Ultraviolet Rayleigh Lidar for Wind and Temperature Measurements

A new method of simultaneous remote sensing of atmospheric wind and temperature by a ultraviolet Rayleigh lidar is described. This technique uses two narrowband filters located at either side of the wings of the Rayleigh backscatter spectrum to analyze Rayleigh backscattering signals. These filters are selected to be greatly sensitive to both velocity and temperature. By measuring the ratio and the sum of the two normalized filtered signals, the line-of-sight wind velocity and temperature profiles can be retrieved. A lidar system is proposed for the wind velocity and temperature measurements in the middle atmosphere, and the simulation results show that the accuracies of velocity and temperature are about 1 m/s and 2 K at the height of 30 km, respectively. The influence of aerosol component has been estimated for clear weather conditions, and with an uncertainty of aerosol component of 15% the errors are about 0.1 m/s and 2 K above the troposphere, respectively.     

Mie-Rayleigh Doppler Wind Lidar with Two Double-edge Interferometers

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Accuracy Analysis of the Fabry–Perot Etalon Based Doppler Wind Lidar

A direct detection Doppler wind lidar with the dual Fabry–Perot technique has been built in Hefei, China, and the system is described in this paper. A dual, air-spaced Fabry–Perot etalon is designed as the frequency discriminator and the transmission characteristics are measured with a stabilized cw laser and a pulse laser. The experimental data are found to be in agreement with the designed parameters. The Doppler shift is measured by taking the ratio of the transmitted intensities from the dual etalon. Analysis of the accuracy of Doppler measurement is made by considering the factors of the number of iterations in converting the measured ratio to the Doppler shift, the laser intensity fluctuation and the signal-to-noise ratio. In the sufficient signal-to-noise ratio the velocity accuracy of the Doppler lidar system is estimated to be better than 0.5 m/s.     

角度调谐的多普勒激光雷达硬目标转速测量

利用角度调谐方法确定直接探测多普勒测风激光雷达的初始工作点,角度调节精度可达10 μrad.在此工作点处使用频率稳定性为10-7,单纵模出现概率大于98%的Nd:YAG激光器,通过偏振分光光路测得参考信号与回波信号.配合目标准确放置到准直镜的焦距上,分别测量了配合目标静止,正转和反转时的参考信号与回波信号.利用配合目标静止时测得参考信号与回波信号的关系可得参考信号的角度矫正因子为1.1949,使用该矫正因子测得硬目标在正转和反转时转速与真实转速之间的误差小于0.5 m/s.     

Mobile Rayleigh Doppler wind lidar based on double-edge technique

<正>We describe a mobile molecular Doppler wind lidar(DWL) based on double-edge technique for wind measurement of altitudes ranging from 10 to 40 km.A triple Fabry-Perot etalon is employed as a frequency discriminator to determine the Doppler shift proportional to the wind velocity.The lidar operates at 355 nm with a 45-cm-aperture telescope and a matching azimuth-over-elevation scanner that provides full hemispherical pointing.To guarantee wind accuracy,a single servo loop is used to monitor the outgoing laser frequency to remove inaccuracies due to the frequency drift of the laser or the etalon.The standard deviation of the outgoing laser frequency drift is 6.18 MHz and the corresponding velocity error is 1.11 m/s.The wind profiles measured by the DWL are in good agreement with the results of the wind profile radar(WPR).Evaluation is achieved by comparing at altitudes from 2 to 8 km.The relative error of horizontal wind speed is from 0.8 to 1.8 m/s in the compared ranges.The wind accuracy is less than 6 m/s at 40 km and 3 m/s at 10 km.     

Differential Discrimination Technique for Incoherent Doppler Lidar to Measure Atmospheric Wind and Backscatter Ratio

A new incoherent Doppler lidar scheme is proposed using a high resolution Mach-Zehnder interferometer discriminator with sinusoidal transmission functions. A two-channel differential discrimination technique is developed which provides high sensitive velocity measurement. The aerosol and molecular backscatter signals can be separately measured and the backscatter ratio obtained. Principle of the measurement is described and the characteristics of this technique are analyzed and compared. Numerical calculation for a moderate size 1.064 μ lidar shows that an accuracy better than 1 m/s for the velocity measurement and 18% for the backscatter ratio measurement can be obtained up to a height of 10 km by a 500 shot average.     

机载激光雷达风切变探测性能分析

介绍了用于风切变测量的激光雷达外差探测系统，阐述了其工作原理，根据CO2雷达系统与Ho：YAG雷达系统相关参数进行信噪比模拟和风速误差对比，模拟结果表明波长为2．1μm的Ho：YAG雷达和波长为10．6μm CO2雷达都适合机载低空风切变探测。通过对比表明Ho：YAG雷达的性能更为优良，误差更小，探测距离更远。     

基于菲佐干涉仪测风激光雷达的误差分析

详细分析了基于菲佐(Fizeau)干涉仪测风激光雷达利用条纹重心法反演风速时的方法误差和系统噪声引起的测量误差。提出了方法误差的修正方法,推导出了测量误差理论公式。并用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了低对流层的回波信号,并对其进行条纹重心法风速反演。结果表明:方法误差和气溶胶与分子后向散射比有关,噪声引起的测量误差与信号强度和气溶胶与分子后向散射比有关。在0~5 km,高度采用条纹技术测量的风速误差小于1 m/s。     

基于大气分层的激光测风雷达回波模型

从相干激光测风雷达原理入手,论述了激光雷达回波特性和多普勒效应在测风雷达中的应用。基于大气分层模型,考虑到激光束的传播及其与大气之间的相互作用,建立了激光测风雷达回波模型,模拟回波信号在大气中的传输过程,为激光测风雷达回波信号的模拟提供了理论基础。     

新型双通道Mach-Zehnder干涉仪多普勒测风激光雷达鉴频系统研究及仿真

Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)干涉仪可作为鉴频器件应用于多普勒测风激光雷达系统中.鉴于一般M-Z干涉仪的稳定性差,不易于调节的缺点,提出一种基于双棱镜结构的新型双通道M-Z干涉仪作为多普勒测风激光雷达鉴频器件.在进行探测原理分析的基础上,利用光学设计软件对其鉴频系统结构进行了参量优化设计和系统仿真.通过设定实验参量并进行光线追迹模拟仿真实验结果,应用反演理论获得了风速值.利用多普勒频移公式计算获得理论风速并与仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明反演仿真风速与理论风速值基本吻合,标准差为0.46m/s.此新型双通道M-Z干涉仪可以作为鉴频器件应用于多普勒测风激光雷达系统中,在光路的调节及提高系统稳定性上具有优势.     

Wind profiling from high troposphere to low stratosphere using a scanning Rayleigh Doppler lidar

A scanning mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar based on the molecular double-edge technique is developed for wind measurement from high troposphere to low stratosphere in 5–35 km. To get higher optical efficiency and make the system more stable, a non-polarized beam splitter cube optically contacted to the FPI is used. This layout also provides a convenient method for null Doppler calibration. The laser frequency drift is measured by a wavelength meter and laser frequency locking is performed and an accuracy of ±?0.5 m/s are obtained in 10 h. Horizontal wind velocity and direction retrieval is described for a detecting method of scanning in four directions. To validate the performance of the lidar, comparison experiments were carried out in in Jiuquan (39.741°N, 98.495°E), Gansu province, northwest of China, from 16th October to 12th November 2015, which showed good agreement with radiosonde.     

Correction of temperature influence on the wind retrieval from a mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar

A mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar based on double-edge technique is implemented for simultaneously observing wind and temperature at heights of 15 km-60 km away from ground.Before the inversion of the Doppler shift due to wind,the Rayleigh response function should be calculated,which is a convolution of the laser spectrum,Rayleigh backscattering function,and the transmission function of the Fabry-Perot interferometer used as the frequency discriminator in the lidar.An analysis of the influence of the temperature on the accuracy of the Une-of-sight winds shows that real-time temperature profiles are needed because the bandwidth of the Rayleigh backscattering function is temperature-dependent.An integration method is employed in the inversion of the temperature,where the convergence of this method and the high signal-to-noise ratio below 60 km ensure the accuracy and precision of the temperature profiles inverted.Then,real-time and on-site temperature profiles are applied to correct the wind instead of using temperature profiles from a numerical prediction system or atmosphere model.The corrected wind profiles show satisfactory agreement with the wind profiles acquired from radiosondes,proving the reliability of the method.     

米氏散射激光雷达近场距离校正函数曲线拟合法修正

报道了一种修正米氏散射激光雷达近场回波信号的新方法,首先对近场区实测回波信号距离校正函数进行二次曲线拟合,获得拟合曲线与实测曲线的差分信号;然后对远场距离校正函数作直线拟合,在大气近似均匀假定下,获得近场回波信号距离校正函数直线斜率;最后将近场差分信号叠加在该直线上,获得修正后的近场回波信号距离校正函数曲线。用此方法对米氏散射激光雷达近场回波信号的实际计算证明,该方法可获得与实际更为接近的反演结果。     

星载激光测风雷达的光束扫描及风场反演

激光测风雷达通过多普勒频移来确定激光束视线方向大气风场的速度知矢量。由这些测得的矢量可反演大气风场群速的速度矢量。文讨论 用单一激光多普勒风速仪系统,激光束采用圆锥扫描方式,在扫描圆锥的垂直截面上取四个正交点上的多普勒风速矢量。通过这四个矢量,利用空间解析几何的知识,最终推导出观测视场上风场的水平和垂直方向的矢量分量。     

Compressing Dynamic Range of Wind Lidar Signals by Gate-control

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连续模式相干测风激光雷达性能优化分析及实验研究

基于风场探测的需求,采用1550 nm波长连续激光种子源搭建了一套全光纤结构多普勒相干测风雷达系统.从雷达方程出发,对连续激光相干雷达载噪比方程和不同雷达收发望远镜聚焦位置下风速合成权重进行了分析.针对测风雷达要求设计了5～200 m的变焦激光收发望远镜模块.扩束系统采用伽利略折射式结构,发射光束准直下扩束比为23,光...     

车载测污激光雷达对大气边界层气溶胶的斜程探测

利用自行研制的车载测污激光雷达系统 (AML 1)对大气边界层气溶胶进行了斜程探测 ,并给出了与之相应的数据处理方法。将该雷达相近时间内斜程测量与垂直测量的数据进行对比 ,结果表明此斜程探测及数据处理方法是合理可行的。文中列举了某斜程方向 (2 0°天顶角 )气溶胶随时间的演化图 ,以及某垂直剖面内气溶胶消光系数二维扫描图 ,这些典型结果很直观的反映了气溶胶时、空分布情况 ,对实现连续、实时、大范围污染监测有重要意义。