A wire trap for neutral atoms

We present new ways of trapping a neutral atom with static electric and magnetic fields. We discuss the interaction of a neutral atom with the magnetic field of a current carrying wire and the electric field of a charged wire. Atoms can be trapped by the 1/r magnetic field of a current-carrying wire in a two-dimensional trap. The atoms move in Kepler-like orbits around the wire and angular momentum prevents them from being absorbed at the wire. Trapping was demonstrated in an experiment by guiding atoms along a 1 m long current-carrying wire. Stable traps using the interaction of a polarizable atom with the electric field of a charged wire alone are not possible because of the 1/r ² form of the interaction potential. Nevertheless, we show that one can build a microscopic trap with a combination of a magnetic field generated by a current in a straight wire and the static electric field generated by a concentric charged ring which provides the longitudinal confinement. In all of these traps, the neutral atoms are trapped in a region of maximal field, in theirhigh-field seeking state.Dedicated to H. Walther on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Velocity distribution of plasma electrons in the negative H2- and He-glow with superimposed longitudinal magnetic field

The negative glow plasma has been found nearly field free in axial direction. Therefore plasma electrons in the stationary glow can thermalize down to the temperature of the neutral gas, whenever their diffusion—and recombination—lifetime is high enough. Applying Boltzmann's equation to this problem, the conditions of thermalization of plasma electrons are derived as a function of the outer parameters of the plasma: vessel diameter 2R, neutral gas pressurep and longitudinal magnetic fieldB. — If plasma electrons have a too short diffusion—and recombination—lifetime to be in thermal equilibrium with the neutral gas, the electron energy increases. For this case the distribution function of plasma electrons is derived using Boltzmann's equation. Approximating the calculated energy distribution by a Maxwellian distribution function, the electron temperature in the glow is obtained as a function of the parameters:R, p, B. OurT _e -measurements carried out in the H₂- and He-glows of different tube diameters, neutral gas pressures and magnetic fields agree closely with the theoretical results. TheT _e -measurements have been performed with Langmuir probes and by the method of reversal of the radial ambipolar electric field in a longitudinal magnetic field.     

柱面内爆磁通量压缩实验中的磁扩散过程

利用一维磁流体力学程序MC11D,对套筒材料为不锈钢的柱面内爆磁通量压缩实验进行了数值模拟,研究了其中的磁扩散过程。计算结果表明:当套筒空腔中的磁场被压缩到350 T左右时,峭面磁扩散波开始形成,磁扩散波的波前从套筒内壁开始以0.75 km/s的平均速度向外快速推进,给磁场的压缩带来了不利影响;随着套筒内壁温度迅速升高,内壁附近会形成一个电阻率仅有0.3 mcm左右的等离子体保护层,又极大地减缓了空腔磁场向套筒中扩散的速度。在磁压缩过程中,峭面磁扩散波和等离子体层对于空腔磁场的扩散起着相反的作用,两者在发展的过程中相互竞争,在不同的阶段分别起着主导作用。     

HL-2M装置5 MW中性束加热束线离子源放电室研制

为了给HL-2M装置建设一条5 MW中性束加热束线,开展了中性束加热用热阴极弧放电离子源放电室的研制。这条中性束束线包含4套80 kV/45 A/5 s离子源,放电室的设计指标为850 A/5 s。首先采用CST软件中的电磁工作室对特定几何结构的放电室会切磁场进行了模拟计算,得到了会切磁场分布,验证了会切磁场布局的合理性。针对放电室加工工艺和实验过程中局部拉弧等问题,对放电室结构进行了不断改进。放电室侧壁由40列会切磁体改为7圈环形磁体,阴极灯丝结构从灯丝板结构最终改为陶瓷可伐结构,并且在放电室和加速器之间增加了陶瓷屏蔽。在阴极板结构放电室和阴极陶瓷可伐结构放电室内都获得了正常的弧放电。最终定型的放电室采用周边7圈环形会切磁体和陶瓷可伐结构。在定型的放电室内达到了5 MW中性束束线离子源弧放电的指标。弧放电时间接近5 s,最大弧放电电流达到1 000 A。     

基于电磁感应的脉冲功率发生器试验研究

为了验证基于电磁感应原理的脉冲发生器的可行性,设计了一种小型脉冲发生器试验模型。对发生器的初始磁场与磁芯转变过程进行了分析与计算,建立了发生器的等效电路模型,并结合试验测量的负载电阻电压得出发生器的感应电压。设计的发生器整体直径约70mm,长度约85mm,其中磁芯直径为25mm,长度为25mm,提供初始磁场的永磁体厚度为10mm,试验得出发生器感应电压峰值为784.5V,与理论计算结果基本吻合,验证了发生器的可行性。     

Experimental limit on optical-photon coupling to light neutral scalar bosons

We report on the first results of a sensitive search for scalar coupling of photons to a light neutral boson in the mass range of approximately 1.0 meV (milli-electron volts) and coupling strength greater than 10(-6) GeV(-1) using optical photons. This was a photon regeneration experiment using the "light shining through a wall" technique in which laser light was passed through a strong magnetic field upstream of an optical beam dump; regenerated laser light was then searched for downstream of a second magnetic field region optically shielded from the former. Our results show no evidence for scalar coupling in this region of parameter space.     

Neutrino magnetic moment solution for the solar neutrino problem and the SNO experiment

The motivations for the magnetic moment solution to the solar neutrino problem are briefly reviewed and the expected values for a number of observables to be measured by the SNO experiment are calculated assuming three different solar magnetic field profiles. The observables examined are the charged current event rate, the ratio of the neutral current to the charged current event rates and the charged current electron spectrum as well as their first and second moments. The dependence of results on the hep neutrino flux is also analysed and a comparison is made with the corresponding oscillation results.     

多注行波管周期永磁聚焦系统

 利用自行开发的3维行波管仿真软件研究了五注耦合腔行波管周期永磁聚焦系统,分析了各个电子注通道内的静磁场分布和电子注聚焦性能。讨论了在有无初始横向速度的情况下各电子注的聚焦情况。并对外层电子注通道内的横向磁场的性质和其造成的对电子注聚焦的影响进行了分析,结果表明:该多注周期永磁聚焦系统具有良好的静磁场分布特性与电子注聚焦性能,在结构设计合理时,横向磁场对外层通道内电子注的聚焦影响很小,可以忽略。     

Cyclotron dynamics of neutral atoms in optical lattices with additional magnetic field and harmonic trap potential

We analytically and numerically discuss the stability and dynamics of neutral atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice subjected to an additional harmonic trap potential and artificial magnetic field. The harmonic trap potential plays a key role in modifying the equilibrium state properties of the system and stabilizing the cyclotron orbits of the condensate.Meanwhile, the presence of the harmonic trap potential and lattice potential results in rich cyclotron dynamics of the condensate. The coupling effects of lattice potential, artificial magnetic field, and harmonic trap potential lead to single periodic, multi-periodic or quasi-periodic cyclotron orbits of the condensate. So we can control the cyclotron dynamics of neutral atoms in optical lattice by manipulating the strength of harmonic confinement, artificial magnetic field, and initial conditions. Our results provide a direct theoretical evidence for the cyclotron dynamics of neutral atoms in optical lattices exposed to the artificial gauge magnetic field and harmonic trap potential.     

Aharanov-Bohm interference and fractional statistics in a quantum Hall interferometer

We compute the temperature, voltage, and magnetic field dependences of the conductance oscillations of a model interferometer designed to measure the fractional statistics of the quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The geometry is the same as that used in recent experiments. With appropriate assumptions concerning the relative areas of the inner and outer rings of the interferometer, we find the theoretical results, including the existence of super periodic Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, to be in remarkably good agreement with experiment. We then make additional experimental predictions with no adjustable parameters which, if verified, would confirm the proposed interpretation of the experiment as a measurement of fractional statistics.     

3D Modeling of the solar corona in different stages of the solar magnetic cycle over the period 1870 to 1991

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the solar corona has been carried out on the basis of the magnetic field distribution on H-alpha charts for the epochs of solar eclipses that occur near the epoch of the polar magnetic field reversal. Analysis of the 3D modeling shows that:

1. Besides the global neutral sheet, two high-latitude coronal neutral sheets are also observed during the epoch of the polar magnetic field reversal.
2. The observed structure of the coronal streamers is due to a projection of the folds of corrugated neutral sheets on the picture plane rather than due to the peculiar configuration of the magnetic field lines.

     

Quantum states of neutral atoms bound in the magnetic field of a Kepler-guide

The spectrum and the wave function of neutral atoms in the magnetic field of a Kepler-guide are presented by reducing a two-dimensional stationary Schrdinger equation to a one-dimensional hydrogen atom in Rydberg states. In addition, we set the scale for     

超高速激光纹影技术测量脉冲功率驱动的磁重联现象

用超高速激光纹影技术测量了Z箍缩等离子体磁重联现象。实验采用超高速光电分幅相机,配合激光纹影技术,测量了XP-1装置上两根金属丝产生的等离子体分布,论证了超高速激光纹影技术研究Z箍缩磁重联现象的可行性。双钨丝实验结果表明,电流加载约10ns后金属丝已有明显膨胀,线性拟合得到平均膨胀速度约8km/s,金属丝内外两侧出现了规则的极有可能是垂直磁场的电热不稳定性扰动,并沿角向高度关联。铝丝负载的实验结果表明,早期的不稳定性波长为0.4mm,电流峰值之后金属丝初始位置仍有大量等离子体,后期的不稳定性波长约1.5mm。这些现象揭示了不稳定性发展的一个主要特征:短波模式受抑制,长波模式将占主导。     

Heliospheric modulation of high-energy cosmic rays: II. Deformation of the neutral surface

Analysis of neutron monitor data in the periods of negative and positive polarities of the general solar magnetic field has revealed a dependence of the long-term cosmic-ray modulation on both deformation of the neutral surface of the interplanetary magnetic field and solar activity level. The effects of solar activity and neutral surface deformation dominate at positive and negative polarities, respectively. The magnetic drift of cosmic rays with different trajectories in the epochs of positive and negative polarities is responsible for this behavior of the 11-year and annual density modulations.     

一种霍尔效应测量磁场的设计方法

针对大学物理实验中＂霍尔效应法测量磁场＂项目只能测长直螺线管轴线上一维稳恒磁场分布的不足,提出一种设计方法,来测量任一未知稳恒磁场的二维分布,进而可扩展到测量三维分布。可使学生深刻全面理解霍尔效应测磁场的原理及磁场的性质,并可作为设计性实验项目在大学物理实验课中开出,培养学生的创新意识。     

利用原子的塞曼光谱对半导体激光器进行稳频

中性原子的超精细能级在磁场中产生塞曼分裂 ,另外 ,左旋和右旋圆偏振光激发下原子的跃迁选择定则不同 ,因此 ,原子在超精细塞曼能级间的吸收谱峰相对无磁场条件下的吸收谱峰有一定的移动。利用这一点 ,验证了一种简单、灵活的方法对半导体激光器进行稳频 ,使激光器的线宽稳到小于 1MHz。通过对实验结果的分析 ,发现由左旋和右旋圆偏振光激发引起的原子吸收谱峰移动之和与饱和吸收峰半高宽相等时 ,稳频效果最好     

Miniaturized magnetic guide for neutral atoms

We describe the principle and realization of a miniaturized magnetic guide for neutral atoms. The magnetic guide in our experiment is formed by a micrometer-sized current-carrying wire which is attached to a second, thick wire. The conductors are electrically insulated from each other. The combined magnetic field of both conductors provides an approximately linear trapping potential which establishes a magnetic guide along the surface of the thin wire. The miniaturized waveguide is filled with rubidium atoms from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) by first loading the atoms into a spherical magnetic quadrupole trap which is subsequently transformed into the linear potential of the waveguide. As thermal source for Rb atoms we use an alkali metal dispenser which is located close to the center of the MOT. This novel method is compatible with ultrahigh vacuum conditions and we achieved lifetimes of the magnetically trapped atoms up to 100 s. Received: 18 October 1999 / Published online: 24 March 2000     

生物磁铁矿的磁各向异性与磁接收器

磁铁矿是分布广泛且非常重要的亚铁磁材料,也广泛分布在生物体中。生物体中的磁铁矿具有完美的晶体结构,大多为超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒,且大多呈链状分布,具有明显的磁各向异性。生物体中存在“磁接收器”,生物磁铁矿是“磁接收器”的生物物理基础。本文中,从超顺磁磁铁矿颗粒和单畴磁铁矿颗粒的物理特性出发,主要是从它们的磁各向异性特性的基础上描述了生物磁铁矿和“磁接收器”的工作机制,即在某些条件下,在外界地磁场强度量级的磁场作用下,超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒可以诱导产生足够强的磁场,使邻近的晶体可以相互吸引或排斥,这些粒子间的相互作用可以改变晶体颗粒束所在的外围机体形状,而神经系统可以探测到单独的粒子束或一列粒子束的扩张或收缩,因此生物体就可以探测到磁场的方向以及强度等磁场参量。     

生物磁铁矿的磁各向异性与磁接收器

磁铁矿是分布广泛且非常重要的亚铁磁材料,也广泛分布在生物体中。生物体中的磁铁矿具有完美的晶体结构,大多为超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒,且大多呈链状分布,具有明显的磁各向异性。生物体中存在“磁接收器”,生物磁铁矿是“磁接收器”的生物物理基础。本文中,从超顺磁磁铁矿颗粒和单畴磁铁矿颗粒的物理特性出发,主要是从它们的磁各向异性特性的基础上描述了生物磁铁矿和“磁接收器”的工作机制, 即在某些条件下,在外界地磁场强度量级的磁场作用下,超顺磁颗粒或单畴颗粒可以诱导产生足够强的磁场,使邻近的晶体可以相互吸引或排斥, 这些粒子间的相互作用可以改变晶体颗粒束所在的外围机体形状,而神经系统可以探测到单独的粒子束或一列粒子束的扩张或收缩,因此生物体就可以探测到磁场的方向以及强度等磁场参量。     

Guiding neutral atoms on a chip

We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms by the magnetic fields due to microfabricated current-carrying wires on a chip. Atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to and above the current-carrying wires. Two guide configurations are demonstrated: one using two wires with an external magnetic field, and a second using four wires without an external field. These guide geometries can be extended to integrated atom optics circuits, including beam splitters.