加压水介质耐μs级高电压击穿实验研究

采用水介质同轴电极实验装置,开展了μs级充电加压水介质击穿实验研究,并对实验结果进行了分析和讨论,结果表明：在水介质正电极击穿类型的实验中,常压下水介质击穿场强与Martin公式吻合。加压水介质击穿场强随静压的增加而增加,其场强增幅与Mirza定性理论场强增幅的相对差别在5%以内。根据实验结果推导出了更为准确的水介质击穿场强随静压变化的关系式。对水介质加压,将压缩电极表面气泡,减少气泡数目,从而可以提高水介质耐高电压击穿能力。     

加压乙二醇/水混合液耐μs级高电压击穿实验研究

采用同轴电极实验装置,在μs级充电时进行了加压乙二醇/水混合液正电极击穿实验,并对实验结果进行了分析和解释,得出结论如下：击穿场强随静压以1/8次幂的关系而增加;击穿场强系数随乙二醇浓度的增加而增加;加压和添加乙二醇对于提高水介质耐高电压击穿的能力具有可叠加性,加压比添加乙二醇更有效;在静压12×105 Pa下乙二醇浓度80%的混合液击穿场强比常压下纯水击穿场强高112.2%。加压提高乙二醇/水混合液击穿场强的主要机制是加压增加了击穿延迟时间。     

加压乙二醇/水混合液耐μs级高电压击穿实验研究

 采用同轴电极实验装置,在μs级充电时进行了加压乙二醇/水混合液正电极击穿实验,并对实验结果进行了分析和解释,得出结论如下：击穿场强随静压以1/8次幂的关系而增加;击穿场强系数随乙二醇浓度的增加而增加;加压和添加乙二醇对于提高水介质耐高电压击穿的能力具有可叠加性,加压比添加乙二醇更有效;在静压12×10⁵ Pa下乙二醇浓度80%的混合液击穿场强比常压下纯水击穿场强高112.2%。加压提高乙二醇/水混合液击穿场强的主要机制是加压增加了击穿延迟时间。     

加压去离子水短脉冲击穿特性的初步研究

 液体的介质气泡击穿理论作为研究基础,开展了两种短脉冲下高压强水介质开关的击穿实验,获得了水介质击穿场强及耐压时间与水中压强关系的数据,通过分析比较得出：在脉宽300 ns和1 μs两种脉冲电压作用下,当水中压强逐渐提高时水介质击穿电压和耐压时间均呈上升趋势,压强越高趋势越明显,而且作用脉冲越宽水中压强对于水介质击穿特性的影响越显著。     

加压去离子水短脉冲击穿特性的初步研究

液体的介质气泡击穿理论作为研究基础,开展了两种短脉冲下高压强水介质开关的击穿实验,获得了水介质击穿场强及耐压时间与水中压强关系的数据,通过分析比较得出：在脉宽300 ns和1 μs两种脉冲电压作用下,当水中压强逐渐提高时水介质击穿电压和耐压时间均呈上升趋势,压强越高趋势越明显,而且作用脉冲越宽水中压强对于水介质击穿特性的影响越显著。     

电极表面光滑程度对水介质高电压击穿的影响

 采用水介质同轴实验装置,改变电极表面的光滑程度,在μs级充电时进行水介质击穿实验,并对实验结果进行了分析和解释。结果表明：抛光电极表面可有效提高水介质耐高电压击穿能力;表面粗糙度为0.4～0.8 μm的抛光电极表面的击穿场强比表面粗糙度为1.6～3.2 μm的粗糙抛光电极表面,更符合Martin公式。电极表面光滑程度的改善,使阴极场致发射电流减弱进而击穿延迟时间变长,气泡也更难以附着在光滑的电极表面,从而可以提高水介质耐高电压击穿能力。     

电极表面光滑程度对水介质高电压击穿的影响

采用水介质同轴实验装置,改变电极表面的光滑程度,在μs级充电时进行水介质击穿实验,并对实验结果进行了分析和解释。结果表明：抛光电极表面可有效提高水介质耐高电压击穿能力;表面粗糙度为0.4～0.8 μm的抛光电极表面的击穿场强比表面粗糙度为1.6～3.2 μm的粗糙抛光电极表面,更符合Martin公式。电极表面光滑程度的改善,使阴极场致发射电流减弱进而击穿延迟时间变长,气泡也更难以附着在光滑的电极表面,从而可以提高水介质耐高电压击穿能力。     

甘油介质在同轴形成线中的击穿特性研究

针对甘油介质在形成线中的应用,总结了甘油作为储能介质已开展的相关研究工作,并在缩比的同轴电极试件中进行了电极表面、磁场、耐压极性、含气量等条件对甘油介质击穿特性影响的实验研究。搭建了基于晶闸管控制的空心脉冲变压器升压实验平台,设计了浸没于脉冲磁场中的同轴电极击穿试件,实验平台最大输出电压500 kV,上升时间26 s,最大磁场1 T,可通过控制晶闸管的先后触发使击穿过程发生于准稳衡磁场中,并制作了外形一致、表面不同的砂纸打磨、羊毛抛光、金属电镀和非金属电镀四种电极。实验结果表明:甘油的击穿是没有极性的;1 T量级磁场对甘油介质的击穿特性无影响;不同电极表面微观形貌差异较大,使甘油介质具有不同的击穿特性,说明甘油击穿在电极表面的过程具有较大影响;充分的排气能减少甘油中直径较大的气泡,减少概率性的低击穿场强,击穿后产生的大量微小气泡会整体降低甘油的击穿阈值,使甘油的平均击穿场强降低。     

甘油介质在同轴形成线中的击穿特性研究

针对甘油介质在形成线中的应用,总结了甘油作为储能介质已开展的相关研究工作,并在缩比的同轴电极试件中进行了电极表面、磁场、耐压极性、含气量等条件对甘油介质击穿特性影响的实验研究。搭建了基于晶闸管控制的空心脉冲变压器升压实验平台,设计了浸没于脉冲磁场中的同轴电极击穿试件,实验平台最大输出电压500 kV,上升时间26 s,最大磁场1 T,可通过控制晶闸管的先后触发使击穿过程发生于准稳衡磁场中,并制作了外形一致、表面不同的砂纸打磨、羊毛抛光、金属电镀和非金属电镀四种电极。实验结果表明：甘油的击穿是没有极性的;1 T量级磁场对甘油介质的击穿特性无影响;不同电极表面微观形貌差异较大,使甘油介质具有不同的击穿特性,说明甘油击穿在电极表面的过程具有较大影响;充分的排气能减少甘油中直径较大的气泡,减少概率性的低击穿场强,击穿后产生的大量微小气泡会整体降低甘油的击穿阈值,使甘油的平均击穿场强降低。     

液体介质快脉冲电压下击穿特性研究

设计了液体介质快脉冲击穿试验装置和电压电流测量系统,研究了重复频率、电极形状及电极间距与介质击穿场强、击穿电压和击穿时延等击穿特性参数的关系,比较了变压器油、十二烷基苯、蓖麻油三种典型液体绝缘介质在直流及快脉冲电压作用下的绝缘性能。结果表明：短脉冲持续时间下液体绝缘材料有异常高的击穿场强;重复脉冲串作用下的击穿场强比单个脉冲下明显减小,重复频率2 kHz时击穿场强减小了约30％;电极头半径大小对击穿也有影响,半径R＝5 mm时,击穿电压最高;击穿时延随击穿场强减小而变长,在其他条件相同的情况下,测得击穿时延随机波动;蓖麻油的快脉冲电压绝缘性能最好,变压器油次之。     

Cobalt iron-oxide nanoparticle modified poly(methyl methacrylate) nanodielectrics

In this paper, we report the dielectric properties of composite systems (nanodielectrics) made of small amounts of mono dispersed magnetic nanoparticles embedded in a polymer matrix. It is observed from the transmission electron microscope images that the matrix polymeric material is confined in approximately 100 nm size cages between particle clusters. The particle clusters are composed of separated spherical particles which comprise unconnected networks in the matrix. The dielectric relaxation and breakdown characteristics of the matrix polymeric material are altered with the addition of nanometer size cobalt iron-oxide particles. The dielectric breakdown measurements performed at 77 K showed that these nanodielectrics are potentially useful as an electrical insulation material for cryogenic high voltage applications. Finally, structural and dielectric properties of nanocomposite dielectrics are discussed to present plausible reasons for the observed low effective dielectric permittivity values in the present and similar nanodielectric systems. It is concluded that polymeric nanoparticle composites would have low dielectric permittivity regardless of the permittivity of nanoparticles are when the particles are coordinated with a low dielectric permittivity surfactant.     

Effects of barium on the nonlinear electrical characteristics and dielectric properties of SnO2-based varistors

The effects of barium on electrical and dielectric properties of the SnO_2·Co_2O_3·Ta_2O_5 varistor system sintered at 1250℃ for 60min were investigated. It is found that barium significantly improves the nonlinear properties. The breakdown electrical field increases from 378.0 to 2834.5V/mm, relative dielectric constant (at 1kHz) falls from 1206 to 161 and the resistivity (at 1kHz) rises from 60.3 to 1146.5kΩ·cm with an increase of BaCO_3 concentration from 0mol% to 1.00mol%. The sample with 1.00mol% barium has the best nonlinear electrical property and the highest nonlinear coefficient (α=29.2). A modified defect barrier model is introduced to illustrate the grain-boundary barrier formation of barium-doped SnO_{2}-based varistors.     

Electrical and infrared dielectrical properties of silica aerogels and of silica-aerogel-based composites

In this contribution we have studied the key electrical parameters of silica aerogels and of silica-aerogel-based composites, namely the dielectric constants , the dielectric losses tan (at 1 kHz), and the breakdown fields E _b (at 50 Hz). For low-density bulk silica aerogels we find =1.25 and tan =0.0005. E _b is about 500 kV/cm in quasi-homogeneous fields, and of the order of MV/cm in strongly inhomogeneous fields. The dielectric constants of partially densified aerogels increase linearly with density; their dielectric losses are relatively large and their breakdown fields are comparativiely low. The same results are found for aerogels in the form of settled materials, i.e. aerogel granules and powders in air. Acrylate-based aerogel composites with volume fractions larger than 70% have low dielectric constants but their losses are at least 10 times higher than those of low-density aerogels. These materials sustain high local fields in the MV/cm region, while in quasihomogeneous fields, breakdown occurs at about 100 kV/cm. Based on the present results and the interplay with other physical properties (low mechanical resistance, low thermal conductivity, adsorption of water, etc.), silica aerogels and silica aerogel-acrylate-based composites are predicted to have a low potential for electrical insulation.