影响.最后,用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论模型讨论了晶体的生长机制与形状.     

氟硼铍酸钾晶体的生长、表面形貌和缺陷

采用自发成核方法,以KF-B2O3为助溶剂,在KBBF∶KF∶B2O3为1.5∶5.0∶0.8的体系中,较为重复地生长了尺寸较大的KBBF晶体,从中可加工出10mm×10mm×1.5mm的样品供测试和非线性谐波输出应用.晶体的理想外形由{0001}、{1010}、和{1011}三组单形构成.其宏观缺陷主要为连生、孪生、包裹体,宏观生长台阶和条纹、开裂等.并观察了晶体的表面形貌.     

KBe2BO3F2晶体非共线匹配倍频研究

根据氟硼铍酸钾(KBe2BO3F2,简称KBBF)晶体最新的色散方程以及非共线匹配的条件,采用FORTAN语言变精度数值计算方法,以YAG激光器1064 nm波长入射为例,数值计算了KBBF晶体的Ⅰ类非共线倍频相位匹配角、有效非线性系数和允许角。计算结果显示:在第一象限内,存在两个匹配方向,第一个匹配方向对应的基频o光和倍频e光的匹配角范围为19.00°～89.50°,18.08°～55.20°,20.78°～72.60°;第二个匹配方向对应的基频o光和倍频e光匹配角范围分别为19.00°～55.00°,25.07°～89.75°,22.03°～72.38°。第一组匹配方向的相位匹配角范围和相应的有效非线性系数比第二组匹配方向的大,第一组匹配方向对应的允许角比第二组匹配方向小。因此非共线相位匹配结构下KBBF晶体的Ⅰ类倍频应该采用第一组匹配方向。     

助熔剂法生长RbBe2BO3F2晶体及热性能研究

本文采用自发成核助熔剂法生长深紫外非线性光学晶体RbBe2BO3F2(RBBF)。研究了不同助熔剂体系的黏度对自发成核的影响,采用Rb2O-NaF-B2O3体系获得了厚度超过2.5 mm的大块透明RbBe2BO3F2晶体。研究了晶体的热学性能,包括熔点、比热、热膨胀系数和热导率,并与KBBF同族晶体进行了比较。在30～300℃温度范围内,RBBF晶体比热是0.70～0.95 J/g·K,大于CBBF晶体。测得RBBF晶体沿c轴的热膨胀系数是z=47.16×10-6K-1,在298 K时沿c轴的热导率是3.04 W/m·K。     

KBe2BO3F2和RbBe2BO3F2晶体中的孪晶缺陷

通过化学腐蚀和偏光显微镜,对KBe2BO3F2(KBBF)和RbBe2BO3F2 (RBBF)晶体中存在的一种条状孪晶缺陷进行了研究,观察了孪晶习性,探讨了其孪晶律,并结合晶体生长情况对该孪晶的形成原因进行了分析.     

KBBF晶体的棱镜耦合技术和深紫外谐波输出

使用KBe2BO3F2(KBBF)晶体的棱镜耦合技术实现了Ti:Sapphire激光的4倍频,最短输出波长已可达到179.4nm.进一步使用和频方法,可输出波长达到163.4nm的最新结果.     

高质量单晶In2Ge2O7纳米带的合成和生长机制探究

采用CVD法成功合成了高质量单晶In2 Ge2 O7纳米带,采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)图像以及X射线衍射(XRD),能谱元素分布图像等对产物进行了表征.结果表明,生长的纳米带长几十微米、厚度50 nm,几乎没有缺陷且In,Ge,O元素分布均匀.此外,基于热力学原理对单晶纳米带的生长机制进行了讨论.     

水热反应温度对碱性条件下TiO2纳米晶生长动力学及其光电性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为原料,在碱性条件下水热合成了锐钛矿相TiO2纳米晶.采用X射线衍射仪、比表面积测试仪、扫描电子显微镜等方法对纳米晶粒的晶体结构、比表面积以及光阳极的表面形貌分别进行表征,研究水热反应温度对TiO2纳米晶生长动力学过程的影响规律.结果表明:随着温度的升高,锐钛矿相纳米晶的平均晶粒尺寸先增大后减小.光电转换性能测试表明,电池的光电转换性能随着水热反应温度的升高而增大,在220℃时获得最大光电转换效率4.05;( 1sun,100 mW/cm2).并分析了水热反应温度对碱性条件下TiO2纳米晶粒的生长动力学过程和电池光电转换性能的影响机制.     

ZnGeP2晶体2～2.5μm点缺陷研究

ZnGeP2晶体在2～2.5μm有几个吸收峰,GeZn及VZn这两种点缺陷对此波段吸收峰产生影响.利用实验与模拟计算相结合方法进行研究,首先通过理论计算的方法确定了理想ZnGeP2晶体的电子本征吸收和自由激子吸收引起的吸收位能量大于1.85eV区间,对应的波长小于670 nm.其次通过实验的方法采用过量0.5at;Ge的非化学计量配比,生长出了有大量的GeZn缺陷的晶体,再在富P的环境下退火.通过与化学计量比生长的ZnGeP2晶体吸收谱对比分析得知:2～2.3μm的吸收峰主要是GeZn缺陷产生的,2.4μm以后的吸收峰为VZn点缺陷产生.最后基于密度泛函理论,运用VASP软件包来进行第一性原理计算,验证了这一结论.     

新型AgGa1-xInxSe2晶体用于CO2激光倍频研究

本实验室用布里奇曼方法成功生长出有应用前景的新型四元非线性AgGa1-xInxSe2晶体,对晶体光学透过,红外低倍显微成像,反射损耗和吸收系数进行了研究和计算.基于纯AgGaSe2和AgInSe2的Sellmeier方程,用线性内插方法计算了不同In含量的AgGa1-xInxSe2在0.9～19μm的Sellmeier色散系数并建立了Sellmeier方程.计算和描绘了Ⅰ型相位匹配CO2激光二次谐波产生的调谐曲线,并标出我们的倍频实验数据.在近似非临界相位匹配条件下,进行了TEA CO2激光10.6μm在AgGa1-xInxSe2中的倍频实验研究,并与AgGaSe2进行了比较,测量的1#AgGa1-xInxSe2相位匹配角θ及相位匹配接收外角△θext·L分别为88.2°和7.7°·cm,AgGa1-xInxSe2的倍频效率比AgGaSe2高出近3倍.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.