0.73～1.7μm超宽带微纳光纤波导全光调制器

提出了单层石墨烯包裹双锥形微纳光纤复合波导结构,构建了730~1 700nm超宽带微纳光纤波导全光调制器。通过火焰拉锥法将一根标准的通信单模光纤拉成具有双锥形的微纳光纤,在保证通光率的前提下可以极大的提升微纳光纤处的倏逝波与物质的相互作用。利用石墨烯的"超级特征",即单原子层厚度、线性色散的能带结构、超强的载流子带间跃迁及极短的弛豫时间和超宽带光与物质相互作用等,将单层石墨烯作为可饱和吸收体,包裹在双锥形微纳光纤波导的锥体上,以增强该复合波导表面倏逝波与石墨烯的相互作用。静态和动态全光调制实验中采用传统808nm低功率LD作为泵浦光,对谱宽为480~1 700nm的超连续谱探测光实现了光光调制,其泵浦光功率低于50mW,调制深度大于5.7dB,调制速率达到~4kHz。该微纳光纤波导全光调制器,在保证调制深度的情况下,用更低的泵浦功率实现了超宽带的全光调制,以简单、有效、廉价的方式兼容了当前高速光纤通信网络,打开了一扇未来对微纳超快光信号处理的大门。     

基于石墨烯的宽带全光空间调制器

提出了单层石墨烯包裹微纳光纤的全光空间调制.石墨烯作为可饱和吸收体包裹在通过二氧化碳激光器加热制备的微纳光纤上,当信号光沿着微纳光纤传输时部分光将以倏逝场的形式沿着微纳光纤表面传递,并与石墨烯产生作用被吸收.同时将波长为808 nm的抽运光从空间垂直入射到石墨烯包裹的微纳光纤处,依据石墨烯的优先吸收特性,通过抽运光控制石墨烯对信号光的吸收,实现了宽带全光空间调制.在1095 nm波长处获得最大调制深度约为6 dB,调制带宽约为50 nm,调制速率约为1.5 kHz.空间全光调制器具有输出信号光“干净”的特点.与传统石墨烯微纳光纤全光调制器相比,输出端不需要对抽运光进行光学滤波而直接获得已调信号.该复合波导全光空间调制器以更为灵活、高效的方式打开了微纳超快信号处理的大门.     

基于倏逝场耦合的石墨烯波导光传输相位特性仿真与实验研究

石墨烯材料应用到各种光波导器件中正成为新一代光子器件的重要发展方向之一,目前基于石墨烯的光纤和集成光子器件研究越来越受到国内外的重视. 本文建立了一种由微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场,并在石墨烯薄膜中传输的模型. 通过有限元分析法,研究了光在这种石墨烯波导中传输光场的强度分布和相位特性,并通过实验进行了验证. 结果表明,沿着微纳光纤-石墨烯光波导传播的倏逝场的强度分布和相位均受石墨烯材料作用,石墨烯材料能有效聚集和导行波导中传输的高阶模,在单位传输长度上具有更密集的等相位面. 本文提出了一种利用微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场研究石墨烯相位响应特性的新方法,对基于石墨烯波导的新型调制器、滤波器、激光器和传感器等光子器件的设计和应用具有一定的参考意义. 关键词： 石墨烯平面光波导 倏逝波 光场强度 相位     

国产泵浦增益一体化复合功能激光光纤实现8.74 kW激光输出

正高功率光纤激光器一般采用信号光与MOPA放大级的"1+1"型串联结构,而第二级的MOPA放大结构通常存在两种结构方式:其一是短距离集中式端面泵浦方式,包括正向端泵和反向端泵,后者具有一定的技术优势,有利于实现窄线宽激光输出;其二是长距离分布式侧面泵浦方式,其工作原理是基于倏逝波耦合效应来实现数十米长度的长程侧面耦合,其典型代表是泵浦增益一体化复合功能激光光纤(又被称为"GT-wave光     

基于石墨烯表面等离激元的双支节结构光电调制器

构建了一种含双支节结构的石墨烯/介质/石墨烯亚波长波导结构。该结构将支节结构的选频特性和石墨烯的电可调特性相结合,能够实现在可见光到中红外范围内对入射光光强的动态调制。表面等离激元将光能量局限在纳米尺度的介质狭缝中,使调制器突破衍射极限,并且增强了石墨烯与光的相互作用。利用有限元法分析了石墨烯的化学势、支节长度以及介质材料对波导结构输出光强的影响。仿真结果表明:当入射波长为1550nm、支节长度为315nm、化学势由0.80eV下降到0.78eV时,消光比可达到6.77dB。与传统调制器相比,所提光电调制器能够在保证高消光比的同时具有较高的调制效率,并且体积小、结构简单紧凑,可满足大规模集成应用的要求。     

光学隧穿现象的实验研究

回顾了光学隧穿效应的历史背景和广泛的应用价值,分析光疏介质中倏逝场存在的理论依据及倏逝场的性质,得到相应的倏逝波透射率公式;理论模拟了透过率与间隙厚度、入射光波长、入射角度的关系,并从实验上予以透过率与间隙厚度变化关系的佐证.     

熔锥型光纤反射器特性研究

分析并验证了光纤反射器的透过率在［0，1］范围内与耦合器耦合比偏离50∶50的程度呈二次曲线关系.环形腔中光纤的弯曲对透过率的影响不大，然而径向挤压和扭转通过双折射对透过率的影响比较明显，环境温度则通过耦合比来影响透过率.宽带3dB耦合器构成的反射器，对宽带光波几乎具备“全反射”功能.透过光形成的初期会出现一个脉冲，脉冲的上升沿时间和下降沿时间随入射光强的增加而缩短，脉宽与稳态输出光强则随入射光强的增加而增大.     

基于光栅反馈技术的掺铥光纤随机激光器

提出一种基于光栅反馈技术的掺铥光纤随机激光器。激光器采用半开腔设计,封闭端采用中心波长为1 940 nm的高反射率光纤光栅为激光器系统提供强反馈,增益介质采用1.5 m长的掺铥光纤,泵浦源采用793 nm半导体激光器,开放端采用光纤随机光栅提供随机分布反馈。该光纤随机光栅由飞秒激光逐点刻写技术制备,在10 cm单模光纤上刻写超过6 000个间距随机分布的折射率畸变点,以增强光纤的后向瑞利散射效应。实验测得中心波长为1 940 nm的随机激光输出,其泵浦阈值为2.33 W,在3.8 W泵浦功率下的输出功率为57 mW,光信噪比达56 dB。输出激光在1 h内的波长偏移量小于0.1 nm,功率变化约0.26 dB,具有良好的稳定性。     

高功率全光纤激光器特性

介绍了采用国产光纤光栅研制的全光纤激光器,单端泵浦获得468 W的连续激光输出。从理论上分析了光纤光栅的反射率与波长的关系,计算了输出谱宽值,与实验测得的数据相符。全光纤激光器的光-光转换效率达到70%,且随着功率的增加,光纤光栅的中心波长有向长波方向漂移的趋势。在最高输出功率下180 s之内输出功率波动在0.04%以内。     

基于倏逝波照明的空间移频超分辨成像技术研究

空间移频超分辨成像技术利用样品表面的微纳结构对照明倏逝波的散射,使其转换为传播波,并将倏逝波携带的高频空间信息转换成低频信息,可被远场的显微物镜所接收,实现超分辨成像.其极限分辨率由照明的倏逝波波长决定,但分辨率仅在倏逝波波矢方向上有提升.在现有的棱镜全反射倏逝波生成方案中,倏逝波的最短波长受棱镜折射率的限制,因此其最高分辨率也受限制;且生成的倏逝波波矢为单一方向,因此分辨率存在方向差异性.为解决上述问题,建立了完整的空间移频超分辨成像仿真模型,并提出了一种新型倏逝波生成方案,可利用微纳结构产生波长更短、具有全方向波矢的倏逝波.结果显示,新方案可产生波长更短的倏逝波,并消除成像分辨率的方向差异性,从而避免现有方案中的多方位成像和图像后处理.空间移频超分辨成像技术具有大视场、高分辨、结构简单、操作方便、无需逐点扫描、可与普通光学显微镜兼容等优点,改进后将具有更广阔的应用空间.     

基于飞秒激光抽运的石墨烯包裹微光纤波导结构的级联四波混频研究

基于石墨烯的光学非线性特性和器件研究正在成为新一代微纳光子器件的一个重要方向. 采用峰值功率为kW量级的飞秒脉冲抽运和P型掺杂石墨烯薄膜包裹的微光纤所构成的复合波导结构, 在1550 nm波段成功激发并观察到级联四波混频现象. 实验 结果表明, 这种P型掺杂石墨烯包裹的微光纤复合波导具有非线性系数高、结构紧凑, 可承受高功率和超快响应的特点, 对基于该结构的级联四波混频特性的研究在基于超快光学的多波长光源、光参量放大以及全光再生等领域具有参考价值和应用意义     

Optimum coupling and efficiency of dye lasers

Evanescent waves and fields play an important role in microwaves, quantum mechanics, optics and elastic waves. Because electromagnetic waves in waveguides have dispersion characteristics similar to those of a unidimensional de Broglie wave, there is a close analogy between quantum mechanical tunneling and the transition through an attenuating sector of a waveguide. Microwave “evanescent mode” filters, quantummechanical tunneling resonance and optical frustrated total internal reflection filters are compared in light of this analogy. The flowgraph technique and “unit real” function representation are shown to be effective in discussing the interdependence of incident and reflected waves in various locations in multilayered structures. In electrognetic and elastic waves, the role of evanescent waves is significant in the case of incident beams of limited extent. The role of equivalent circuits of transverse resonance is discussed in the context of oscillatory natural modes determining the character of propagating fields.     

Linearly polarised three-colour lasing emission from an evanescent wave pumped and gain coupled fibre laser

A novel Whispering--Gallery--Mode (WGM) fibre laser, emitting linearly polarised three-colour light, is demonstrated by pumping and gain coupling with evanescent waves. The pump light is longitudinally coupled into a bare optical fibre immersed in a dye solution of lower refractive index. The dye molecules around the bare fibre are excited by the evanescent waves of pump light when they propagate along the fibre in a total internal reflection. When the pump beam within the fibre is a meridian beam, the WGM lasing emission from the fibre laser is a linearly polarised transverse electric wave, while it is a mixed wave of the linearly polarised transverse electric and magnetic waves if the pump beam is a skew beam within the fibre. Because the excited molecules are located within the evanescent field of WGM, a good spatial overlap between the dye gain and the evanescent field leads to a high pumping efficiency and a longer gain distance along the fibre. Once the bare fibre is inserted into three glass capillaries filled with Rhodamine 6G, 610 and 640 dye solutions, respectively, WGM laser oscillations at the wavelengths of 567--575, 605--614 and 656--666~nm occur simultaneously, and a linearly polarised three-colour lasing emission is achieved in a single optical fibre.     

Nanoscopic photodeposited structures analyzed by an evanescent optical method

The evanescent field propagating in waveguides was used to evaluate the profile and growth rate of laser photodeposited a-Se. A pulsed KrF excimer laser was used for deposition. The differential-evanescent light leaking image, was used to analyze the nanostructures in the deposited zones. The relation between the emerging light intensity of the evanescent wave and the optical light intensity propagating in the waveguide was connected to an effective range of the evanescent wave leaking power into the deposited material. The technique provides the nanometric profiles of the ultra-thin photodeposited structures.     

Ultrafast femtosecond all-optical modulation through nondegenerate two-photon absorption in silicon-on-insulator waveguides

We present numerical investigations of ultrafast femtosecond (with time duration of 100 fs at 1/e intensity point) all-optical modulation of a pump-probe wave arrangement by using nondegenerate two-photon absorption (TPA), namely cross absorption, inside silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical waveguides. Our results show that when a pump pulse with femtosecond duration and a continuous probe wave are co-propagating along the SOI, the probe wave can be modulated inversely by the ultrafast pump pulse, whose modulation depth depends strongly on the system parameters such as the waveguide length, the peak power and initial chirp of the pump wave, the group velocity dispersion (GVD), etc.; this means that the modulation depth can be improved by an appropriate increase of the waveguide length, the pump peak, and the initial chirp, in addition, which has a larger value for the probe wavelength in the normal dispersion regime compared with the case of abnormal dispersion when the center wavelength of the pump wave is located at the zero-dispersion wavelength.     

Effects of finite probe intensity on degenerate frequency mixing in saturable amplifiers

Phase conjugation by degenerate frequency mixing (DFM) in saturable amplifiers, including the effects of pump depletion, a non-zero incident probe wave intensity and saturated gain of all waves in the nonlinear medium, is analyzed numerically. Plane wave DFM reflectivities greater than unity are predicted, even in the presence of pump depletion, for sufficiently large amplifier gains. At a given level of incident probe-wave intensity the DFM reflectivity approaches its weak probe-wave value at sufficiently large incident pump intensities, but deviates from these values at lower pump intensities. Conditions are established under which the DFM reflectivity is effectively independent of the incident probe-wave intensity even when the incident pump intensity is smaller than that of the incident probe wave. Under these conditions the system holds the potential for faithful conjugation using pump waves that are considerably weaker than the probe waves being conjugated. The results also predict that under certain conditions, the intensity of the backward-generated wave can be larger than either the incident probe wave or the incident pump wave.     

抽运光与信号光的光强重叠因子和掺铒玻璃波导放大器的增益特性

在掺铒玻璃波导放大器（EDWA）的三能级速率-传输方程中,考虑两次离子交换工艺中波导掩模窗口宽度w不同所导致的抽运光、信号光模场与光强分布的不同,讨论不同w对EDWA增益特性的影响,得到光强分布的数值解.引入描述波导中抽运光和信号光的归一化光强重叠因子,对EDWA的传统近似解提出修正,得到了修正解,使其更加接近光强分布的数值解.模拟结果表明,在条波导长度为4 cm、抽运光波长为980 nm、功率为80 mW、信号光波长为1534 nm、功率为-10 dBm条件下,不同w所导致EDWA的增益差别可达297 dB.修正解的结果比传统近似解更加接近光强分布的数值解.修正解对于EDWA的理论研究、器件设计具有指导作用. 关键词： 集成光学 掺铒玻璃波导放大器 重叠积分因子 增益