一种新型糖脂单分子膜与伴刀豆蛋白A的分子识别

一种新型糖脂单分子膜与伴刀豆蛋白Ａ的分子识别张希，沈家骢ＲｕｍｐＥ．，ＲｉｎｇｓｄｏｒｆＨ．（吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２３）（德国Ｍａｉｎｚ大学有机化学研究所）关键词糖脂，单分子膜，分子识别糖与蛋白质、核酸相比，直到六十年代还只当作贮能和结构的...     

聚乙烯咔唑LB膜的制备及其结构形态

利用LB技术，研究了具有光电活性的聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)的单分子膜及PVK与十八胺(ODA)混合分子膜的聚集结构形态．结果表明纯PVK分子由于弱的亲水作用可以形成较好单分子膜，此时PVK分子形成片状聚集；而在混合体系中，在一定比例下PVK形成颗粒状团聚．改变不同的比例可以得到不同的纳米图案，当PVK：ODA=10：1时形成尺寸较均一的纳米球状致密覆盖分子膜；当进一步增加PVK比例时，ODA不能再调控PVK聚集，混合膜表现出平坦的PVK，ODA分相片状聚集．     

LB膜技术对葡萄糖氧化酶分子构象的影响

利用π－Ａ曲线、布儒斯特角显微镜（ＢＡＭ）及ＣＤ光谱对葡萄糖氧化酶（ＧＯＤ）的甲醇溶液铺展在ＣｄＣｌ２水溶液和纯水表面上形成的单分子膜进行了研究，以了解ＧＯＤ分子的自组和折叠情况，发现甲醇或者ＣｄＣｌ２都能ＧＯＤ分子更加疏水，易形成单分子膜，铺展在ＣｄＣｌ２溶液上比铺展在纯水上更加能使ＧＯＤ的单分子膜排列紧密，在表面压较高时，能观察到形成了第二层膜，并且使ＧＯＤ分子的构象从β－折叠片向α－螺旋转变     

有机HTDIOO分子LB膜结构的AFM研究

利用原子力显微镜（AFM）对有机分子HTDIOO单层和多层LB膜结构进行了观察·实验结果表明，针尖与LB膜表面分子间的相互作用力会对成像的膜结构有影响．当悬臂针尖与LB膜表面分子的相互作用力较大时，针尖会扰动HTDIOO分子在单层LB膜中的有序排列．HTDIOO单层LB膜具有有序结构；而在多层LB膜中，HTDIOO分子则聚集在一起形成了一定的畴结构．     

La^3＋和Ca^2＋对金电极上谷胱甘肽单分子膜离子闸门的影响

谷胱甘肽能自组装吸附到金电极上形成单分子膜。该膜能阻止Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６离子在金电极上还原，起离子闸门的作用。当溶液中加入Ｌａ＾３＋或Ｃａ＾２＋时，了穿透膜的能力得到改善。本课题应用循环伏安法和计时库仑法，在ＰＨ５．６的溶液中研究了Ｌａ＾３＋的调控能力，与Ｃａ＾２＋比较，发现在改变谷胱甘肽单分子膜的结构和Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６离子的扩散系数方面，Ｌａ＾３＋具有更强的能力。     

醇类在Si-H表面形成单分子膜的特性

以界面电容分析法为主并结合XPS、AFM技术研究了醇类分子在Si(111)-H表面上形成的有机单分子膜的特性。并探讨了嫁接反应中影响单分子膜特性的某些因素和单分子膜的稳定性及其对硅表面氧化的钝化作用。在所选择的反应条件下，不同链长醇分子修饰的硅表面上，嫁接分子所占体积分数约为80％，平带电位约为-1．00V(vs.SSE)。研究表明，这类膜稳定性和对硅表面氧化的钝化作用非常有限。     

亚相pH对气水界面上VE/DPPC单分子膜的影响

通过表面压－分子面积等温线的测定，考察了亚相ｐＨ对气水界面上的维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）／二棕榈酰基磷脂酰胆碱单分子膜的影响。亚相ｐＨ降低不改变ＤＰＰＣ单分子膜的崩裂压，但使ＶＥ单分子膜的崩裂压明显增大，不改变ＶＥ单分子膜的平均分子面积，但使ＤＰＰＣ单分子膜凝缩，低表面压下，ＶＥ对ＤＰＰＣ单分子膜的膨胀作用在纯水上很小，在ｐＨ为１的亚相上则很明显，这提示在低ｐＨ的亚相上，ＶＥ／ＤＰＰＣ单分子膜中的极性头基间     

3-巯基丙酸自组装单分子膜的研究进展

自组装单层或单分子膜(Self-assembled monolayers)的研究十分活跃,尤其是硫-金体系的单层研究更是得到科学家们的青睐。3-巯基丙酸由于可以在金基底形成稳定有序的二维自组装单分子膜,从而显示出独特的结构和表面性质。该文着重从膜的制备、膜内分子的结构、单层膜的性质以及应用等方面综述金基底上3-巯基丙酸自组装单分子膜的研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

胆甾液晶二氮杂冠醚—Eu（Ⅲ）配合物LB膜和荧光性质研究

研究了胆甾液晶二氮杂冠醚Ｎ，Ｎ′－双（胆甾－５－烯－３β－氧羰甲基）－１，１０－二氮－４，７，１３，１６－四氧环十八烷（１）及其与Ｅｕ＾３＋的配合物（２），２一苯甲酸的混配物（３）的ＬＢ膜和荧光性质，结果表明：１，２和３在水溶液亚相液面形成稳定的单分子膜，但只有１的单分子面积受亚相ｐＨ的影响１，２和３的单分子膜都容易转移到石英基片上形成ＬＢ膜，其中２和３为Ｘ型，转移比分别为０．６和１．０，在ＬＢ膜     

苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物单分子膜的静、动态性质

对不同分子量的苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚物（PSM）单分子膜的π－A等温线、微 分曲线进行了研究，讨论了PSM单分子膜成膜过程及分子量对膜相变的影响，并用 动态膜障振动法测定了PSM单分子膜的动态弹性，结果表明，分子链的相互作用（ 如卷曲和缠结）在膜的形成中起着重要的作用，并影响膜的静、动态性质，单分子 膜的动态弹性曲线有双峰，且前者比后者小，随分子量增大，膜的凝聚性、刚性和 稳定性都增强，动态弹性都增大；且分子链的相互作用对PSM单分子性质影响增大 ，压缩过程中单分子膜的相变更明显。     

高分子LB膜

概述了高分子Langmuir-Blogett膜,并依其成膜方式分别介绍了可聚合LB膜、聚合物的LB膜及其它几种LB膜。     

Controlling the Structural and Electrical Properties of Diacid Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene) Langmuir–Blodgett Films

The preparation, characterization and electrical properties of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films composed of a symmetrically substituted oligomeric phenylene ethynylene derivative, namely, 4,4′‐[1,4‐phenylenebis(ethyne‐2,1‐diyl)]dibenzoic acid (OPE2A), are described. Analysis of the surface pressure versus area per molecule isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy reveal that good‐quality Langmuir (L) films can be formed both on pure water and a basic subphase. Monolayer L films were transferred onto solid substrates with a transfer ratio of unity to obtain LB films. Both L and LB films prepared on or from a pure water subphase show a red shift in the UV/Vis spectrum of about 14 nm, in contrast to L and LB films prepared from a basic subphase, which show a hypsochromic shift of 15 nm. This result, together with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic and quartz crystal microbalance experiments, conclusively demonstrate formation of one‐layer LB films in which OPE2A molecules are chemisorbed onto gold substrates and consequently ? COO? Au junctions are formed. In LB films prepared on a basic subphase the other terminal acid group is also deprotonated and associates with an Na⁺ counterion. In contrast, LB films prepared from a pure water subphase preserve the protonated acid group, and lateral H‐bonds with neighbouring molecules give rise to a supramolecular structure. STM‐based conductance studies revealed that films prepared from a basic subphase are more conductive than the analogous films prepared from pure water, and the electrical conductance of the deprotonated films also coincides more closely with single‐molecule conductance measurements. This result was interpreted not only in terms of better electron transmission in ? COO? Au molecular junctions, but also in terms of the presence of lateral H‐bonds in the films formed from pure water, which lead to reduced conductance of the molecular junctions.     

聚合物Langmuir—Blodgett膜研究进展

聚合物LB膜可用两种方法制备,一种是两亲单体成膜再进行聚合反应,另一种为直接从两亲聚合物在亚相表面铺展成膜并转移。本文综合聚合物LB膜的研究状况,包括两亲聚合物和非两亲聚合物,对聚合物LB膜的成膜特点,结构和性能作了描述,并简要介绍了聚合物LB膜的应用前景。     

Spectroscopic and optical characterization of porphyrin chromophores incorporated into ultrathin polyimide films

Polyamic acid (PAA) containing free-base porphyrin and zinc(II) porphyrin chromophores was synthesized by copolymerization of diphenylether-type tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamines. The monolayer of the alkylamine salts of PAA (PAASs) at the air/water interface was deposited on solid substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The PAAS LB films thus obtained were converted to polyimide (PI) LB films by chemical treatment. The fluorescence of porphyrin moieties in the PI LB film was observed, because of the weak electron-accepting properties of the diphenylether unit. Therefore, the photophysically important processes, such as photoinduced electron transfer, excitation energy transfer, and excitation energy migration could be investigated in relation to the layered nanostructures of the ultrathin PI films. The fluorescence spectrum suggested that the aggregation of porphyrin moieties in the PI LB films was effectively prevented by the use of polymeric films. The surface plasmon (SP) measurement showed that the thickness of the monolayers was 0.9-1.0 nm for PAAS films and 0.32-0.40 nm on average for PI LB films. The absorption dichroism of the Soret band of porphyrin indicated that porphyrin moieties in the PAAS and PI LB films are oriented in parallel with the substrate. These results showed that the orientation and the spatial distribution of porphyrin units can be efficiently regulated in the PI LB films in a nanometer dimension.     

Enzyme-octadecylamine Langmuir-Blodgett membranes for ENFET biosensors

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films containing butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are fabricated to realise an enzymatic field effect transistor (ENFET) for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides in water. Trichlorfon as a common pesticide is examined in our work. The BuChE-immobilised LB films are formed by adsorbing the enzyme molecules onto a stearylamine monolayer using the electrostatic force. Enzyme/stearylamine mixed LB films are immobilized onto a pH-ISFET surface and treated by glutaraldehyde vapour to improve the LB film's stability. The ENFET thus obtained worked as a potentiometric biosensor for trichlorfon detection on the basis of enzyme inhibition. The detection limit for trichlorfon can reach 10(-7) M (26 ppb). The surface characteristics of BuChE/stearylamine LB films obtained under various conditions of the dipping surface pressures are analysed qualitatively by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and analysed quantitatively by FTIR spectroscopy.     

柔性间隔基对于香豆素取代二乙炔LB膜聚合及手性形成的影响

设计合成了2种香豆素取代二乙炔单体,7-(10,12-二十三双炔酰氧基)-香豆素(CODA)和7-(10,12-二十三双炔酰氧乙氧基)-香豆素(CO2DA),研究了柔性间隔基对香豆素取代二乙炔单体在气-液界面的组装、单体LB膜的聚合以及聚二乙炔主链螺旋结构形成的影响.利用Langmui-Blodgett(LB)技术,以纯水为亚相,膜压在35 mN/m时沉积制备了香豆素取代二乙炔单体LB膜.尽管CODA是非手性的,但其LB膜均表现出明显的宏观手性信号.这是由于在压缩过程中香豆素基团间强烈的π-π堆积,形成了螺旋排列,显示出超分子手性.而CO2DA LB膜无明显CD信号.经254 nm紫外光辐照,CODA LB膜聚合成蓝相,聚二乙炔主链表现出明显的宏观手性.而CO2DA LB膜聚合后无明显的CD信号.薄膜中香豆素功能基团的不规则排列不利于二乙炔单体的固态聚合以及聚二乙炔主链螺旋结构的形成.     

Alignment of liquid crystals using Langmuir‒Blodgett films of unsymmetrical bent-core liquid crystals

ABSTRACT

The properties of the thin films of liquid crystal (LC) molecules can be governed easily by external fields. The anisotropic structure of the LC molecules has a large impact on the electrical and optical properties of the film. The Langmuir monolayer (LM) of LC molecules at the air–water interface is known to exhibit a variety of surface phases which can be transferred onto a solid substrate using the Langmuir?Blodgett (LB) technique. Here, we have studied the LM and LB films of asymmetrically substituted bent-core LC molecules. The morphology of LB film of the molecules is found to be a controlling parameter for aligning bulk LC in the nematic phase. It was found that the LB films of the bent-core molecules possessing defects favour the planar orientation of nematic LC, whereas the LB films with fewer defects show homeotropic alignment. The defect in LB films may introduce splay or bend distortions in the nematic near the alignment layer which can govern the planar alignment of the bulk LC. The uniform layer of LB film facilitates the molecules of nematic to anchor vertically due to a strong van der Waals interaction between the aliphatic chains leading to a homeotropic alignment.     

A comparative Langmuir-Blodgett study on a set of covalently linked porphyrin-based amphiphiles: a detailed atomic force microscopic study

A set of covalently linked phenyl-amidophenyl-substituted porphyrin amphiphiles with n-C15H31 tails have been synthesized and completely characterized. These amphiphiles form good Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films at the air/water interface. Mean molecular areas for the series were measured from the isotherms and found to increase as the number of aliphatic chains increased from one to four. No influence of the subphase pH was observed on the isotherms. LB films can be transferred successfully onto different solid surfaces. The LB films were characterized using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bis-, tris-, and tetra-substituted porphyrins were found to be fairly good film-forming amphiphiles, whereas irregular aggregates were seen in the case of the monosubstituted porphyrin amphiphile. Multilayers were also formed with tetra-substituted amphiphiles on mica. Detailed AFM studies of tetra-substituted amphiphiles have been carried out to investigate the effect of preparation procedure and solid substrates on film formation and transfer. The absorption and fluorescence spectra for the amphiphiles in solution and LB films deposited onto mica and glass were recorded, which demonstrated the successful transfer of LB films onto the substrates and provided more information about the arrangement of porphyrin molecules within the LB films. For comparison, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and the cast thin films of the amphiphiles were prepared and characterized.     

Synthesis and monolayer behaviors of optically active 1,12- dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-5,8-diamides and the formation of chiral langmuir-blodgett films

We previously reported that an optically active cyclic amide consisting of a helical chiral 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-5, 8-dicarboxylic acid forms a stable monolayer on the water surface, and that the monolayer can be transferred on a solid support giving optically active Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. In this study, several related amides were synthesized, and their monolayer behaviors were investigated with expectation to prepare optically active LB films possessing functional groups. The result indicates that the cyclic amide structure and cyclohexyl moiety are essential for the formation of stable monolayer on the water surface. N-Alkylation of the secondary amide does not seriously affect the formation of monolayer, and chiral LB films are obtained by N,N-bis(3-meroaptopropyl) derivative of the cyclic amide.     

Structure and photoelectric properties of LB films of porphyrin bearing pyridinium with long-chain alkyl group

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