火灾烟雾颗粒凝并分形特性研究

火灾烟雾颗粒因布朗运动由初期的主粒子凝并形成大颗粒的凝团结构，其外形呈现出分形特征，根据分形理论对火灾烟雾颗粒凝团结构进行分析研究，采用场发射扫描电镜对多种材料的烟雾颗粒图像进行测试，通过对烟雾凝团图像进行处理，获得了火灾探测中常见的多种材料的分形维数和分形系数，给出了烟雾颗粒的主粒子粒径，并对其影响因素进行了对比分析，为火灾烟雾探测中颗粒凝并分形特性研究提供有益的探索. 关键词： 火灾 烟雾 颗粒 凝并 分形     

分形介质的传热与传质分析(综述)

本文论述了分形介质的分形理论和数学基础,并简要综述了用分形理论和方法研究分形介质的传热与传质特性(如多孔介质的渗透率、热导率以及池核态沸腾换热)方面目前所取得的研究进展,最后扼要展望了用分形理论和方法进一步研究分形介质的传热与传质的可能的若干课题和方向。     

多重分形在掌纹识别中的研究

通过对掌纹的概率密度分布和配分函数的分析，得到掌纹分布具有一定的多重分形性.进一步求取掌纹多重分形谱的宽度、极大值以及谱曲线的不对称程度，并提出以这些参数作为掌纹识别的特征量.这可能为多重分形理论在生物特征识别领域中的应用带来新的思路与方法. 关键词： 分形 模式识别     

多相燃烧分形模型及其实验研究

本文提出了多相燃烧的分形模型．模型中认为在多相燃烧中内部孔洞体积与表面积存在分维指数关系，而且反应面积的增长为两种分形增长模式的叠加．结合孔洞合并的因素得到了描述煤多相反应速率的分形模型．该模型描述的反应速率先增加后减少的规律与实验结果十分相符．对五个煤种和其中两个煤焦样品进行了试验研究，在两个不同升温速率下得出的试验数据与理论计算相符．     

分形理论在物理实验教学中应用的探索

综述了作者近年来将分形理论引入基础物理实验教学中的尝试与实践，介绍了分形维数的测定方法及其应用，阐述了教师参与适量的科学研究是实现基础物理实验教学现代化的重要保证。     

小波理论与分形

扼要介绍了正在兴起的小波理论产生的背景和基本知识，论述了小波理论与分形理论之间的密切联系。     

金属互连电迁移噪声的分形特征

为了研究金属互连电迁移失效机理并寻找新的电迁移表征参量，应用分形理论，通过电子扩散轨迹分形维数，将电迁移噪声时间序列分形维数与晶粒间界分形维数相联系，确定了噪声时间序列分形维数在电迁移演变中的变化趋势.研究结果表明，在金属互连电迁移前期，晶粒间界形貌越来越复杂，致使噪声时间序列的分形维数逐渐增大；成核后，由于空位凝聚成空洞，晶粒间界形貌变得较成核前规则，致使噪声时间序列的分形维数减小；成核时刻是其折点.实验结果证明理论分析的正确性，噪声时间序列的分形维数可望作为金属互连电迁演变的表征参量.     

Cu-W薄膜表面形貌的分形表征与电阻率

磁控溅射制备铜钨薄膜，用原子力显微镜和功率谱密度法分析薄膜生长表面形貌的分形维数，发现频段的选择基本不影响分形维数与溅射时间的关系.随溅射时间延长，薄膜厚度增加，分形维数增大，电阻率随分形维数的增大而升高.分析分形维数与电阻率的关系，认为对同一物质的导电薄膜，其表面形貌与电阻率存在对应关系. 关键词： Cu-W薄膜 分形维数 功率谱密度 电阻率     

煤介质损失角正切的分形特征

利用分形几何理论对煤的介质损失角正切的特征作了深入的探讨,结果表明,煤的介质损失角正切ｔｇδ具有分形特征;通过类比和实验证实的方法得到了ｔｇδ与ｆ间的定量关系：ｔｇδ∝ｆ＾（Ｄ－ｄ）／２,借此求得了煤分形介质损失角正切维数。     

理想的分形模型和实际的嵌套结构

自然界中的分形结构与理想的分形模型不同，它的自相似性只在统计意义上和有限的尺寸范围内成立。材料中，在一个大尺寸范围内的不同度域可以存在不同的分形结构，形成多度域分形。材料的性能与分形结构的上下界限密切相关，因此在研究性能与分形的关系时，首先要找准哪一个分形结构与所研究的性能相关。另外，用Ｍａｎｄｅｌｂｒｏｔ的周界－面积关系来测分维时，因受到一定条件的约束而不太方便，建议用周长－最大直径法来测分维。     

分形基底上刻蚀模型动力学标度行为的 数值模拟研究

为探讨分形基底结构对生长表面标度行为的影响, 本文采用Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC)方法模拟了刻蚀模型(etching model)在谢尔宾斯基箭头和蟹状分形基底上刻蚀表面的动力学行为. 研究表明,在两种分形基底上的刻蚀模型都表现出很好的动力学标度行为, 并且满足Family-Vicsek标度规律. 虽然谢尔宾斯基箭头和蟹状分形基底的分形维数相同, 但模拟得到的标度指数却不同, 并且粗糙度指数 α与动力学指数z也不满足在欧几里得基底上成立的标度关系α+z=2. 由此可以看出, 标度指数不仅与基底的分形维数有关, 而且和分形基底的具体结构有关.     

Dynamical scaling of the structure factor of some non-Euclidean systems

Predictions of nonlinear theories on dynamics of new phase formation have been examined for the hydration of calcium silicates with light water and heavy water. In the case of hydration with light water, reasonable agreement has been observed with dynamical scaling hypothesis with a new measure of the characteristic length. The characteristic length does not follow a power law relation with time. Hydrating mass is found to be mass fractal throughout hydration, with mass fractal dimension increasing with time. But, in the case of hydration with heavy water, no agreement has been observed with the scaling hypothesis. Hydrating mass undergoes transition from mass fractal to surface fractal and finally again to mass fractal. The qualitative features of the kinetics of hydration, as measured in small-angle scattering experiments, are strikingly different for hydration with light water and heavy water.     

Analogs of renormalization group transformations in random processes

We review the properties of a real-space renormalization group transformation of the free energy, including the existence of oscillatory terms multiplying the non-analytic part of the free energy. We then construct stochastic processes which incorporate into probability distributions the features of the free energy scaling equation. (The essential information is obtainable from the scaling equation and a direct solution for a probability is not necessary.) These random processes are shown to be generated directly from Cantor sets. In a spatial representation, the ensuing random process exhibits a transition between Gaussian and fractal behavior. In the fractal regime, the trajectories will, in an average sense, form self-similar clusters. In a temporal representation, the random process exhibits a transition between an asymptotically constant renewal rate and fractal behavior. The fractal regime represents a frozen state with only transient effects allowed and is related to charge transport in glasses.     

Influences of Fractal Substrate Structures on Dynamic Scaling Behaviors of Etching Model

The Etching model on various fractal substrates embedded in two dimensions was investigated by means of kinetic Mento Carlo method in order to determine the relationship between dynamic scaling exponents and fractal parameters. The fractal dimensions are from 1.465 to 1.893, and the random walk exponents are from 2.101 to 2.578.It is found that the dynamic behaviors on fractal lattices are more complex than those on integer dimensions. The roughness exponent increases with the increasing of the random walk exponent on the fractal substrates but shows a non-monotonic relation with respect to the fractal dimension. No monotonic change is observed in the growth exponent.     

Bispectrum Analysis of One-Dimensional Regular Fractals with Additive Random Noise

The bispectrum of the Cantor set that is a typical regular fractal is calculated and its fractalities are shown. A relation between the bispectrum and the fractal dimension of the object is elucidated. Effects of additive random noise on the scaling property of the bispectrum are compared with those of the corresponding power spectrum.     

利用不确定性提高击中击不中变换的抗畸变能力

对用于目标识别技术的形态学击不中变换进行了分析,引入不确定和模式的概念使得容易受到畸变干扰的像素点对判别结果的作用降低,得到联合排序多值击中击不中变换,从而在不损失图像信息的前提下,提高了目标识别的抗畸变能力,并且具有在输入图像和参考模板之间进行精确匹配的能力。基于非相干相关器,利用新颖的多值互补编码方法,实现了二值图像的联合序多值击中击不中变换,达到了较好的实验结果。     

On the wavelet transformation of fractal objects

The wavelet transformation is briefly presented. It is shown how the analysis of the local scaling behavior of fractals can be transformed into the investigation of the scaling behavior of analytic functions over the half-plane near the boundary of its domain of analyticity. As an example, a Weierstrass-like fractal function is considered, for which the wavelet transform is related to a Jacobi theta function. Some of the scalings of this theta function are analyzed, and give some information about the scaling behavior of this fractal.     

Adsorption of a flexible self-avoiding polymer chain: Exact results on fractal lattices

The large-scale behavior of surface-interacting self-avoiding polymer chains placed on finitely ramified fractal lattices is studied using exact recursion relations. It is shown how to obtain surface susceptibility critical indices and how to modify a scaling relation for these indices in the case of fractal lattices. We present the exact results for critical exponents at the point of adsorption transition for polymer chains situated on a class of Sierpinski gasket-type fractals. We provide numerical evidence for a critical behavior of the type found recently in the case of bulk self-avoiding random walks at the fractal to Euclidean crossover.     

A random field model for anomalous diffusion in heterogeneous porous media

Heterogeneity, as it occurs in porous media, is characterized in terms of a scaling exponent, or fractal dimension. A feature of primary interest for two-phase flow is the mixing length. This paper determines the relation between the scaling exponent for the heterogeneity and the scaling exponent which governs the mixing length. The analysis assumes a linear transport equation and uses random fields first in the characterization of the heterogeneity and second in the solution of the flow problem, in order to determine the mixing exponents. The scaling behavior changes from long-length-scale dominated to short-length-scale dominated at a critical value of the scaling exponent of the rock heterogeneity. The long-length-scale-dominated diffusion is anomalous.     

The stability of the fractal properties of quasiperiodic multilayered structures

The stability of fractal characteristics has been analyzed in the optical spectra of quasi-periodic multilayered systems with the deterministic changes therein. The transformation of the summation principle of their construction, the transition to the approximant model, and the preparation of metamaterial-based layers have been shown to exert a strong influence on the scaling of the parameters in multilayered systems.