管道超声导波检测技术研究进展

综述管道超声导波检测技术及其应用研究进展。着重对超声导波技术和模态声发射技术在管道检测中的最新应用进行了评述，内容涉及超声导波的传播特性、实验检测方法及其数值模拟等。     

超声柱面导波技术及其应用研究进展

综述无损检测中的超声柱面导波技术及其应用研究进展。给出导波的频散及多模式特征,着重评述超声导波的模式和频率选择、导波的激励和接收方法、导波与缺陷的相互作用、信号处理与特征提取以及导波技术在无损检测中的应用前景。      

基于超声导波技术对板表面缺陷的无损检测研究

本文通过数值计算与实验,研究了薄钢板内导波的传播及其频散、多模态特征以及被激励模态与斜探头入射角的关系.利用所建立的实验系统,对钢板表面的人工缺陷进行了检测.结果表明,对特定频率,选择A1模态的超声导波检测钢板表面缺陷是可行的.     

管道超声纵向导波裂纹检测数值模拟

简述了近年来超声导波技术的发展现状及其检测原理，并用有限元程序ANSYS对管道超声纵向导波裂纹检测进行了数值模拟。管道模型中，删除单元模拟管道周向裂纹，通过对管道一端端部周向各节点施加轴向瞬时位移载荷模拟纵向入射应力波，同端接收反射应力波，根据裂纹纵波回波信号到达时间和反射系数能较为精确地判断裂纹位置、周向开口裂纹长度、管壁减薄程度及裂纹截面积，但反射系数对管道轴向裂纹宽度不十分敏感。数值模拟结果与前人实验结果及理论计算结果吻合较好。     

从统计观点看有限单元法

比较几种有限单元法的优劣是个统计问题。所谓优劣只能是对大量算例平均含义下的优劣。在研究和编制有限单元法及其计算程序时,人们应该追求平均最优。平均最优的插入函数一般是单元内无载荷时(齐次方程)的精确解。     

基于导波技术的螺柱轴力无损检测

根据弹性动力学理论,采用纵向导波与弯曲导波相结合的方法对螺柱所受轴向应力进行无损检测。计算了M22螺柱中纵向导波和弯曲导波的群速度频散曲线。根据频散曲线,确定了采用导波对螺柱轴向应力进行无损检测的最优检测信号频率范围(50~80 kHz),此频率范围的纵向导波与弯曲导波模态单一,并且频散性较低。分别计算了不同轴向应力σ作用下,多种频率的纵向导波和和弯曲导波在螺柱中传播的群速度值cgσrL和cgσrF。结果表明,随着轴向应力的增大,同频率纵向导波和弯曲导波的群速度皆呈线性递减趋势。利用纵向导波和弯曲导波群速度与轴向应力的线性关系及纵向导波和弯曲导波在轴向应力作用螺柱端面的反射时间tLσ和tσF,可以迅速确定螺柱所受轴向应力值。     

相似单元法在液体静压轴承中的应用

本文将相似单元法应用于液体静压轴承压力分布的计算,其结果与文[3]中用有限差分法计算得出的结果一致.     

接地网圆钢杆中高频纵向超声导波无损检测方法研究

针对接地网圆钢杆腐蚀检测问题,本文进行了接地网圆钢杆高频纵向超声导波无损检测方法研究。首先对埋地环境下圆钢杆中纵向导波传播特性进行理论研究,分析了不同模态导波的群速度和衰减频散特性。研究发现,高阶纵向模态导波在衰减最小和群速度最大对应的频率处,在圆钢杆中传播能力强,是适合进行地埋圆钢杆导波检测试验的频率范围。在此基础上,进行了埋地圆钢杆高频纵向超声导波无损检测试验研究。结果发现,利用优选的检测参数可以很好地实现埋地圆钢杆中腐蚀缺陷检测。研究工作为接地网运行状态评价提供了很好的技术支撑。     

二维任意多边形有限单元

目前常用于单晶体材料的计算细观力学分析方法是将晶体细分成许多三角形或四边形有限元，对于多晶体材料，这方法的计算量之大将难于承受，实验观测表明，多晶体材料中除角点附近局部区域外每个晶体内部的变形、滑移基本上是绶慢变化的，因此可以将每个晶体简化为一个多边形有限单元，晶界简化为界面单元，使计算量大大减少，本文导出一类任意多边形等参有限元格式，并证明这类多边形单元中的任意两个都是相互协调的，无论其边数是否相等，算例表明任意多边形单元是有效可行的．     

周向超声导波在薄壁管道中的传播研究

本文研究了薄壁管道内周向导波的传播及其频散特性，并且通过对比薄壁板与薄壁管道内的导波，找出了一个比较简便研究周向导波的方法。并通过实验验证了周向导波的频散现象以及激励模态与斜探头楔型角的关系，并且认定在管道中可以激励出单一的周向导波模态。     

组合单元法在砂井地基有限元分析中的应用

针对砂井地基的平面应变有限元分析,本文首次将组合单元法引入到砂井地基的分析中,提出砂墙组合单元。该单元对常规等参元进行改进,在单元内部同时考虑砂井的涂抹作用和井阻作用,从而克服了常规有限元法在计算砂井地基时单元数和节点数过多的缺点。将砂墙组合单元加入USAP有限元计算软件,工程算例分析结果表明：与已有的各砂井地基的平面应变解答和荷兰的基础工程有限元分析软件PLAXIS相比,解答合理并有效地考虑砂井的涂抹作用和井阻作用;与常规有限元法相比,在保证计算精度的前提下,减少了可观的单元数和节点数,降低了计算的工作量。     

一种基于深度学习的超声导波缺陷重构方法

超声导波检测因其传播效率高、耗能少等优势成为了无损检测领域的重要研究方向.目前已有的利用超声导波进行结构缺陷探测和定量化重构的方法主要由相关的导波散射理论推导得出.然而,由于导波散射问题本身的高复杂性,使得在推导上述理论方法时引入一些近似假设,降低了重构结果的质量.另外,有些方法通过优化迭代的方式提高重构精度,又会增加检测的时间成本.有鉴于此,论文探索了一种将卷积神经网络与导波散射理论模型以局部融合的方式实现缺陷定量化重构的新方法.应用样本数据训练后的神经网络实现缺陷定量化重构,弥补缺陷重构过程中的理论模型误差,同时去除在实际检测过程中所存在的环境噪声.论文以利用SH导波重构平板中的减薄缺陷为研究对象,通过数值模拟验证了该方法在缺陷重构时具有高效率和高精度的特点,特别是对矩形缺陷的重构,新方法的结果精度比波数空间域变换法的精度提高了近200%.     

Exact finite element method

In this paper,a new method,exact element method for constructing finite element,ispresented.It can be applied to solve nonpositive definite or positive definite partialdifferential equation with arbitrary variable coefficient under arbitrary boundarycondition.Its convergence is proved and its united formula for solving partial differentialequation is given.By the present method,a noncompatible element can be obtained and thecompatibility conditions between elements can be treated very easily.Comparing the exactelement method with the general finite element method with the same degrees of freedom,the high convergence rate of the high order derivatives of solution can be obtained.Threenumerical examples are given at the end of this paper,which indicate all results canconverge to exact solution and have higher numerical precision.     

A time-domain high-order spectral finite element for the simulation of symmetric and anti-symmetric guided waves in laminated composite strips

A time domain spectral finite element is developed for improving the efficiency of numerical simulations of guided waves in laminated composite strips. The finite element relies on a new generalized laminate mechanics model formulated to represent symmetric and anti-symmetric Lamb waves. The laminate mechanics incorporate third-order polynomial terms for the approximation of axial and transverse displacement fields through the thickness and consider the displacements of the upper and lower surfaces as degrees of freedom. The laminate theory formulation is easily expanded to a high-order layerwise model. Based on the resultant governing equations of the laminate section, a new finite element with 8 nodal degrees of freedom is formulated; its nodes are collocated with Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre integration points in order to improve computational efficiency. Stiffness and mass matrices are assembled and the transient response is predicted using the explicit central differences time integration scheme. The transient response of Aluminum, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer laminated and sandwich strips is investigated. Numerical results are validated against a semi-analytical solution. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the introduced element regarding the prediction of symmetric and anti-symmetric wave propagation is also quantified.     

APPLICATION OF PENALTY FUNCTION METHOD IN ISOPARANIETRIC HYBRID FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

IntroductionSince T.H.H.Pain firstly puts forward hybrid element method[1]in1964, the researchand application of hybrid element have got great development. T.H.H.Painet al.havemade important pioneer works in the domain of the research on incompatible displacementstructure hybrid elementstress pattern[2,3]in recentdecades. Reference [4] had provided theoptimizing design concept of hybrid element further and established standardization methodof incompatible displacement structure hybrid eleme…     

Simulation of 2-D nonlinear waves using finite element method with cubic spline approximation

The estimation of forces and responses due to the nonlinearities in ocean waves is vital in the design of offshore structures, as these forces and responses would result in the extreme loads. Simulation of such events in a laboratory is quite laborious. Even for the preparation of the driving signals for the wave boards, one needs to resort to numerical models. In order to achieve this task, the two-dimensional time domain nonlinear problem has received considerable attention in recent years, in which a mixed Eulerian and Lagrangian method (MEL) is being used. Most of the conventional methods need the free surface to be smoothed or regridded at a particular/every time step of the simulation due to Lagrangian characteristics of motion even for a short time. This would cause numerical diffusion of energy in the system after a long time. In order to minimize this effect, the present study aims at fitting the free surface using a cubic spline approximation with a finite element approach for discretizing the domain. By doing so, the requirement of smoothing/regridding becomes a minimum. The efficiency of the present simulation procedure is shown for the standing wave problem. The application of this method to the problem of sloshing and wave interaction with a submerged obstacle has been carried out.     

The construction of large element in finite element method

In the usual finite element method, the order of the interpolation in an element is kept unchanged, and the accuracy is raised by subdividing the grid denser and denser. Alternatively, in the large element method, the grid is kept unchanged, and the terms of approximate series in the element are increased to raise the accuracy.In this paper, a method for constructing large elements is presented. When using this method, two sets of variables, one set defined inside the element, and the other defined on the boundary of the element, are adopted. Then, these two sets of variables are combined by the hybrid-penalty function method. This method can be applied to any elliptic equations in a domain with arbitrary shape and arbitrary complex boundary condition. It is proved with strict mathematical method in this paper, that in general cases, the accuracy of this method is much higher than that of the usual element and the large element method presented in [7]. Therefore, the degrees of freedom needed in this method are much fewer than those in the two methods if the same accuracy is preserved.     

动力松弛法在应变软化类结构有限元静力分析中的应用

结构静力分析中常因材料应变软化使得相应定解问题失去适定性,从而导致有限元分析不收敛。为解决此问题,在已有的相关研究基础上,采用动力松弛法（DRM）求解结构非线性有限元静力分析的增量步,将其应用于损伤型本构所描述的结构软化问题。本文方法依据两个原理,其一是苏联《数学百科全书》论述的原理——定义于时间域的任何定解问题适定可解,其二是DRM所用的原理——质量系统静力解为相应动力解的稳态部分。且DRM无需进行隐式静力分析时的总体刚度矩阵组装和求逆计算。本文用加荷载增量求解静力平衡路径硬化段,用加位移增量求解极值点和软化段。数值试验表明,本文方法能完成应变软化类结构的静力平衡路径求解。     

Nonlinear quasi-conforming finite element method

The nonlinear quasi-conforming FEM is presented based on the basic concept of the quasiconforming finite element. First, the incremental principle of stationary potential energy is discussed. Then, the formulation process of the nonlinear quasi-conforming FEM is given. Lastly, two computational examples of shells are given.