On transformations z(t) = y(ϕ(t)) of ordinary differential equations

The paper describes the general form of an ordinary differential equation of the order n + 1 (n 1) which allows a nontrivial global transformation consisting of the change of the independent variable. A result given by J. Aczél is generalized. A functional equation of the form where are given functions, is solved on .     

Multi-step hybrid methods for special second-order differential equations y″(t) = f(t,y(t))

In this paper, multi-step hybrid methods for solving special second-order differential equations y^″(t) = f(t,y(t)) are presented and studied. The new methods inherit the frameworks of RKN methods and linear multi-step methods and include two-step hybrid methods proposed by Coleman (IMA J. Numer. Anal. 23, 197–220, 8) as special cases. The order conditions of the methods were derived by using the SN-series defined on the set SNT of SN-trees. Based on the order conditions, we construct two explicit four-step hybrid methods, which are convergent of order six and seven, respectively. Numerical results show that our new methods are more efficient in comparison with the well-known high quality methods proposed in the scientific literature.     

Third-order ordinary differential equations y′′′ = f(x,y, y′, y″) with maximal symmetry group

We present here, in compact form, the necessary and sufficient conditions for linearization of third-order ordinary differential equations y'''=f (x,y,y', y'') with maximal symmetry group via point transformation. A simple procedure to construct the point transformation using the isomorphism of the symmetry subalgebra sl(2, ?) is also presented. This subalgebra is the semi-simple part of the Levi-Decomposition for the 7-dimensional symmetry algebra.     

E α -Ulam type stability of fractional order ordinary differential equations

In this paper, the concepts of $\mathbb{E}_{\alpha}$ -Ulam-Hyers stability, generalized $\mathbb{E}_{\alpha}$ -Ulam-Hyers stability, $\mathbb{E}_{\alpha}$ -Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability and generalized $\mathbb{E}_{\alpha}$ -Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability for fractional order ordinary differential equations are raised. Without loss of generality, $\mathbb{E}_{\alpha}$ -Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability result is derived by using a singular integral inequality of Gronwall type. Two examples are also provided to illustrate our results.     

A class of A(α)-stable numerical methods for stiff problems in ordinary differential equations

The A(α)-stable numerical methods (ANMs) for the number of steps k ≤ 7 for stiff initial value problems (IVPs) in ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are proposed. The discrete schemes proposed from their equivalent continuous schemes are obtained. The scaled time variable t in a continuous method, which determines the discrete coefficients of the discrete method, is chosen in such a way as to ensure that the discrete scheme attains a high order and A(α)-stability. We select the value of α for which the schemes proposed are absolutely stable. The new algorithms are found to have a comparable accuracy with that of the backward differentiation formula (BDF) discussed in [12] which implements the Ode15s in the Matlab suite.     

Legendre–Gauss collocation methods for ordinary differential equations

In this paper, we propose two efficient numerical integration processes for initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. The first algorithm is the Legendre–Gauss collocation method, which is easy to be implemented and possesses the spectral accuracy. The second algorithm is a mixture of the collocation method coupled with domain decomposition, which can be regarded as a specific implicit Legendre–Gauss Runge–Kutta method, with the global convergence and the spectral accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate the spectral accuracy of these approaches and coincide well with theoretical analysis.      

Continuous two-step Runge–Kutta methods for ordinary differential equations

New classes of continuous two-step Runge-Kutta methods for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations are derived. These methods are developed imposing some interpolation and collocation conditions, in order to obtain desirable stability properties such as A-stability and L-stability. Particular structures of the stability polynomial are also investigated.     

On ω-limit sets of ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces

Let X be an infinite-dimensional real Banach space. We classify ω-limit sets of autonomous ordinary differential equations x^′=f(x), x(0)=x₀, where f:X→X is Lipschitz, as being of three types I-III. We denote by SX the class of all sets in X which are ω-limit sets of a solution to (1), for some Lipschitz vector field f and some initial condition x₀∈X. We say that S∈SX is of type I if there exists a Lipschitz function f and a solution x such that S=Ω(x) and . We say that S∈SX is of type II if it has non-empty interior. We say that S∈SX is of type III if it has empty interior and for every solution x (of Eq. (1) where f is Lipschitz) such that S=Ω(x) it holds . Our main results are the following: S is a type I set in SX if and only if S is a closed and separable subset of the topological boundary of an open and connected set U⊂X. Suppose that there exists an open separable and connected set U⊂X such that , then S is a type II set in SX. Every separable Banach space with a Schauder basis contains a type III set. Moreover, in all these results we show that in addition f may be chosen Ck-smooth whenever the underlying Banach space is Ck-smooth.     

Rational solutions of the Diophantine equations $$f(x)^2 \pm f(y)^2=z^2$$ f ( x ) 2 ± f ( y ) 2 = z 2

Periodica Mathematica Hungarica - We discuss the rational solutions of the Diophantine equations $$f(x)^2 \pm f(y)^2=z^2$$ . This problem can be solved either by the theory of elliptic curves or by...     

(r(t)y′)′+a(t)y=F(t,y)解的有界性与零解的稳定性

本文讨论二阶非线性微分方程(r(t)y′)′+a(t)y=F(t,y) (1)解的有界性与零解的稳定性问题,证明在一类简单条件下,(1)的解与线性齐次方程(r(t)y′)′+a(t)y=0 (2)的解具有相同类型的有界性质与稳定性.本文推广了[2,3]的相应工作.在[3]中令g(x(t))=y)(t),则[3]的方程包含于(1)中,且x(t)与y(t)具有相同的渐近性质. 现作如下的基本假设:     

Compositions of analytic functions of the form Fn(z) = Fn−1(fn(z)), fn(z) → f(z)

Frequently, in applications, a function is iterated in order to determine its fixed point, which represents the solution of some problem. In the variation of iteration presented in this paper fixed points serve a different purpose. The sequence {F_n(z)} is studied, where F₁(z) = f₁(z) and F_n(z) = F_n−1(f_n(z)), with f_n → f. Many infinite arithmetic expansions exhibit this form, and the fixed point, α, of f may be used as a modifying factor (z = α) to influence the convergence behaviour of these expansions. Thus one employs, rather than seeks the fixed point of the function f.