共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
多氯联苯醚的结构参数和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对209个多氯联苯醚(PCDEs)系列化合物进行了全优化和振动分析计算, 得到各分子的结构参数和热力学性质, 并研究了这些参数与氯原子的取代位置及取代数目(NPCS)之间的关系. 结果表明: 分子平均极化率(α)、焓(HӨ)、自由能(GӨ)、恒容热容( )和熵(SӨ)与NPCS之间有很强的相关性(相关性系数r2分别为0.9955, 1.0000, 1.0000, 0.9918, 0.9995), 分子体积(Vm)和最高占据轨道能(EHOMO)与NPCS也有较好的相关性, 相关性系数r2分别为0.9735和0.9362. 设计等键反应, 计算了PCDEs系列化合物的标准生成热(ΔfHӨ)和标准生成自由能(ΔfGӨ). 根据异构体自由能的相对大小, 从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序. 相似文献
3.
多氯代菲分子结构和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上对527个多氯代菲分子的几何结构进行了全优化并计算得到它们的热力学性质(等容热容( )、熵(S$)、标准生成焓(ΔfH$)和标准生成Gibbs自由能(ΔfG$)), 研究了这些性质与取代的氯原子数目和位置的关系, 根据各异构体的相对标准生成Gibbs自由能(Δr,fG$)的大小, 得到它们的热力学稳定性顺序. 计算结果表明: 绝大多数多氯代菲分子具有非平面的几何构型, 在多氯代菲分子中存在三种类型的分子内弱相互作用(H…H、C—H…Cl和Cl…Cl相互作用), 随着分子中取代的氯原子数目的增加, 多氯代菲最稳定异构体的ΔfH$和ΔfG$开始时逐渐减小, 然后又快速增加. 具有相同数目氯原子的多氯代菲异构体的ΔfH$和ΔfG$与氯原子的取代位置有很大的关系. 多氯代菲异构体的相对热力学稳定性主要由分子内的离域π键和Cl…Cl核排斥作用的强弱决定. 相似文献
4.
多氯二苯硫醚结构参数和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对209个多氯二苯硫醚(PCDS)系列化合物进行了全优化计算, 得到各分子的结构参数和热力学参数. 研究了这些参数与氯原子在苯环各位置的取代数目和相互位置(NPCS)之间的关系发现: 分子平均极化率(α)、焓(H $)、自由能(G $)、恒容热容( )和熵(S $)与NPCS之间有很强的相关性, 相关性系数r2>0.988, 分子体积(Vm)、最高占据轨道能(EHOMO)和最低未占据轨道能(ELUMO)与NPCS也有较好的相关性, 相关性系数r2分别为0.949, 0.894和0.915. 设计等键反应, 计算了PCDS各异构体的标准生成热(ΔfH $)和标准生成自由能(ΔfG $). 根据异构体自由能的相对大小, 求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序. 相似文献
5.
6.
使用Gaussian 03程序,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对136个多氯代9,10-菲醌(PCPQ)系列化合物进行全优化和振动分析,得到各分子在298.15K、101.3kPa状态下的优势构型.结合Gaussian 03程序的输出文件,计算了PCPQ化合物在200K至1 000K的摩尔恒压热容(Cp,m).用SPSS13.0对Cp,m与温度进行多元线性回归.结果表明:氯原子取代模式对PCPQ化合物的扭角A(C4-C9-C10-C5)有很大的影响;与此同时,Cp,m与T,T-1和T-2之间有着很好的相关性(r2=1.00). 相似文献
7.
多氯联苯系列化合物的热力学性质和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上计算了218个多氯联苯系列化合物(PCB), 得到分子总能量(ET)、焓(H°)、熵(S°)、自由能(G°)、零点振动能(EZPV)、恒容热容(CV°)和热能校正值(Eth), 研究了这些参数与氯原子的取代数目及取代位置的关系.氯原子置换在不同的位置使ET, H°和G°数值增加的顺序为: 2(6)位>>3(5)位>4位, 即置换在2(6)位最不稳定; 两个氯原子在同一苯环比分别处于两个苯环的ET, H°和G°增大, 增加的顺序为: 邻位>>间位>对位, 即相互处于邻位最不稳定. 每增加1个氯原子, S°增大约30 J•(mol•K)-1, Eth减小约22.2 kJ•mol-1, EZPV减小约25.5 kJ•mol-1, CV°增大约16 J•(mol•K)-1. 根据异构体自由能的相对大小, 从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序. 相似文献
8.
9.
多溴二苯并呋喃的热力学性质和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对二苯并呋喃和135个多溴二苯并呋喃系列化合物(PBDF)进行了全优化计算和振动分析, 得到各分子的总能量(ET)、焓(H0)、熵(S0)、自由能(G0)和恒容热容(CV0), 研究了这些参数与溴原子的取代数目及取代位置的关系. 溴原子置换在不同位置时, 使ET, H0和G0数值增加大小次序为: 1(9)>3(7)>2(8)>4(6), 即置换在1(9)位最不稳定; 两个溴原子处在同一苯环时, ET, H0和G0数值也都增加, 增加的顺序为: 邻>>间>对, 即相互处于邻位最不稳定. 而且有两个溴原子同时取代在1和9位时, 使H0和G0的数值的增加比取代在邻位、间位和对位时的增加值都大. 每增加1个溴原子, S0增大约40.1 J•mol-1•K-1, CV0增大约16.3 J•mol-1•K-1. 同时, 设计等键反应, 计算了各异构体的标准生成热(Hf0)和标准生成自由能(Gf0). 根据异构体自由能的相对大小, 从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序, 各异构体组中的稳定性顺序与PCDF系列的稳定性顺序基本一致. 相似文献
10.
在甲苯溶剂中利用缓慢蒸发法得到1-(4-氯苯基)-4,4-二甲基-3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑基甲基)戊醇-3(戊唑醇)的单晶,通过 X射线单晶结构分析法测定其晶体结构,晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c,晶胞参数为:a = 1.1645(1) nm,b = 1.6768(2) nm,c = 1.7478(2) nm,β= 92.055(2),Dcalc.= 1.199 g/cm3,Z = 4,F(000)= 264。运用密度泛函理论 (DFT) B3LYP得到其优化几何构型并得到其频率。计算得到的结构参数与相应的实验值十分接近。运用微热量仪对标题物进行比热容测定,在所测温度范围283~353 K内,比热容随温度呈稳定的线性变化,根据测定的比热容方程,计算出戊唑醇以298.15 K为基础在283~353 K温区的的热力学函数:焓、熵和吉布斯自由能。 相似文献
11.
Density Functional Theory Study of Selectivity of Crown Ethers to Li+ in Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Leaching Solutions 下载免费PDF全文
Yong-lin Yao Mei-ying Zhu Zhuo Zhao Wen-gang Liu Bi-hai Tong Ming-yang Li 《化学物理学报(中文版)》2019,32(3):343-348
It is a challenge to recover lithium from the leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries, and crown ethers are potential extractants due to their selectivity to alkali metal ions. The theoretical calculations for the selectivity of crown ethers with different structures to Li ions in aqueous solutions were carried out based on the density functional theory. The calculated results of geometries, binding energies, and thermodynamic parameters show that 15C5 has the strongest selectivity to Li ions in the three crown ethers of 12C4, 15C5, and 18C6. B15C5 has a smaller binding energy but more negative free energy than 15C5 when combined with Li+, leading to that the lithium ions in aqueous solutions will combine with B15C5 rather than 15C5. The exchange reactions between B15C5 and hydrated Li+, Co2+, and Ni2+ were analyzed and the results show that B15C5 is more likely to capture Li+ from the hydrated ions in an aqueous solution containing Li+, Co2+, and Ni2+. This study indicates that it is feasible to extract Li ions selectively using B15C5 as an extractant from the leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries. 相似文献
12.
氟、氯和甲基取代丁二酰亚胺的结构、红外光谱和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法(6-31G*基组),计算研究了丁二酰亚胺(SIM)的氟、氯和甲基取代物(SIMF,SIMCl和SIMMe)的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱和热力学性质,讨论了取代基效应.结果表明,SIMF和SIMCl均为平面构型,SIMMe接近平面构型.羰基伸缩振动频率(νC=O)均分裂为两个谱带,低频带出现在1734~1771cm-1,高频带出现在1792~1822cm-1,且前者强于后者.与SIM相比,吸电子基(F和Cl)使νC=O和偶极矩增大,推电子基(CH3)的影响正相反.由校正频率计算了298~800K温度范围的热力学性质熵(S°)和热容(Cp°). 相似文献
13.
采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-311 G(3df,2p)水平上全优化得到了单卤代二硫烷HSSX(X-H,F,Cl,Br)链型和分叉型两种异构体的平衡结构。计算结果表明.在热力学上,所有链型的HSSX为稳定构型.其能量分别较分叉型构型低109.8、60.2、74.8和73.1kJ/mol。同时,采用统计热力学方法,研究了两种平衡结构之间相互转化的化学热力学性质,发现异构化反应的平衡常数很小。 相似文献
14.
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法计算了4种N,N-B螯合物1,1q,2和2q的基态和激发态结构、吸收和发射光谱、跃迁密度矩阵、分子内电荷转移特征、黄昆(HR)因子、FranckCondon因子和电子耦合等光物理性质,深入探究化合物1q和2q在几何结构微调后发光效率降低的本质原因.计算结果表明,N,N-B螯合物中喹啉取代吡啶,以及吲哚配体中N杂原子的引入对光物理性质产生了较大影响.相比于化合物1和2,化合物1q和2q由于共轭面的扩展导致HOMO-LUMO能隙变窄,使吸收红移.通过计算HR因子和跃迁密度矩阵对激发态的特征和几何弛豫进行分析,结果表明化合物1q和2q具有明显增强的片段间电荷转移特征,发射能和振子强度减弱导致kr减小,并且激发态和基态间的电子耦合急剧增强造成快速的非辐射衰变,导致化合物1q和2q在CH2Cl2溶液中不发光.同时,化合物1和2具有高效的发光效率和较大的斯托克斯位移,是一类有发展前景的发光材料. 相似文献
15.
Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Metallotriphenylcorroles 下载免费PDF全文
The infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectra were measured for the metallotriph-enylcorroles (MTPCs, M=Cu, Co, Ni, Mn). The ground-state structures and vibrational spectra of MTPCs have been calculated with the density functional theory. The observedRaman and IR bands have been assigned based on the calculation results. Due to the symmetry lowering, the vibrational spectra of MTPCs are much more complex than metal-loporphyrins, and several skeletal modes are found strongly coupled to the phenyl vibrations.The relationship between the Raman/IR frequencies and the structures of TPC ring is in-vestigated. It is found that the vibrations involving the CIαCIα stretch and CαCmstretch are sensitive to the size of corrole core. In particular, the frequency of υ5, which is assigned to CIαCIα stretch in coupling with the CαCm symmetric stretch, increases linearly with the decrease of the corrole core-sizes and may be used as a mark band to evaluate the structural change of the metallocorroles. 相似文献
16.
丙酮酸分子结构与振动光谱的密度泛函理论研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用密度泛函方法BLYP、B3LYP和从头算Hartree-Fock(HF)方法在6-31G*基组水平上对丙酮酸分子的几何结构(甲基的重叠式和交错式两种构象)和振动光谱分别进行了优化和计算,并给出了各种频率所对应的红外强度及拉曼活性,对光谱进行了指认。结果表明:在丙酮酸分子的两种构象中,重叠式比较稳定*B3LYP计算得到的构型参数与实验结果比较一致;在振动频率的计算中,BLYP未标度力场所计算的非CH3伸缩振动基频预测值和实验值的平均绝对偏差为10.4cm-1;而HF标度力场的平均绝对偏差为17.9cm-1。说明两者的结果与实验观测频率比较吻合,但B3LYP的频率计算值偏差(38.3cm-1)较大。根据振动频率的势能分布和红外光谱强度对此分子的振动基频进行了理论归属。 相似文献
17.
Zhixian Zhou Hongna Han Tiesheng Li Yanjun Xing Yangjie Wu Xian Xin Zhang Reed M. Izatt N. Kent Dalley Jerald S. Bradshaw Weijie Chai Cunheng He 《Structural chemistry》1999,10(3):177-185
Reactions of CsI and HgI2 with benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) and 15-crown-5 (15C5) in an ethanol-acetone mixture produced [Cs(B15C5)2]2[Hg2I6] (1) and {[Cs(15C5)]2[Hg2I6]}n (2), respectively. The structures of the two complexes are quite different. Molar ratios of Cs+ : crown ether are 1 : 2 in 1 and 1 : 1 in 2. Complex 1 consists of two Cs(B15C5)
2
+
cations and a Hg2I
6
2-
anion. Cs+ lies between the two crown-5 ligands, resulting in a sandwich-type cation. Cationic Cs(B15C5)
2
+
and anionic Hg2I
6
2-
are linked together by electrostatic interactions and the complex 1 is an ion pair compound. Complex 2 consists of infinite [Cs(15C5)]2[Hg2I6] units. Each structural unit contains two Cs(15C5)+ cations and a Hg2I
6
2-
anion. Cs+ is coordinated by five oxygen atoms of 15C5, three iodine atoms of Hg2I
6
2-
, and an iodine atom of Hg2I
6
2-
in an adjacent structural unit. The interactions between the Cs+ of Cs(15C5)+ and an I– in Hg2I
6
2-
from adjacent structural units polymerize the complex 2, resulting in a one-dimensional network structure. The anions of Hg2I
6
2-
in both complexes are similar. The two mercury atoms are linked through two bridging iodine atoms and each mercury is also coordinated by two terminal iodines. Crystal data for 1: space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.253(4), b = 20.945(7), c = 16.110(6) Å, = 111.0(1)°, V = 3860 Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.082 (R
w = 0.089). Crystal data for 2: space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.157(4), b = 8.546(4), c = 20.666(6) Å, = 91.54(3)°, V = 2146 Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.034 (R
w = 0.048). 相似文献
18.
Density Functional Theory Investigation of Structures and Electronic Spectra of N-protonated Corroles 下载免费PDF全文
The geometries and electronic spectra of a series of N-protonated corroles, including unsub-stituted H4Cor+ and meso-triaryl substituted H4TPC+, H4TpFPC+, and H4TdCPC+, were theoretically studied with density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that all these compounds have two conformers, one with C2 symmetry (denoted as S1) is more stable than the other (denoted as S2, C1 symmetry) by 15.8?18.5 kJ/mol. The corrole macrocycles of these compounds show significant out-of-plane deformation. The enantiomerizations of the chiral S1 conformers were found to be a multi-step process with the S2 conformers as the in-termediates. Electronic absorption spectra and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of these compounds were calculated with time-dependent DFT. In comparison with H4Cor+, the UV-Vis absorptions of meso-triaryl species are significantly red-shifted and their Q bands are enhanced due to the π-π conjugation between the aryl and corrole rings. Several neighboring electronic transitions were calculated with opposite signs in rotatory strengths, suggesting that ECD spectroscopy may be a useful tool in studying the electronic transitions of these compounds. 相似文献