Interaction of two offset interfacial cracks in bonded dissimilar media with a functionally graded interlayer: Antiplane deformation

This paper is concerned with the problem of bonded dissimilar, homogeneous media with a functionally graded interlayer, weakened by two offset interfacial cracks under antiplane deformation. Based on the Fourier integral transform method, formulation of the crack problem is reduced to a system of Cauchy-type singular integral equations. The mode III stress intensity factors are defined and evaluated in terms of the solution to the integral equations. Numerical results include the variations of stress intensity factors versus offset distance between the two cracks for various combinations of material and other geometric parameters of the bonded system, addressing the interaction of the two neighboring interfacial cracks spaced apart by the graded interlayer.     

Two-dimensional thermal elasticity problem for a body weakened by a system of thermally insulated cracks

The thermally elastic state of a body in two dimensions with cracks has been investigated in a number of articles (see the survey in [1]). However, in the majority of cases problems have been investigated in which temperature stresses in a body are weakened by a single crack. The existing solutions of problems on the interaction between thermally insulated cracks in an elastic body have been confined to simple cases either with collinear [2, 3] or with arched cracks [4, 5]. Below the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem for an infinite body with arbitrarily positioned straight-lined thermally insulated cracks is studied by reducing it to a system of singular integral equations. An approximate solution is found for large distances between cracks. An exact solution is obtained in the case of a periodic system of collinear cracks.     

纤维端部的界面裂纹分析

基于弹性力学空间轴对称问题的通解,研究了短纤维增强复合材料中纤维端部的轴对称币形和柱形界面裂纹尖端的应力奇异性,得到了裂纹尖端附近的奇异应力场．研究结果表明,这两种轴对称界面裂纹尖端的应力奇异性相同,并且与平面应变状态下相应模型的应力奇异性一致,材料性能对裂纹尖端附近奇异应力场的影响可用三个组合参数描述     

Two arbitrarily situated cracks in an elastic plate under flexure

Based on Reissner's theory for the bending of thin plates and by replacing the cracks by dislocation arrays, the flexure problem for an unbounded plate, containing two arbitrarily situated rectilinear cracks, is reduced to a system of singular integral equations relative to six functions which characterize the density of dislocations.The solution, in the form of the product of the series of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind and their weight function, is obtained for the cases of plain bending and uniform twisting along an arbitrarily inclined direction to the cracks.Numerical results are shown for two fundamental cases of crack configuration, i.e. a pair of equal colinear cracks and equal parallel cracks without stagger.     

功能梯度夹层多个环形界面裂纹扭转冲击

研究位于功能梯度层和外部均匀材料之间多个环形界面裂纹的扭转冲击问题,功能梯度材料 (FGM)粘结在两种不同的弹性材料之间,功能梯度层和外部材料之间环形界面裂纹的数目是任意的．引进积分变换和位错密度函数将问题化为求解Laplace域里标准的Cauchy奇异积分方程,进而化为求解代数方程;应用Laplace数值反演技术,计算时域里的动应力强度因子(DSIF)．考查了结构几何尺度和材料特性对裂尖动态断裂特性的影响．数值结果表明,DSIF存在一个主峰,到达主峰后,在其相应的静态值附近波动并最终趋于稳定;增加FGM的梯度能减小DSIF的峰值．     

Stress state of an elastic plane weakened by an infinite series of longitudinal-transverse cracks

Use of the fact that a singular operator transforms a polynomial again into a polynomial permitted obtaining substantially new results in [1], devoted to wing theory. This property of singular operators is used to solve the plane problem of elasticity theory for a plane weakened by cracks. The criterion for the beginning of crack growth is related in the linear theory of fracture to the stress-intensity factor at its end. An investigation of the influence of the mutual arrangement of cracks on the intensity factor is of considerable interest. The intensity factor is zero in the stretching of a plane weakened by a longitudinal slit, but this factor grows in the presence of a transverse slit and may even exceed the intensity factor at the end of the transverse slit. In this case stratification of the material, the development of cracks located along the loading line, starts. Fractures of this kind have been observed in experiments. To solve the problem of determining the stress-intensity factor at the end of a longitudinal crack in the presence of a transverse crack, the consideration of a periodic system of longitudinal-transverse cracks turns out to be effective. Introduction of symmetry simplifies the construction of the solution of the problem, on the one hand, and is a good approximation to the problem of the mutual influence of two cracks for a sufficient mutual removal of the slits, on the other.     

On the torsion of a cylinder with several cracks

In this paper, based on paper [1], the analytic expression of the torsion function for a cylinder containing arbitrary oriented cracks is obtained. The problem is reduced to solve a system of singular integral equations for the unknown dislocation density functions. Using the numerical method of the singular integral equations^[2,7] the torsional rigidities and stress intensity factors are evaluated for several multicracked cylinders. Next, the creak-cutting method^[5] is firstly extended to lve the torsion problem for a rectangular prism. The numerical results show that the method presented here is successful. Projects Supported by the Science Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Integrodifferential equations for plane filtration in the presence of cracks

A system of singular integr Differential equations is derived for the plane problem of steady-state filtration in a plate cut by a system of cracks. We consider an arbitrary set of cracks, and also monoperiodic and biperiodic systems of cracks, in an infinite plane. In the case of a system of infinite parallel rectilinear cracks, the general solution is obtained in explicit form-in quadratures. As an example, we find the complex potential and the formula for the output from a borehole for a linear system of tiered, flooded plates, cut by a system of rectilinear parallel cracks.     

Two mode III internal cracks located within two bonded functionally graded piezoelectric half planes respectively

This paper studies the mode III crack problem of two bonded functionally graded piezoelectric half planes which contain a crack respectively. These two cracks are located normal to the interface. All the material properties are assumed to vary along the direction of the crack line. A system of singular integral equations for electrically impermeable and permeable cracks is derived and solved numerically by using the Gauss–Chebyshev integration formula. The influence of the nonhomogeneous parameters and the dependence of the crack interactions on the stress and electric displacement intensity factors are investigated.     

Isotropic/orthotropic two-layered strips containing cracks terminating at and going through an interface

Crack problems for isotropic/orthotropic two-layered strips have been investigated. A system of two singular integral equations can be derived by using Fourier integral transformation and boundary conditions of crack problems. After stress singularities at crack tips or other special points are determined for internal and edge cracks, and for cracks terminating at and going through the interface, the system of singular integral equations is solved numerically by Gauss-Jacobi or Gauss-Chebyshev integration formulas for stress intensity factors at the tips and other singular points of cracks. Finally, possible crack growth behavior for cracks approaching and going through the interface is discussed.     

Cracks with interfacial bonds in the hub of a friction pair

The contact deformation of the hub of a plunger pair is considered. It is assumed that, during the repeated reciprocating motion of the plunger, fracture of the materials of the elements of the contact pair occurs. The friction surface of the bushing contains rectilinear cracks with the end zones characterized by the presence of interaction between the cracks faces. The boundary-value problem of equilibrium of the hub of a friction pair with a crack reduced to solving system of nonlinear singular integro-differential equations with a Cauchy type kernel.     

Interaction between a circular inclusion and a symmetrically branched crack

The interaction problem between a circular inclusion and a symmetrically branched crack embedded in an infinite elastic medium is solved. The branched crack is modeled as three straight cracks which intersect at a common point and each crack is treated as a continuous contribution of edge dislocations. Green's functions are used to reduce the problem into a system of singular equations consisting of the distributions of Burger's dislocation vectors as unknown functions through the superposition technique. The resulting integral equations are solved numerically by the method of Gauss-Chebychev quadrature. The proposed integral equation approach is first verified for two limiting cases against the literature. More effort is paid on the effect of inclusion on both the Mode I and Mode lI stress intensity factors at the branch tips. The effect of inclusion on the branching path is also investigated.     

Interaction of cracks with bonds between their faces in an isotropic medium reinforced by a regular system of stringers

A problem of an elastic isotropic medium with a system of foreign (transverse with respect to crack alignment) rectilinear inclusions is considered. The medium is assumed to be attenuated by a periodic system of rectilinear cracks with zones where the crack faces interact with each other. These zones are assumed to be adjacent to the crack tips, and their sizes can be commensurable with the crack size. Interaction between the crack faces in the tip zone is modeled by introducing bonds (adhesion forces) between the cracks with a specified strain diagram. The boundary-value problem of the equilibrium of a periodic system of cracks with bonds between their faces under the action of external tensile loads and forces in the bonds is reduced to a nonlinear singular integrodifferential equation with a kernel of the Cauchy kernel type. The condition of critical equilibrium of the cracks with the tip zones is formulated with allowance for the criterion of critical tension of the bonds. A case of a stress state of the medium containing zones where the crack faces interact with each other is considered.     

用样条边界元与奇异积分方程法联合求解多裂纹柱体的扭转

通过间解的分离，本文将径向多裂纹柱体的导曲函两个调和函数表示，使问题归为解一组混混合型积分方程。针对方程的特点，本文联合使用三次样条边界法与奇异积分方程的数值方法对所得方程建立了数值法，并对裂纹相交情形作了特殊处理。最后对工程中感兴趣的一些典型的多裂纹柱体的扭转作了例题计算，结果表明，本文方法具有收敛快，精度高的特点。     

Automated numerical simulation of the propagation of multiple cracks in a finite plane using the distributed dislocation method

In this paper, an automated numerical simulation of the propagation of multiple cracks in a finite elastic plane by the distributed dislocation method is developed. Firstly, a solution to the problem of a two-dimensional finite elastic plane containing multiple straight cracks and kinked cracks is presented. A serial of distributed dislocations in an infinite plane are used to model all the cracks and the boundary of the finite plane. The mixed-mode stress intensity factors of all the cracks can be calculated by solving a system of singular integral equations with the Gauss–Chebyshev quadrature method. Based on the solution, the propagation of multiple cracks is modeled according to the maximum circumferential stress criterion and Paris' law. Several numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of this method for the simulation of multiple cracks in a 2D finite plane.     

Transverse cracking of orthotropic composite laminates: a fracture mechanics approach

This research is concerned with the fracture mechanics of a laminated composite medium, which contains a central layer sandwiched by two outer layers. There is a periodic array of cracks in the central layer along the central axis of the medium. Fourier transform is used to reduce the problem to the solution of a system of dual integral equations, which are solved by the singular integral equation technique. Rigorous fracture mechanics analysis, which exactly satisfies all boundary conditions of the problem, is conducted. Numerical solutions for the crack tip field and the stress in the medium are obtained for various values such as crack length, crack spacing and layer thickness. Results are also given for the reduction of the equivalent Young’s modulus of the laminate due to multiple cracking. The cases of axial extension and residual temperature change of the composite medium are accounted for.     

Closed-form solution for two collinear cracks in a piezoelectric strip

Under the permeable electric boundary condition, the problem of two collinear anti-plane shear cracks lying at the mid-plane of a piezoelectric strip is investigated. By using the Fourier transform, the associated problem is reduced to a singular integral equation. Solving the resulting equation analytically, the electro-elastic field intensity factors and energy release rates at the inner and outer crack tips can be determined in explicit form. Numerical results for PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramic are also presented graphically. The results reveal that the effect of electric field on crack growth in piezoelectric materials is dependent on applied elastic displacement.     

周期界面裂纹的弹性波散射问题研究

本文研究了分布于两个关元限空间的周期界面对垂直入射Ｐ波及ＳＨ波的散射问题，文中利用有限Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换将一个周期带内散射场的边值问题转化为求解一个带周期核的奇异积分方程，并对ＳＨ波入射的情形进行了详细的分析，求解了相应的异积分方程，最后给出裂纹尖端的应力强度因子的计算公式及远离裂纹时散射位移场的渐进形式，并对散场的动态特性进行了数值分析。     

Solution of the elastic boundary value problems for a layer with tunnel stress raisers

A novel procedure for solving three-dimensional problems for elastic layer weakened by through-thickness tunnel cracks has been developed and is presented in this paper. This procedure reduces the given boundary value problem to an infinite system of one-dimensional singular integral equations and is based on a system of homogeneous solutions for a layer. Integral representations of single- and double-layer potentials are used for metaharmonic and harmonic functions entering in the singular integral equations. These representations provide a continuous extendibility of the stress vector while allowing a jump in the displacement vector in the transition through the cut.Expanding the potential and biharmonic solutions in the Fourier series over the thickness coordinate yields the integral representations of the displacement vector and stress tensor. The problem of reducing a denumerable set of the integral equations of the given boundary value problem to one-to-one correspondence with the set of unknown densities appearing in the Fourier’s coefficient representations has been settled efficiently. Numerical investigations show a rapid convergence of the proposed reduction procedure as applied to the solution of the infinite system of one-dimensional integral equations. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed method and demonstrate its advantages.     

弹性功能梯度材料板条中周期裂纹的反平面问题

讨论了弹性功能梯度材料板条中裂纹的反平面问题. 用Fourier 变换方法得到了一个基本解. 这个基本解表示了实轴上一点作用有点位错时引起的影响. 利 用此基本解可得单裂纹和周期裂纹问题的奇异积分方程. 在周期裂纹求解时, 远处裂纹对于中央裂纹的影响作了有效的近似处理. 最后, 给出了数值结果, 它表示了材料性质对于裂纹端应力强度因子的影响.