压缩感知计算随机表面的微波散射

选择谐波函数作为散射源的表征基函数,利用随机矩阵进行观测,实现了对散射源的稀疏表征,最后通过正交匹配追踪算法解算出表面散射源.利用压缩感知—正交匹配追踪算法与直接求解矩阵方程所得到的散射远场分布一致.     

分段匹配追踪式Karhunen-Loeve非相干字典语音压缩感知

压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)理论突破了经典采样定理的理论边界,为信号压缩提供了另一种途径。基于CS理论框架,做了两方面工作:为提高语音字典对信号的匹配性,设计了一种基于K-L展开的非相干语音字典;针对现有匹配追踪(MP,OMP)算法的不足,提出分段匹配追踪(Segment MP,SegMP)算法。首先对语音自相关函数进行建模并估计模型参数,构造语音自适应非相干字典,然后采用SegMP对语音稀疏向量分段观测,获得多个低维矢量,最后结合模型参数重建字典并重构信号,实现了语音压缩感知。语音测试结果表明:相比现有方案,本文方案对信号的稀疏表示更为精准,具有更好的重构质量,且降低了计算复杂度。      

基于OMP算法的图像重构研究与FPGA实现

针对高分辨率的图像在采集过程中存在数据量较大的问题,提出了一种基于正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法的图像重构方法,设计了OMP算法的硬件结构,并在FPGA平台上进行了仿真验证;首先,研究了压缩感知算法的基本原理;然后,分别基于匹配追踪算法(MP)和正交匹配追踪算法实现了图像的重构;最后,通过仿真对比分析了这两种方法的图像重构结果,OMP算法误差在10-15量级,明显优于MP算法的10-3误差量级,并且OMP算法的迭代收敛性也优于MP算法。     

基于压缩感知和改进自适应正交匹配的稀疏信号重构

针对传统香农-奈奎斯特采样定理指出在保证原始信号重构精度的前提下,采样频率必须为原始信号频率的2倍,提出了一种基于压缩感知理论和改进的自适应正交匹配追踪算法的稀疏信号重构方法;首先引入了压缩感知模型和信号重构目标函数,然后在对经典正交匹配追踪类算法进行分析和总结的基础上,为克服其不足,设计了一种二次筛选支配原子集的方法,即通过计算信号的QR分解并计算具有最大势能的原子从而得到能量候选原子集,通过计算余量与原子的相关性选出相关性最大的原子从而得到相关候选原子集,并将能量候选原子集和相关候选原子集的交集作为最终支配原子集;最后定义了具体的采用自适应正交匹配算法实现信号重构的算法;在Matlab仿真环境下试验,结果表明:文章方法能有效地进行稀疏信号重构,具有较小的重构误差,且与其它方法相比,具有收敛速度快和重构效果好的优点。     

时变水声信道的动态压缩感知估计

水声多径信道具有的稀疏特性已被应用于设计稀疏估计方法提高信道估计性能。然而,水声信道具有的快速时变特性,给传统稀疏信道估计方法带来了很大的困难。考虑到水声信道除了高时变性多径,还存在着相对静止,缓慢变化的直达径或者海底反射径,通过将水声信道建模为由静态和时变稀疏支撑集组成,把时变水声信道估计转化为动态压缩感知问题。结合卡尔曼滤波和压缩感知理论,并采用原始对偶追踪算法求解Dantzig selector模型,从而实现对复数域基于卡尔曼滤波器的压缩感知稀疏求解问题的处理。信道时变条件下的数值仿真及基于信道估计的判决反馈均衡器的海上实验结果表明,该算法相对经典的正交匹配追踪和最小二乘QR分解算法具有较明显的性能改善。从而说明,通过对时变水声信道进行动态压缩感知估计可有效提高估计性能。     

基于改进的稀疏度自适应匹配追踪算法的宽带压缩频谱感知

针对在实际宽带压缩频谱感知中难以预先获知宽带频谱稀疏度的问题,提出一种改进的稀疏度自适应匹配追踪(modified sparsity adaptive matching pursuit, MSAMP)算法,该算法在支撑集选择过程中对稀疏度进行了预估计。结合序贯压缩检测技术,给出了一种基于该算法的多认知用户合作场景下的宽带压缩频谱感知方法,理论分析和实验仿真结果表明,该方法可在频谱稀疏度先验知识缺少的情况下,有效提高宽带频谱感知性能。     

基于稀疏编码和禁忌优化的故障信号抽取方法

为了克服经典正交匹配算法获取原子集时遍历冗余字典具有较大时间开销的缺点,提出了一种基于压缩感知理论和禁忌优化算法的的稀疏故障信号特征提取方法;首先引入了压缩感知模型并描述了基于信号稀疏表示的故障诊断原理,设计了满足RIP准则以最小化l₁范数为目标的稀疏信号解的求解方法,然后定义了一种基于正交匹配算法的稀疏信号重构算法,并以最小化余量为目标函数,采用改进的禁忌搜索算法在原子空间中搜索满足目标函数的最优原子集,最后,给出了基于稀疏编码和禁忌优化混合模型的故障信号提取算法;在Matlab仿真环境下对滚动轴承故障信号进行试验,仿真结果表明:文章方法能有效地对具有强噪声的故障信号进行稀疏重构,不仅具有较高的信噪比,而且具有较小的余量误差和仿真时间,与其它方法相比,具有较大的优越性。      

基于弱选择正则化正交匹配追踪的图像重构算法

正则化正交匹配追踪算法由于重构效率高在信号重构中得到广泛应用,然而该算法需要以信号稀疏度为先验条件,若稀疏度水平估计不合适会造成重构结果不稳定.针对该问题,提出了一种基于弱选择正则化的正交匹配追踪算法.该算法可以实现在信号稀疏度未知的条件下,根据弱选择标准对算法中每次迭代产生的余量与观测矩阵之间的相关性进行判定,并且自适应地确定表示原信号的原子数目和原子候选集,进而通过正则化原则从候选集中快速有效地挑选出完成信号重构的最优原子组.数值实验表明,所提出算法和其它贪婪算法相比较,峰值信噪比提高0.5~1.5dB,最小均方差也明显降低,图像信号重构效果优于其它同类算法.     

基于弱选择正则化正交匹配追踪的图像重构算法

正则化正交匹配追踪算法由于重构效率高在信号重构中得到广泛应用,然而该算法需要以信号稀疏度为先验条件,若稀疏度水平估计不合适会造成重构结果不稳定.针对该问题,提出了一种基于弱选择正则化的正交匹配追踪算法.该算法可以实现在信号稀疏度未知的条件下,根据弱选择标准对算法中每次迭代产生的余量与观测矩阵之间的相关性进行判定,并且自适应地确定表示原信号的原子数目和原子候选集,进而通过正则化原则从候选集中快速有效地挑选出完成信号重构的最优原子组.数值实验表明,所提出算法和其它贪婪算法相比较,峰值信噪比提高0.5～1.5dB,最小均方差也明显降低,图像信号重构效果优于其它同类算法.     

基于基追踪去噪的水声正交频分复用稀疏信道估计

针对传统的l₂-范数信道估计精度低的问题, 提出了一种基于基追踪去噪(BPDN)的水声正交频分复用稀疏信道估计方法, 该方法针对水声信道的稀疏特性, 利用少量的观测值即可以很高的精度估计出信道冲激响应. 与贪婪追踪类算法相比, 基于BPDN算法的稀疏信号估计具有全局最优解, 采用l₂-l₁范数准则估计信号, 同时考虑了观测值含噪情况, 通过调整正则化参数控制估计信号稀疏度和残余误差之间的平衡. 仿真分析了导频分布、正则化参数等对BPDN 算法的影响以及BPDN算法与最小平方(LS)、正交匹配追踪(OMP)信道估计算法的性能. 湖试结果表明, 在稀疏信道下, 基于BPDN的信道估计方法明显优于LS和OMP信道估计方法.     

一种利用分布式传声器阵列的声源三维定位方法

为了提高噪声和混响条件下分布式传声器阵列进行声源定位的性能,提出一种利用空间稀疏性和压缩感知原理的声源三维定位方法。该方法首先通过两次离散余弦变换方式提取出声音信号特征,并用该特征来构建稀疏定位模型,以便能够综合利用语音信号的短时和长时特性,同时降低模型维数;然后利用在线字典学习技术动态调整字典,克服稀疏模型与实际信号之间的失配问题,增强稀疏定位模型的鲁棒性;进而提出一种改进的平滑l₀范数稀疏重构算法来进行声源位置解算,以提高低信噪比条件下的重构精度。仿真结果表明该方法不仅可以实现多目标定位,而且具有较强的抗噪声和抗混响能力.      

Three-dimensional sound source localization using distributed microphone arrays

To improve the performance of sound source localization based on distributed microphone arrays in noisy and reverberant environments,a sound source localization method was proposed.This method exploited the inherent spatial sparsity to convert the localization problem into a sparse recovery problem based on the compressive sensing(CS) theory.In this method two-step discrete cosine transform(DCT)-based feature extraction was utilized to cover both short-time and long-time properties of the signal and reduce the dimensions of the sparse model.Moreover,an online dictionary learning(DL) method was used to dynamically adjust the dictionary for matching the changes of audio signals,and then the sparse solution could better represent location estimations.In addition,we proposed an improved approximate l_0norm minimization algorithm to enhance reconstruction performance for sparse signals in low signal-noise ratio(SNR).The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by simulation results where the locations of multiple sources can be obtained in the noisy and reverberant conditions.     

Target parameter estimation for OTFS radar using sparse signal processing

In this paper, we consider a monostatic radar receiver for a joint communication and radar (JCR) system that transmits orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) frames for target detection and parameter estimation. The circular prolate pulse shape (CPPS) is employed over the OTFS signal as it has lower out-of-band (OoB) power radiation in comparison with the rectangular pulse shaped (RPS) OTFS. The PAPR of CPPS OTFS signal shows lowest value for larger frame duration and hence the signal can be considered to be a good candidate for JCR system. In the Delay-Doppler (DD) domain, the radar channel is sparse and therefore, we model the target detection problem as a sparse recovery problem to generate target profiles with higher peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR). The target detection is carried out in the DD domain, the time–frequency (TF) domain, and in the time domain (TD). Sparse signal recovery algorithms like the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, the subspace pursuit (SP) algorithm, and the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) based algorithm are used in target parameter estimation. The performance of these algorithms are compared in terms of their computational complexity, the root mean squared error (RMSE) in the estimates of range and velocity and PSLR value in the target profiles. Simulation results validate that the proposed CPPS OTFS based radar system could detect the targets accurately in all the three domains and produce target profiles with almost zero side lobes.     

Structured sublinear compressive sensing via belief propagation

Compressive sensing (CS) is a sampling technique designed for reducing the complexity of sparse data acquisition. One of the major obstacles for practical deployment of CS techniques is the signal reconstruction time and the high storage cost of random sensing matrices. We propose a new structured compressive sensing scheme, based on codes of graphs, that allows for a joint design of structured sensing matrices and logarithmic-complexity reconstruction algorithms. The compressive sensing matrices can be shown to offer asymptotically optimal performance when used in combination with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) methods. For reduced-complexity greedy reconstruction schemes, we propose a new family of list-decoding belief propagation algorithms, as well as reinforced and multiple-basis belief propagation (BP) algorithms. Our simulation results indicate that reinforced BP CS schemes offer very good complexity–performance tradeoffs for very sparse signal vectors.     

兰姆波检测信号的匹配追踪时频分析

为有效去除兰姆波检测信号中的冗余信息和识别多个模态,应用匹配追踪方法对兰姆波信号进行处理。在Chirplet原子基础上添加弯曲算子进行改进,以更好地匹配频散和多模式兰姆波信号的特征。由改进的Chirplet原子组成过完备字典,使用基于遗传算法的匹配追踪(GAMP)信号稀疏分解方法,从过完备字典中选出与待分析信号相匹配的最佳原子,利用最佳匹配原子和对应的分解系数进行信号重构和时频分析。研究结果表明,改进后的Chirplet原子更能反映出兰姆波信号的非线性时频变化特征,得到的时频分布与频散曲线的弯曲特性能很好的吻合。采用改进后的Chirplet原子匹配追踪方法可以获取更加精确的走时信息,为后续兰姆波损伤定位成像奠定基础。      

Broadband underwater multi-source localization with a computationally efficient coherent OMP algorithm

In this paper, we propose a broadband coherent matched-field processing (MFP) algorithm to solve multi-source localization problems in shallow water scenarios. The proposed algorithm combines the matched-phase coherent processor with the sparse recovery technique from compressive sensing (CS) theory. A greedy sparse recovery algorithm is adopted to iteratively locate multiple sources using a matched-phase coherent processor. At each iteration of the greedy algorithm, the data is processed coherently using the phase descent search (PDS) algorithm, rather than the incoherent methods used in many sparse recovery algorithms, such as the classical orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. The phase shifts between different frequencies are estimated and compensated, such that the performance can be greatly enhanced. The proposed algorithm is applied to simulated data, synthesized data, and data collected in the SWellEx-96 shallow water experiment. The result provides sparse localization information that matches the ground truth source locations in the simulation and the source trajectory calculated from the Global Positioning System (GPS) information from the experiment.     

Photoacoustic image reconstruction based on Bayesian compressive sensing algorithm

The photoacoustic tomography (PAT) method, based on compressive sensing (CS) theory, requires that, for the CS reconstruction, the desired image should have a sparse representation in a known transform domain. However, the sparsity of photoacoustic signals is destroyed because noises always exist. Therefore, the original sparse signal cannot be effectively recovered using the general reconstruction algorithm. In this study, Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) is employed to obtain highly sparse representations of photoacoustic images based on a set of noisy CS measurements. Results of simulation demonstrate that the BCS-reconstructed image can achieve superior performance than other state-of-the-art CS-reconstruction algorithms.     

面向低信噪比的自适应压缩感知方法

在压缩感知工程应用中, 信号往往被噪声和干扰所影响, 常规的压缩感知方法难以达到理想的重构效果, 特别是低信噪比应用场景中, 稀疏重构往往会失效. 分析了压缩感知中噪声对重构性能的影响, 从理论上解释了压缩感知中的噪声折叠原理, 并在此基础上提出了一种基于方向性测量的自适应压缩感知方案. 该方案通过后端信号处理系统估计出噪声的相关信息并反馈至压缩感知前端, 前端根据反馈的噪声信息调整测量矩阵, 从而改变感知矩阵的方向, 自适应地感知稀疏谱, 从而有效地抑制信号噪声. 仿真实验表明, 所提的自适应压缩感知方法对稀疏信号重构性能有较大的提升.     

基于贪婪稀疏方法的心脏磁场源重构

心脏磁场源重构, 即通过人体胸腔表面的磁场阵列测量信号反演产生该磁场的电流源分布, 是一种无创地研究心脏电活动的方法. 本文用线性化方程描述测量磁场与心脏内部电流源的关系, 并通过一种贪婪优化的方法得到了源重构的稀疏解. 通过近似正交化过程和改变迭代算法中原子的选择方式, 降低了优化算法的复杂度, 可在保证源重构精度的情况下, 快速搜索源空间中强度比较大的位置. 文中通过一组正常人的心磁测量数据, 说明了源重构方法的有效性. 这组数据的研究结果表明, 强度大于65%的重构电流源的空间移动轨迹与心脏除极和复极电活动的传导过程基本符合. 其QRS 和ST-T 段的实测心磁图与重构电流源产生的磁场图的平均拟合优度分别为99.36%和99.78%. 关键词： 心磁图 逆问题 稀疏解 正交匹配追踪