改性稻壳脱除贝类酶解液中的重金属镉

用聚天冬氨酸(PASP)改性碳化稻壳作为吸附剂脱除贝类酶解液中的镉。通过单因素试验研究了pH、脱除时间、稻壳投加量和温度对镉脱除率的影响。使用响应面分析法获得了镉的最佳脱除条件:pH为4. 5,脱除时间为50 min,稻壳投加量为0. 30g。在此条件下镉的理论脱除率可达到94. 39%。实验测得贝类酶解液试样中镉的脱除率为92. 04%(94. 38%。研究表明,PASP改性碳化稻壳能显著提高吸附镉的效率和能力,可用于脱除贝类酶解液中的重金属镉。     

聚天冬氨酸脱除贝肉匀浆液中的重金属镉

以四角蛤蜊贝肉匀浆液为材料,利用聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对镉的优良结合能力来脱除贝肉匀浆液中的重金属镉。考察了PASP浓度、p H、脱除时间、料液比对贝肉匀浆液中镉脱除率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验确定了脱除镉的优化条件。在PASP浓度0.05mol/L,p H 3.0,反应时间3h,料液比1∶10条件下,重金属镉的脱除率可达89.77%。因此,PASP可用于脱除贝肉匀浆液中的重金属镉。     

生物质竹炭对水中Cd~(2+)的吸附行为研究

以竹炭和经化学改性竹炭作为吸附剂,研究其对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附特性,探讨了竹炭对Cd2+的吸附热力学和吸附动力学性质,通过单因子优化实验探讨了温度、竹炭投加量和p H值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:竹炭及改性竹炭对Cd2+的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,在18h可达到平衡;其等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量分别为10.18mg/g和16.71mg/g;两者对Cd2+的吸附受温度的影响较小;竹炭及改性竹炭的最佳投加量分别为0.8g、0.6g;p H对竹炭及改性竹炭吸附Cd2+的影响较大,在p H 2~6范围时,竹炭及改性竹炭对Cd2+的吸附量随p H的增加而增加。     

邻菲咯啉改性膨润土吸附水中镉离子的研究

通过邻菲咯啉改性膨润土,对水中镉离子进行吸附性能的研究.探讨了投加量、pH值、接触时间、温度等影响因素对改性膨润土吸附镉离子的影响.实验结果表明:在25℃,250 r/min,pH 5.5,NaNO3浓度0.01 mol/L,投加量为5.0 g/L,镉离子质量浓度100 mg/L的条件下,未改性膨润土对水中镉离子的吸附...     

介孔二氧化硅纳米球对水中Mo(VI)的吸附研究

本研究制备了介孔二氧化硅纳米球(MSN),并用之吸附脱除水中的Mo(VI)。应用扫描电镜、介孔分析仪、红外光谱等对MSN进行了表征。考察了pH、吸附时间、MSN投加量和温度对水中Mo(VI)脱除率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上通过正交试验法确定了Mo(VI)的最佳脱除条件：pH=3,MSN投加量为 8.5g/L,吸附时间为36h。在优化吸附试验条件下MSN对加标水中Mo(VI)的脱除率为93.6% ~ 97.3%。     

改性核桃壳生物炭对模拟水样中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

该文利用改性核桃壳生物炭对水中Pb(Ⅱ)进行吸附研究,探究了吸附剂投加量、pH值、接触时间、金属离子初始浓度和温度对吸附性能的影响,并对改性前后核桃壳的吸附性能进行了比较.Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度为100mg/L时,在298K下,当pH值为5.0、投加量为7g/L、以180r/min振荡吸附2h,改性吸附剂CMBC的平衡吸附...     

阳离子交换树脂脱除罗非鱼酶解液腥味的研究

通过静态吸附实验研究了5种阳离子交换树脂对罗非鱼肉酶解液腥味的脱除效果,发现阳离子树脂均有适当的脱腥作用,其中D113型树脂效果最好。在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验设计,优化D113型树脂脱腥工艺,结果表明,在25℃下脱腥的最佳工艺参数为酶解液pH值5.0、树脂用量5.0%(m/v)、接触时间1.0h。在此工艺条件下,酶解液的腥味最低,蛋白质回收率为80.61%。本工艺可用于鱼蛋白酶解液的脱腥。     

竹炭对溶液中铬(Ⅵ)的吸附特性研究

研究了竹炭对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性。研究内容包括接触时间、pH、投料量、吸附温度和溶液中铬的初始质量浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明,竹炭能有效地除去水溶液中的铬。在pH3.0~6.2的HAc-NaAc缓冲体系中,竹炭对溶液中的铬均有较大的吸附能力,最佳的吸附酸度为pH 3.5;吸附温度升高,吸附量增大,说明吸附是吸热过程;Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好的描述吸附过程;用NaOH和微波加热法对吸附后的竹炭进行再生试验,竹炭的吸附能力可恢复到原来的98%以上。竹炭可作为理想的除铬吸附的材料。     

改性蔗髓重金属吸附剂去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学研究

对甘蔗渣预处理后以Na OH和二硫化碳改性转型合成重金属吸附剂。实验结果表明,改性后蔗髓纤维(MSCB)投加量为4 g/L,对50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)的最大吸附量为9.8 mg/g,平衡时间为30~60 min,去除率达98.05%,出水浓度0.78 mg/L,比改性前蔗髓纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率(23.7%)提高了74.35%。MSCB对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附进行Langmuir与Freundlich等温吸附方程拟合,更符合Langmuir单分子化学吸附;对吸附动力学拟合模型分析,吸附过程更符合准二级速率方程;吸附热力学模型显示该吸附为自发进行的吸热反应且是熵增过程。     

层状氢氧化镁铝焙烧产物对SCN-的吸附性能

研究了层状氢氧化镁铝焙烧产物对SCN-的吸附行为,考察了焙烧温度、吸附温度、时间、pH值等因素对吸附的影响.在SCN-初始浓度为25 mg/L,温度为40℃,焙烧物投加量为2 g/L,pH值为6的条件下,4 h达到吸附平衡,SCN-脱除率可达96.91%.吸附过程符合Langmu ir等温方程式,主要是单分子层的吸热吸附.     

Removal of Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN from aqueous solutions using adsorption techniques

The wheat husk, an agricultural by-product, has been activated and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN from aqueous solution. In this work, adsorption of Reactofix Navy Blue 2 GFN on wheat husk and charcoal has been studied by using batch studies. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined to be a function of the solution pH, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and contact time. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of wheat husk and charcoal for dye removal were obtained using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters such as the free energies, enthalpies and entropies of adsorption were also evaluated. Adsorption process is considered suitable for removing color, COD from waste water.     

竹炭对砷（Ⅲ）离子的吸附行为研究

研究了溶液的pH值与初始质量浓度、竹炭用量、吸附时间以及温度等因素对As（Ⅲ）离子吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,在pH为3．00和12．50的情况下,竹炭对As（Ⅲ）离子有较好的吸附效果;同时吸附率随初始质量浓度的增加而降低,吸附能在180min内达到吸附平衡;等温吸附服从Freundlieh吸附等温方程式,酸性条件和碱性条件的最佳吸附温度分别为30℃和40℃。认为竹炭可作为理想的除砷吸附材料。     

Biosorption of Cadmium,Lead, and Uranium by Powder of Poplar Leaves and Branches

The removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions by biosorption plays an important role in water pollution control. In this study, dried leaves and branches of poplar trees were studied for removing some toxic elements (cadmium, lead, and uranium) from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium experiments were systematically carried out in a batch process, covering various process parameters that include agitation time, adsorbent size and dosage, initial cadmium, lead and uranium concentration, and pH of the aqueous solution. Adsorption behavior was found to follow Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The results have shown that both dried leaves and branches can be effectively used for removing uranium, while only branches were found to remove lead and cadmium completely from the aqueous solution. The maximum biosorption capacity of leaves for uranium was found to be 2.3 mg g⁻¹ and 1.7 mg g⁻¹ and 2.1 mg g⁻¹ for lead and cadmium on branches, respectively. In addition, the studied biomass materials were used in removing lead and cadmium from contaminated water and the method was found to be effective.     

Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewaters by bone charcoal

The adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto bone charcoal was studied as a function of time, amount of charcoal, pH, concentration of chromium and sample volume. The cross interference with other elements was also investigated. Tests were carried out with solutions of chromium(VI) at concentrations between 5 and 25 mg · L^–1. Chromium removal efficiencies higher than 90% were achieved at pH = 1 using 2 g of bone charcoal and a stirring time in the order of 30 min. Acid and alkaline pretreatments of bone charcoal did not improve the sorption capacity of bone charcoal against Cr(VI). The presence of other ions had practically no influence on the chromium removal. The presence of a matrix of tannery effluents did not reduce the removal capacity of bone charcoal for Cr(VI), but it was confirmed that only 47% of Cr(III) can be removed using these conditions. Received: 20 July 1998 / Revised: 4 October 1998 / Accepted: 10 October 1998     

不同炭吸附材料对溶液中Pb^2＋的吸附性能比较

为比较不同炭吸附材料木炭、竹炭、改性木炭和改性竹炭对溶液中铅（Ⅱ）的吸附性能,研究了pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附平衡时间等因素对吸附量的影响。动力学研究表明,它们对铅（Ⅱ）的吸附均可用准一级动力学方程描述,测定了不同炭对铅（Ⅱ）吸附的表观速率常数,Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好地描述吸附过程;以我国饮用水标准中铅的限值0．05mg／L为标准,研究了一定质量浓度及一定量含铅废水处理时,所需吸附剂投料量的估算方法和实验验证结果,结果表明,控制合适的吸附条件,竹炭能较完全有效地除去废水中的铅。     

Optimization of cadmium adsorption from aqueous solutions by functionalized graphene and the reversible magnetic recovery of the adsorbent using response surface methodology

Novel functionalized graphene adsorbent was prepared and characterized using different techniques. The prepared adsorbent was applied for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution. A response surface methodology was used to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the various parameters, including adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the cadmium removal performance of 70% was achieved. A good agreement between experimental and predicted data in this study was observed. The experimental results revealed of cadmium adsorption with high linearity follow Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 502 mg g^?1, and the adsorption data fitted well into pseudo‐second order model. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption process has exothermic and spontaneous nature. The recommended optimum conditions are: cadmium concentration of 970 mg L^?1, adsorbent dosage of 1 g L^?1, pH of 6.18, and T = 25 °C. The magnetic recovery of the adsorbent was performed using a magnetic surfactant to form a noncovalent magnetic functionalized graphene. After magnetic recovery of the adsorbent both components (adsorbent and magnetic surfactant) were recycled by tuning the surface charges through changing the pH of the solution. Desorption behavior studied using HNO₃ solution indicated that the adsorbent had the potential for reusability.     

Removal of trivalent chromium from tannery waste waters using bone charcoal

The ability of bone charcoal to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions by adsorption has been investigated. The adsorbent used was first characterised and then the adsorption was studied as a function of time and amount of charcoal. Tests were carried out with synthetic solutions whose Cr concentrations (500 mg L(-1)) were similar to those found in some effluents of Moroccan tannery industries. Cr removal efficiencies higher than 90% were obtained at pH 3.5 using 3 g of bone charcoal and a stirring time of about 30 min. Results of Cr removal by all sieved fractions of bone charcoal had shown the same interesting capabilities for Cr(III) retention. The cross interference with other elements was also investigated. Pre-treatment of bone charcoal by nitric acid led to an increase in its specific surface area but induced a drastic reduction in its Cr elimination abilities. Adsorption tests were also carried out using calcinated bone charcoal. The results obtained showed a similar percentage of Cr retention to those found with untreated bone charcoal. On the other hand, a double treatment of bone charcoal with HCl and NaOH provided an enhancement of Cr(III) retention. The role played by the mineral fraction of the solid phase of bone was thus evidenced.     

Investigation of feasibility of bamboo charcoal as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the enrichment and determination of four phthalate esters in environmental water samples

This paper demonstrates, for the first time, that adsorptive potential of bamboo charcoal for solid-phase extraction of phthalate esters was investigated. The four phthalate esters, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), are quantitatively adsorbed on a bamboo charcoal packed cartridge, then the analytes retained on the cartridge are quantitatively desorbed with optimum amounts of acetone. Finally, the analytes in the eluant acetone are determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detectior. Important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, such as eluant and its volume, flow rate of sample, sample volume, pH, the amount of adsorbent and ionic strength were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 0.35-0.43 microg/L for four phthalate esters. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of rainwater and tap water samples. And satisfactory spiked recoveries were obtained in the range of 75.0-114.2%. All the results indicated that the bamboo charcoal has great potential as a novel adsorbent material for the enrichment and determination of phthalate esters in real environmental water samples.