辅助配体对噌啉类铱配合物光电性能的影响

合成了2种新的噌啉类铱配合物（dpci）₂Ir（paz）和（dpci）₂Ir（taz）（dpci=3,4-二苯基噌啉,pazH=5-（2''-吡啶基）-3-三氟甲基-吡唑,tazH=5-（2''-吡啶基）-3-三氟甲基-1,2,4-三唑）,通过核磁共振氢谱和氟谱及高分辨质谱对其结构进行了确定,同时对其光电性能进行了表征。结果表明在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（1%,w/w）中（dpci）₂Ir（paz）和（dpci）₂Ir（taz）的发光波长分别为616和612 nm,相对参比铱配合物（dpci）₂Ir（pic）的波长（625 nm）有了较大蓝移,发光量子效率也由16.1%提高到了51.9%和32.5%。改进辅助配体后,材料的稳定性明显提高,使其能用蒸镀法制备有机电致发光器件。基于（dpci）₂Ir（paz）的器件发光为纯红光,CIE色坐标为（0.66,0.34）,最大亮度为2 054 cd·m^-2,最大电流效率为8.5 cd·A^-1。基于（dpci）₂Ir（taz）的器件最大亮度为2 931 cd·m^-2,最大电流效率为14.5 cd·A^-1。     

苯基噌啉铱配合物的合成及电致发光性质

合成了一种新型环金属铱(Ⅲ)配合物(dpci)2Ir(pic),通过核磁共振氢谱和飞行时间质谱对配合物的结构进行了确定,同时对其光物理性能和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明(dpci)2Ir(pic)在二氯甲烷中的发光波长为657 nm,量子产率约为0.005,磷光寿命为226 ns。其HOMO能级为-5.16 eV,LUMO能级为-3.16 eV。将铱配合物以0.5~4.0%质量浓度掺杂于聚乙烯基咔唑(PVK)-2-(4-叔丁基苯)-5-(4-联苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑(PBD)中,通过旋涂成膜做成电致发光器件。掺杂2.0%的器件表现出最好的性能,电致发光波长为658 nm。器件的启明电压为11.5 V,最大外量子效率为9.1%,最大亮度为2 484 cdm-2,对应的流明效率为5.31cd.A-1。色坐标是(0.66,0.31)接近标准红色的色坐标。     

螺芴对含三齿磷配体的铱配合物光电性能的影响

合成了一种含4,5-二氮-9,9-螺二芴(sb)配体的三齿磷铱配合物Ir(tpit)(sb)Cl(tpitH2=亚磷酸三苯基酯),通过核磁共振氢谱和磷谱及高分辨质谱对其结构进行了确定。X射线单晶衍射分析表明,sb配体的存在扭曲了分子结构,有助于降低分子聚集及发光淬灭。与存在分子内π-π堆积的模型配合物Ir(tpit)(bpy)Cl(bpy=2,2′-联吡啶)对比进行了光电性能的研究。结果表明在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(质量分数1%)中配合物Ir(tpit)(sb)Cl的发光波长为512 nm,相对配合物Ir(tpit)(bpy)Cl的波长(520 nm)有了8 nm蓝移。配合物Ir(tpit)(sb)Cl的发光量子效率为30%,与配合物Ir(tpit)(bpy)Cl的94%相比有明显降低,说明了分子内π-π堆积作用在降低柔性基团非辐射跃迁率方面的重要作用。基于配合物Ir(tpit)(sb)Cl的有机电致发光器件,最大电流效率和外量子效率分别为14 cd·A-1和4.5%。而由于分子内π-π堆积作用,基于配合物Ir(tpit)(bpy)Cl器件的最大电流效率和外量子效率分别高达60 cd·A-1和18.2%。     

含三氟乙酰苯基喹啉配体的铱配合物的合成及其电致发光性能

通过2-(4'-三氟乙酰苯基)-4-苯基喹啉(tfapqH)与三氯化铱反应生成了二氯桥中间体,然后用吡啶-2-甲酸(picH)解离得到双环金属铱配合物Ir(tfapq)₂pic。Ir(tfapq)₂pic在二氯甲烷中的发光波长为584 nm,量子产率约为0.846,磷光寿命为1.211 μs,比没有三氟乙酰修饰的铱配合物波长蓝移的10 nm,量子效率提高了约5%,磷光寿命降低了0.286 μs,辐射跃迁加快,半波宽度降低了约26%,色纯度提高。其HOMO能级为-5.405 eV,LUMO能级为-3.277 eV,能级相对于未修饰的配合物都有所降低,且HOMO降低更明显,总的效果是能级差增加。Ir(tfapq)₂pic 10%的热失重温度为301 ℃,比未修饰铱配合高近50 ℃。当Ir(tfapq)₂pic以2%质量浓度掺杂于PVK-PBD中做成电致发光器件时的效率最高,电致发光波长为594 nm。器件的启明电压为7.3 V,最大亮度为8 571 cd·m^-2,最大外量子效率为12.65%,对应的流明效率为22.14 cd·A^-1。色坐标是(0.58,0.40)。     

含三氟乙酰苯基喹啉配体的铱配合物的合成及其电致发光性能

通过2-(4'-三氟乙酰苯基)-4-苯基喹啉(tfapqH)与三氯化铱反应生成了二氯桥中间体,然后用吡啶-2-甲酸(picH)解离得到双环金属铱配合物Ir(tfapq)₂pic。Ir(tfapq)₂pic在二氯甲烷中的发光波长为584 nm,量子产率约为0.846,磷光寿命为1.211 μs,比没有三氟乙酰修饰的铱配合物波长蓝移的10 nm,量子效率提高了约5%,磷光寿命降低了0.286 μs,辐射跃迁加快,半波宽度降低了约26%,色纯度提高。其HOMO能级为-5.405 eV,LUMO能级为-3.277 eV,能级相对于未修饰的配合物都有所降低,且HOMO降低更明显,总的效果是能级差增加。Ir(tfapq)₂pic 10%的热失重温度为301 ℃,比未修饰铱配合高近50 ℃。当Ir(tfapq)₂pic以2%质量浓度掺杂于PVK-PBD中做成电致发光器件时的效率最高,电致发光波长为594 nm。器件的启明电压为7.3 V,最大亮度为8 571 cd·m^-2,最大外量子效率为12.65%,对应的流明效率为22.14 cd·A^-1。色坐标是(0.58,0.40)。     

系列2-苯基喹啉类铱配合物的合成及电化学发光性能研究

以4-甲氧羰基-2-苯基喹啉为环金属配体,N^N辅助配体为解离配体合成了一系列离子型环金属铱配合物.配合物的结构通过质谱、核磁进行了表征.配合物1还测试了其单晶结构.对配合物的紫外、磷光性质进行了表征,溶液状态下为红光发射,波长在610～620 nm之间,磷光寿命在133～496 ns之间,量子效率在0.7%～16.6%之间.铱配合物的电化学发光与23Ru(bpy)+有所不同,发光电位比23Ru(bpy)+要高,且大部分铱配合物在正负电位都能发光,最大发光强度是23Ru(bpy)+的三倍.     

一种吡嗪铱(Ⅲ)配合物的晶体结构及光物理性质

合成了一种铱配合物二(4,4'-二氟-5-甲基-2,3-二苯基吡嗪) (乙酰丙酮)合铱[(MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)]的有机电致发光器件(OLED),利用X射线单晶衍射仪测定了该化合物的晶体结构. 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、发射光谱对其光物理性质进行研究. 结果表明: (MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)的单晶结构属于三斜晶系, P1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.13984(3) nm, b=1.26718(3) nm, c=1.29541(3) nm, α=93.7181(19)°, β=101.638(2)°, γ=110.853(3)°, V=1.69336(7) nm³; (MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)在二氯甲烷溶液中的发射峰为555 nm. 以(MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)为客体材料,制备了结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/CBP: (MDPPF)₂Ir(acac)(20 nm)/TPBi(10 nm)/Alq₃ (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的一系列不同掺杂浓度器件, 器件的发射峰位于558 nm, 最大亮度达到32700 cd·m^-2,最大电流效率44.3 cd·A^-1, 最大功率效率20.7 lm·W^-1.     

含咔唑基的苯并噻唑类铱配合物的合成及其光学性能

以2-溴咔唑为原料,经烷基化、Suziki偶联和环化3步反应合成了新型的环金属配体2-[4-(9-乙基-9H-咔唑-2-基)苯基]苯并噻唑(3);3与三氯化铱和N^N辅助配体(2,2’-联吡啶和1,10-菲啰啉)解离合成了两个新型的离子型环金属铱配合物(5a)和(5b),其结构经1H NMR和ESI-MS表征。用UV-Vis和FL研究了5a和5b的发光性能。结果表明:5a和5b的二氯甲烷溶液为绿色磷光,λex分别为295 nm,450 nm和270 nm,400 nm;λem为570 nm。     

带烷氧基的苯基蒎烯吡啶铱配合物的合成及光物理性质

合成了一组新型的带有烷氧基团的铱(Ⅲ)配合物[Ir(RO-pppy)3], 并进行了结构表征. 该组配合物在~496 nm处有较强的三重态发射, 磷光量子产率为0.4~0.6, 三重态寿命为2~4 μs. 结果表明, 连接了长链的配合物可减少分子间的聚集, 可以用作有机电致发光器件中的磷光材料.     

吸电子基团调控苯基喹啉类铱配合物的合成及光物理性能

以2,2,6,6-四甲基庚二酮(tmd)为辅助配体,2,4-二取代基苯基-4-甲基喹啉(2,4-2R-mpq)为主配体,在主配体中苯基的2位和4位同时引入氟(F)、甲氧基(MeO)或三氟甲基(CF₃),合成出3个铱磷光配合物(2,4-2R-mpq)₂Ir(tmd)(R=F (1)、MeO(2)、CF³(3))。通过元素分析、核磁共振谱和单晶X射线衍射表征了配合物的组成和分子结构。通过紫外可见吸收光谱、光致发光光谱和理论计算对配合物的光物理性能进行了研究。结果表明：3个配合物的晶体均为三斜晶系,空间群均为■,呈稍微扭曲的八面体构型。配合物1、2和3在溶液状态下的发射波长分别为570、582和604 nm,溶液中量子产率分别为96%、80%和80%。在主配体中苯基的2位和4位同时引入F或MeO,配合物电子云发生聚集,而引入CF₃,配合物的电子云分散。与配合物3相比,配合物1和2的发射波长发生了显著的蓝移。     

Ancillary Ligand Effects on Red-Emitting Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes

In this work, a series of ten new red-emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes of the type Ir(C^N)₂(L^X) (C^N=cyclometalating ligand, L^X=monoanionic chelating ancillary ligand) is introduced. The suite of new complexes includes two different cyclometalating ligands and five different ancillary ligands, with the primary goal of investigating the effect of the ancillary ligand structure on the excited-state dynamics. The structural variety of the ancillary ligands permitted investigations of the effects of donor atom identity, chelate ring size, and substituents on the electronic structure and excited state properties. Electrochemical analysis showed that the ancillary ligand has a substantial effect on the energy of the HOMO, whereas the LUMO is left unperturbed. Photoluminescence spectra showed that the ancillary ligand can sometimes strongly influence the emission wavelength, but in all cases is an important determinant of the excited-state dynamics.     

以3-乙酰基樟脑作为辅助配体的环金属铱配合物的合成及光电性能研究

以立体位阻3-乙酰基樟脑为辅助配体合成了系列新型的环金属铱配合物3-乙酰基樟脑-2-(2,4-二氟)苯基吡啶环金属铱配合物[(46dfppy)₂Ir(acam)], 3-乙酰基樟脑-2-苯基吡啶环金属铱配合物[(ppy)₂Ir(acam)], 3-乙酰基樟脑-2-苯并噻吩吡啶环金属铱配合物[(btp)₂Ir(acam)]. 将配合物的吸收光谱、光致发光光谱以及光致发光效率与辅助配体为乙酰丙酮(acac)的对应配合物进行了比较, 发现在配合物中引入具有大空间位阻的3-乙酰基樟脑使配合物的光致发光效率均有所提高. 并将(ppy)₂Ir(acam)用于有机电致发光器件, 电致发光光谱在516 nm 处有一最大强度峰, 驱动电压为12 V 时最大亮度为10930 cd/m², 最大亮度效率达到14.6 cd/A, 电压为10.7 V 时最大功率为4.23 lm/W, 亮度为698 cd/m².     

Electroluminescent Properties of LECs Based on Ionic Transition Metal Complexes Using Tetrazole-Based Ancillary Ligand

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are a promising type of electroluminescent device for display and lighting applications. In this study, LECs based on ionic iridium complexes utilizing a tetrazole based ancillary ligand were fabricated and their electrical properties were investigated. Two new iridium(III) complexes with tetrazole based ancillary ligands, namely, [Ir(ppy)₂(tetrazole)]PF₆ (complex 1) and [Ir(dfppy)₂(tetrazole)]PF₆ (complex 2) (where ppy is 2-phenylpyridine, dfppy is 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine, tetrazole is 5-bromo-2-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyridine and PF₆ is hexafluorophosphate), have been synthesized and characterized. These synthesized complexes were used for the fabrication of LEC devices. LECs based on complex 1 result in orange light emission (576 nm) with the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.45, 0.49), while complex 2 emits green (518 nm) electroluminescence with the CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.49). Our work suggests that the light emission of cationic iridium complexes can easily be tuned by the substituents on the cyclometalated ligands.     

Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Characterization of the Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes with Modified Ancillary Ligand by Carrier-transporting Groups

Two heteroleptic iridium complexes with a general formulation of (piq)₂Ir(G‐pic) were synthesized and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and element analysis, in which piq is 1‐phenylisoquinoline, G‐pic is picolinic acid derivative containing carrier‐transporting group by a non‐conjugated connection of 1,6‐dioxyhexane. Both (piq)₂Ir(G‐pic) complexes exhibited an enhanced UV absorption band at 310–400 nm, an increased HOMO energy level and an identical red emission peaked at 612 nm with higher fluorescence quantum efficiency (ø_f), compared to (piq)₂Ir(pic) in dichloromethane solution. Interestingly, this iridium complex containing both hole‐transporting triphenylamine and electron‐transporting oxadiazole moieties exhibited the best Ф_f of 0.58 using Ru(bpy)₃(PF6)₂ as the reference (ø_f=0.062 in acetonitrile). This work indicates that incorporating carrier‐transporting groups into ancillary ligand by a non‐conjugated connection is available for improving the optophysical properties of their iridium complexes.     

Emissive Iridium(III) Complexes with Phosphorous‐Containing Ancillary

Ir(III) metal complexes and related emitters bearing all kind of cyclometalated chromophoric chelates and non‐chromophoric ancillary are extensively studied during the past three decades. Many of them have been found to display bright room temperature phosphorescence from triplet excited states in both solution and solid states, offering a possible application in contemporary optoelectronic technologies, including organic light emitting diodes, electrochemiluminescence, biological imaging and chemical sensing. Among reported materials, there are Ir(III) complexes with at least one phosphorus (P)‐containing ligand and/or ancillary chelate, together with cyclometalates or equivalents that are in control of the actual emission energy. Particularly, possession of P‐based donor can lead to divergent structural and photophysical properties compared to the traditional designs. This review aims to provide a literature overview as well as the authors’ personal account to the development of relevant Ir(III) based phosphors bearing these P‐donors. To the readers’ convenience, the contents are subdivided into six sessions, according to whether or not they are charge natural, or with mono‐ or dianionic electronic character, and in accordance to their divergent bonding modes, i. e. monodentate, bidentate and tripodal coordination. In many cases, the P‐based ancillaries offer an easy accessible route to the formation of efficient sky‐blue and true‐blue emitters due to their π‐accepting property, together with enlarged emission energy gap and destabilized upper lying quenching state.     

Achieving High-Performance Pure-Red Electrophosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Based on Optimizing Ancillary Ligands

Two new iridium(III) complexes were synthesized by introducing two trifluoromethyl groups into an ancillary ligand to develop pure-red emitters for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electron-donating ability of the ancillary ligands is suppressed, owing to the electron-withdrawing nature of trifluoromethyl groups, which can reduce the HOMO energy levels compared with those of compounds without trifluoromethyl groups. However, the introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into the ancillary ligand has little impact on the LUMO energy levels. Therefore, a well-tuned, pure-red, excited-state energy was achieved by regulating the relative energy level between the HOMO and LUMO. OLEDs with these complexes as emitters showed high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 26 % and realized high EQEs of about 25 % and fairly low driving voltages of 3.3–3.6 V for practical luminance of 1000 cd m⁻², as well as excellent Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.66, 0.33) and (0.67, 0.33); thus, this demonstrates the successful molecular design strategy by modifying the electron-donating ability of ancillary ligand.     

Iridium(III) Tris-cyclometalated Complexes with Diphenyloxazolic Ligands: Influence of Ligand Structure on Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties

Two luminescent iridium(III) tris-cyclometalated complexes with isomeric 2,4-diphenyloxazolato and 2,5-diphenyloxazolato ligands, fac-Ir(24dpo)₃ and fac-Ir(25dpo)₃, are reported. The molecular structure for Ir(24dpo)₃ was determined by X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies supported by structures are discussed so as to demonstrate how the ligand structure influences the luminescent properties.     

Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Iridium Complexes with Reduced Concentration Quenching Effect

Three novel cyclometalated ligands 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-1H-benzoimidazole(BPBM), 1-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1H-benzoimidazole(MBMPB) and 4-[2-(4-dimethylamino-phenyl)-benzoinidazol-1-ylmethyl]-phenyl-dimethyl-amine(DBPA) were designed and synthesized, and the corresponding highly efficiency green-emitting phosphorescent iridium complexes Ir(BPBM)₂(acac)(1), Ir(MBMPB)₂(acac)(2) and Ir(DPBA)₂(acac) (3) with acetylacetone(acac) as auxiliary ligand were also synthesized. The ligands are functionalized by bulky non-planarity substituents, thus the phosphorescent concentration quenching is substantially suppressed, and all the complexes exhibit bright photoluminescence(PL) in solid state. The photo-physical properties of the three iridium complexes were researched in detail. The results indicate that they have potential application in fabricating non-doped electrophosphorescence device.