有机半导体的电子电离能、亲和势和极化能的密度泛函理论研究

准确预测有机半导体的能级(如电子电离能和亲和势等)对设计新型有机半导体材料和理解相关机理至关重要。从理论计算的角度看,主要挑战来自于缺少一种不仅能够在定性上合理而且在定量上精确预测,同时并不显著增加计算成本的理论方法。本文中,我们证明了通过结合极化连续介质模型(PCM)和"最优调控"区间分离密度泛函方法能够准确预测一系列有机半导体的电子电离能(IP)、亲和势(EA)和极化能,其预测结果与实验数据吻合得很好。重要的是,经过调控后分子的前线分子轨道能量(即-~εHOMO和-~εLUMO)与对应的IP和EA计算值很接近。调控方法的成功可以进一步归因于其能够根据不同分子体系或同种分子所处的不同状态(气态和固态)"最优"地平衡泛函中分别用于描述电子局域化和离域化的作用。相比而言,其它常见的密度泛函方法由于包含的HF%比例过低(如PBE)或过高(如M06HF和未调控的区间分离泛函),均不能给予合理的预测。因此,我们相信这种PCM-调控的方法能够为研究其它更加复杂的有机体系的能级问题提供一种更加可靠和便捷的理论工具。     

靛蓝及其取代物的密度泛函理论研究

运用量子化学中密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,在B3LYP／6-31G^ 水平上对靛蓝及其芳环4,4′-,5,5′-,6,6′-,7,7′-取代衍生物进行理论计算．探讨了F,Cl,Br,NO2,CH3O,CH3在不同位置的取代对分子的几何构型、电子结构和电子光谱的影响,获得与实验结果相一致的结论．还用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法在相同水平计算其电子光谱．结果表明靛蓝及其芳环取代衍生物的最低激发单重态(S1)均源自HOMO-LUMO(π-π^*)跃迁．     

密度泛函理论及其数值方法新进展

综述了密度泛函理论及其数值方法的最新进展.密度泛函理论的发展以寻找合适 的交换相关近似为主线,从最初的局域密度近似、广义梯度近似到现在的非局域泛函、自相 互作用修正,多种泛函形式的相继出现使得密度泛函理论可以提供越来越精确的计算结果. 除了交换相关近似的发展,近年来密度泛函理论向含时理论、相对论等方面的扩展也很活跃 .另外,在密度泛函理论体系发展的同时,相应的数值计算方法的发展也非常迅速.从古老 的有限差分、有限元到新兴的小波分析都被用来实现密度泛函理论的数值计算.与此同时, 线性标度的密度泛函理论算法日趋成熟,使得通过密度泛函理论研究诸如生物大分子之类的 体系成为可能.随着密度泛函理论本身及其数值方法的发展,它的应用也越来越广泛,一些新的应用领域和研究方向不断涌现.     

稠环芳烃菲电子激发态的含时密度泛函理论研究

用含时密度泛函理论TD-DFT及组态相关CIS、含时TD-HF方法对菲的UV光谱进行了理论研究,在几何构型优化的基础上,计算了其垂直电子激发能．计算表明,基函数的选择对激发能的计算影响较大,而不同的密度泛函交换一相关势对其影响较小,这和轨道能级的系统误差相互抵消有关．对菲的电子跃迁能的计算,与实验结果比较相一致,理论与实验的误差和不同的实验之间的误差在同一个数量级之内,显示TD-DFT方法比CIS,TD-HF方法更适合电子激发能的计算．     

线型碳链PC2nP的结构和电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G**和B3LYP/6-311G**水平上优化得到了线型簇合物PC2nP(n=1-10)的基态平衡几何构型,计算了它们的谐振动频率.在基态平衡构型下,利用含时密度泛函理论,计算得到了簇合物PC2nP(n=1-10)的垂直激发能和相应的振子强度,导出了激发能与体系大小n的解析关系式.     

双核镉配聚物及其衍生物荧光光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用DFT-B3LYP/6-31+G(d)方法,对配聚物[Cd2Cl4(Hbm)2]及其6种衍生物([M2-Cl4(HbmL)2],M=Zn2+,Hg2+;L=-CH3;-NH2;-CN)基态结构进行优化,用TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G(d)方法计算其吸收光谱;同时用HF-CIS/6-31G(d)方法优化其最低激发单重态的几何结构,用含时密度泛函理论计算发射光谱.结果表明:电子在基态与激发态间的跃迁,主要是在卤素配体Cl到金属离子M的电荷转移(LMCL);发射光谱峰的计算最大值与实验值基本符合.改变中心金属离子M和咪唑环上的5位取代基可以精细地调控发光材料的光谱波段.     

苯并咪唑羧酸及其碱土金属配合物电子光谱性质的含时密度泛函及其概念密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及B3 LYlP泛函在6-311++G**水平上,对苯并咪唑羧酸(L)及其3种碱土金属配合物ML(M=Mg,Ca,Ba)的基态(S0)结构进行优化,用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)在6-311++G**水平下计算其吸收光谱.用单激发组态相互作用(CIS)法在HF/6-31+G*上优化其最低激发单重态(S1)的几何结构,用ID-DFT B3IYP/6-311++G**计算其发射光谱.结果表明,配体L与M(Ⅱ)结合成ML后,随原子序数的增大(Mg相似文献   

菱形石墨炔薄膜He分离特性的密度泛函理论研究

氦气在科学和工业等领域中都具有不可替代的作用,其主要存在于天然气中。如何高效地从天然气中分离氦气显得至关重要。本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)方法系统地探究了菱形石墨炔(rhombic-graphyne,R-GY)分离膜对He和其他天然气组分(Ne、Ar、CO_2、N_2和CH_4)的吸附、选择和渗透性能。结果表明,R-GY作为He分离膜可同时满足高选择性和高渗透率的要求。常温下,R-GY薄膜对He/Ne、He/CO_2、He/N_2、He/Ar和He/CH_4的选择性可分别达到2?10~7、3?10~(20)、9?10~(26)、7?10~(37)和5?10~(51),即使在600 K时仍可保持较高水平。此外,由于较低的扩散能垒,He穿透R-GY薄膜的渗透率在常温下可达到10~(-6) mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1),高出工业标准近3个数量级;而其他气体组分在常温下的渗透率仅为10~(-58)-10~(-14) mol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)·Pa~(-1),气体无法渗透R-GY薄膜。     

密度泛函理论处理激发态与多重态结构研究进展

用密度泛函理论处理分子激发态和电子多重态结构是密度泛函理论发展的重要方面, 研究工作一直很活跃。本文对近年来在这一领域取得的重要进展作简要的综述。     

用含时密度泛函方法研究和设计推拉结构的荧光分子

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)方法及连续极化模型研究了六种荧光材料分子基态和第一激发态的电子结构性质.这六种分子是:3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(3-[9-(2-乙基-己基)-咔唑基]-乙烯基)环己烷(DCDHCC),DCDHCC2,3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(4-二苯基氨基-苯乙烯基)环己烷(DCDPC),DCDPC2,3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(4-[9-咔唑基]-乙烯基)环己烷(DCDCC)和3-(二氰亚甲基)-5,5-二甲基-1-(4-二甲基氨基-苯乙烯基)环己烷(DCDDC).它们可作为有机发光显示器件的发光材料.比较了PBE0、M06、BMK、M062X和CAM-B3LYP五种泛函,其中BMK方法很好地再现了各个分子在丙酮溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱.同时计算了分子的电子亲和能和电离势并用于评价分子的电荷注入性质.研究表明,当使用双π桥和双受体时,分子的发射光谱会红移到理想的发光区域.据此设计了两个新的分子DCDCC2和DCDDC2,它们分别是DCDCC和DCDDC的双支对应分子.计算结果表明这两个分子也具有作为荧光发射体的良好性质.     

Studies on Optical Properties of Si220 Nanoclusters via Time-dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations

The optical properties of bare and hydrogen passivated Si₂₂₀ nanoclusters(NCs) in four typical motifs(i.e., bulk-like, onion-like, bucky-diamond and icosahedral motifs) were studied via time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT) calculations. The calculation results show that there is a significant blue shift in the optical absorption spectra when the Si NCs are passivated with hydrogen. A strong absorption peak in the visible light region appears for the hydrogenated bulk-like, onion-like and bucky-diamond Si NCs.     

密度泛函理论下的电负性均衡及应用

以密度泛函理论为框架,综述电负性和电负性均衡理论的发展及其在探讨各种分子性质时的应用。     

元素电负性和硬度的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论的DFT LDA、DFT LDA/NL和改进的Slater过渡态方法,把元素的电离能和电子亲合能的计算扩展到周期表的103种元素.并用有限差分方法计算了这103种元素的电负性和硬度.计算中考虑了相对论效应.计算结果比以前Robles等用密度泛函理论的XGL和Xα近似的交换相关泛函的计算结果有所改进,更接近实验值.     

Density Functional Theory as a Data Science

The development of density functional theory (DFT) functionals and physical corrections are reviewed focusing on the physical meanings and the semiempirical parameters from the viewpoint of data science. This review shows that DFT exchange‐correlation functionals have been developed under many strict physical conditions with minimizing the number of the semiempirical parameters, except for some recent functionals. Major physical corrections for exchange‐correlation function‐ als are also shown to have clear physical meanings independent of the functionals, though they inevitably require minimum semiempirical parameters dependent on the functionals combined. We, therefore, interpret that DFT functionals with physical corrections are the most sophisticated target functions that are physically legitimated, even from the viewpoint of data science.     

平行硬壁间荷电硬球流体的密度泛函理论研究

基于经典流体的密度泛函理论并结合改进的基本度量理论, 研究了受限于平行硬壁间的荷电硬球流体的平衡密度分布. 通过对比有、无外电场时分子数密度分布的相应变化情况, 分析了荷电硬球分子间的库仑排斥势能与场致势能间的竞争作用, 研究了电场对于受限荷电硬球流体系统聚集态结构的影响.     

Density Functional Theory Calculations on Ni-Ligand Bond Dissociation Enthalpies

The formation and breaking of Ni-L (L=N-heterocyclic carbene, tertiary phosphine etc.) bond is involved in many Ni-catalyzed/mediated reactions. The accurate prediction of Ni-L bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) is potentially important to understand these Ni-complex involving reactions. We assess the accuracy of diffierent DFT functionals (such as B3LYP, M06, MPWB1K, etc.) and diffierent basis sets, including both effective core potentials for Ni and the all electron basis sets for all other atoms in predicting the Ni-L BDE values reported recently by Nolan et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 10490 (2003) and Organometallics 27, 3181 (2008)]. It is found that the MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31+G(d,p)//MPWB1K/LanL2DZ:6-31G(d) method gives the best correlations with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the solvent effect calculations (with CPCM, PCM, and SMD models) indicate that both CPCM and PCM perform well.     

Density functional theory study of high-pressure behavior of crystalline hexanitrostilbene

A detailed study of the structural, electronic, and absorption properties of crystalline hexanitrostilbene (HNS) under hydrostatic pressure of 0–80 GPa was performed with density functional theory. The results show that the structure is much stiffer in the b and c direction than along the a axis, showing that the compressibility of HNS crystal is anisotropic. As the pressure increases, the band gap gradually decreases. An analysis of density of states shows that the electronic delocalization in HNS gradually increases under the influence of pressure. An understanding of the stabilities of HNS under compression based on the electronic structure shows that an applied pressure increases the impact sensitivity of HNS to detonation initiation. As the pressure increases, HNS has relatively high optical activity. The absorption spectra of HNS at high-pressure display a few, strong bands in the fundamental absorption region.     

Density Functional Theory Study on Interaction between Catechin and Thymine

The interacting patterns and mechanism of the catechin and thymine have been investigated with the density functional theory Becke's three-parameter nonlocal exchange functional and the Lee, Yang, and Parr nonlocal correlation functional (B3LYP) method by 6-31+G*basis set. Thirteen stable structures for the catechin-thymine complexes have been found which form two hydrogen bonds at least. The vibrational frequencies are also studied at the same level to analyze these complexes. The results indicated that catechin interactedwith thymine by three different hydrogen bonds as N-H…O、C-H…O、O-H…O and the complexes are mainly stabilized by the hydrogen bonding interactions. Theories of atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital have been adopted to investigate the hydrogen bondsinvolved in all systems. The interaction energies of all complexes have been corrected for basis set superposition error, which are from -18.15 kJ/mol to -32.99 kJ/mol. The results showed that the hydrogen bonding contribute to the interaction energies dominantly. The corresponding bonds stretching motions in all complexes are red-shifted relative to that of the monomer, which is in agreement with experimental results.     

Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Metallotriphenylcorroles

The infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra were measured for the metallotriph-enylcorroles (MTPCs, M=Cu, Co, Ni, Mn). The ground-state structures and vibrational spectra of MTPCs have been calculated with the density functional theory. The observedRaman and IR bands have been assigned based on the calculation results. Due to the symmetry lowering, the vibrational spectra of MTPCs are much more complex than metal-loporphyrins, and several skeletal modes are found strongly coupled to the phenyl vibrations.The relationship between the Raman/IR frequencies and the structures of TPC ring is in-vestigated. It is found that the vibrations involving the C^I_αC^I_α stretch and C_αC_mstretch are sensitive to the size of corrole core. In particular, the frequency of υ₅, which is assigned to C^I_αC^I_α stretch in coupling with the C_αC_m symmetric stretch, increases linearly with the decrease of the corrole core-sizes and may be used as a mark band to evaluate the structural change of the metallocorroles.