结构随机分析的Monte Carlo加权残值法

本文提出一种结构随机分析的Monte Carlo加权残值法。文中建立了这种方法的基本列式,并通过静力挠度、固有频率和屈曲荷载等算例,表明本文方法理论简捷,计算工程量少,精度较高,是随机结构数值分析的有效方法。     

Buckling of stochastically heterogeneous beams,using a functional perturbation method

The buckling load and its probabilistic nature (average and variance) of Bernoulli beams with stochastic material (bending stiffness) properties is derived analytically by a new functional perturbation method (FPM). A buckling shape function is assumed, based on the homogeneous solution and additional terms to account for the morphology effects. The buckling load in the transcendental equation is treated as a functional of the bending modulus (stiffness or compliance) field. Applying a functional perturbation to the above equation, the buckling load is found analytically to any desired degree of accuracy, as a function of material morphology. The FPM is executed using both stiffness and compliance statistical data. The impact of each of the two data sources on the solution accuracy is examined, showing that compliance based solutions are accurate for small correlation lengths. Statically indeterminate problems can be treated with no additional effort. An example of a simply supported beam is solved in detail. Comparison with previous studies, where stochastic finite element and Monte Carlo simulation were used, showed the relative accuracy and insight capabilities of the method. The clamped-free case is also studied to demonstrate that symmetry conditions, used for homogeneous beams to find the buckling load on the basis of a simply supported case, are not valid for heterogeneous beams.     

薄壁圆筒壳初始几何缺陷不确定性量化的极大熵方法

针对薄壁圆筒壳结构轴压屈曲载荷的缺陷敏感性以及真实几何缺陷的不确定性,提出一种基于实测缺陷数据和极大熵原理的初始缺陷建模与屈曲载荷预测方法。首先,将初始几何缺陷视为二维随机场,并利用实测缺陷数据和Karhunen-Loève展开法将初始缺陷的随机场建模转化为随机向量的建模;其次,利用极大熵方法确定随机向量的概率分布;最后,基于所构建的初始缺陷随机模型,利用MCMC抽样方法和确定性屈曲分析方法,进行随机屈曲分析并给出基于可靠度的屈曲载荷折减因子。数值算例表明,与直接假设随机场相关结构的方法相比,本文方法的结果是对薄壁圆筒壳屈曲载荷的一个更无偏估计。     

Numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation: comparison of different algorithms

In the paper we compare different algorithms for numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation. For this comparison we have taken the standard problem of the shock wave structure in a mono-atomic rarefied gas. Different parameters characterizing the shock structure have been calculated by a Monte Carlo simulation (DSMC), a second order time-relaxed Monte Carlo method (TRMC2), a fully deterministic discrete velocity method (DV), a discrete velocity method with Monte Carlo calculations of collision integral (DVMC) and a molecular dynamics method (MD). Results of these calculations have been compared with the shock wave structure obtained in experiments in a shock tube. The results of the comparison are not conclusive. We have observed general agreement between numerical and experimental results but there is no single numerical method which fits best to the experimental measurements.     

一种随机裂纹结构的裂纹扩展路径分析方法

裂纹结构中存在大量不确定性因素,如裂纹长度、材料性质、外部载荷等,裂纹扩展路径的不确定性分析对研究随机裂纹结构损伤和断裂的力学特性并预测其性能及可靠性具有重要意义。本文提出了一种适应于混合载荷模式下随机裂纹结构的裂纹扩展路径分析方法。该方法考虑了裂纹长度、材料性质和外部载荷等的随机性,并通过蒙特卡洛方法对随机参数空间进行采样。采用比例边界有限元方法计算结构应力强度因子,进而模拟单次裂纹扩展路径。在此基础上,通过概率分析方法获得随机裂纹结构中裂纹扩展路径的统计特性。最后给出了两个数值算例验证了本文方法的有效性。     

????????3????????????????????????

采用Ritz近似法建立客运专线下承式系杆拱桥侧向稳定承载力实用计算公式; 假定满足拱桥侧向弯扭边界条件的位移试函数, 建立系杆拱桥的主拱肋侧倾失稳结构势能的表达式,基于最小势能原理建立了下承式系杆拱桥侧倾失稳临界载荷实用计算公式. 采用该实用计算公式计算了某客运专线下承式系杆拱桥弹性侧向稳定承载力, 并与三维有限元屈曲计算结果进行比较, 结果表明: 该方法简单实用, 可准确地预测系杆拱桥侧倾临界载荷, 便于工程应用.     

复合材料襟翼壁板屈曲失稳行为的栅线投影实验研究

本文利用栅线投影测量方法研究了蜂窝夹层板、工字型及T型加筋板三种不同结构形式复合材料襟翼壁板在压缩载荷下的屈曲失稳行为,得到了不同形式结构件屈曲的全场离面位移分布规律,分析了各自的屈曲失稳模式.研究结果表明,栅线投影测量方法在大尺度复合材料结构失稳变形测试中具有可行性;在相同面板尺寸条件下,工字型加筋复合材料襟翼壁板屈曲临界载荷最大,承载能力最强.本文结果可为飞机复合材料结构设计提供实验依据.     

Dynamic reliability analysis of a cantilever beam during a deterioration process

Considering deterioration process of a beam structure subjected to cyclic load, the reliability and sensitivity analysis is presented. Gamma process is introduced to describe the deterioration of properties and the accuracy of the model is verified by experiments of structures under cycle load. A set of experiments is designed to investigate the deterioration process of the beam under cycle load. For arbitrarily distributed random material and geometric variables, the stochastic perturbation method and Edgeworth series are used to approximate the statistical characteristics of vibration and failure probability. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to show the validity of the method proposed. Additionally, the effects of material and geometric parameters are discussed to provide important information for design and use of beam structures.     

受弯脱层层板的局部失稳临界载荷的有限元分析

含脱层的复合材料层板承受弯曲载荷作用会产生跳跃失稳，还常常引起脱层扩展，从而导致结构失效。本文用基于一阶剪切层板理论的几何非线性有限单元法分析了受弯曲曲载荷作用下含脱层板的人稳的临界载荷。本文指出分叉失稳产生了跳跃失稳，而该跳跃失稳与浅圆拱或薄圆柱壳受向心压力作用下的跳跌 同，在整体平衡路径上没有一个极限点。本文对临界载计算结果比使用能量准则的结果要小，文中给出了原因。     

考虑载荷流泄时盾构机T形焊接结构疲劳可靠性分析

T形焊接结构是盾构机刀盘的关键结构之一,焊接处裂纹在亚临界的扩展是其疲劳失效的关键因素。文章考虑载荷流泄情况下,基于概率断裂力学的一次二阶矩方法提出了一种新的结构疲劳可靠性分析方法。将该方法应用到某盾构机T形焊接结构,给出了考虑与不考虑载荷流泄两种情况下结构疲劳可靠性计算结果,并用Monte Carlo方法验证了文章方法的有效性;利用最小二乘法拟合出了载荷流泄系数对该T形焊接结构疲劳可靠性的影响曲线,将该曲线划分了三个区域：即高、中、低疲劳失效区。结果表明在考虑和不考虑载荷流泄时,T形焊接结构的疲劳失效概率分别是8.2644e-05和3.4314e-04,即载荷流泄能一定程度上提高了结构的疲劳可靠度;实际工程在盾构机T形焊接结构疲劳可靠性设计时,T形焊接结构的厚度作为一个设计变量,而低失效区可以作为一个可靠度约束条件。研究成果为实际工程上盾构机刀盘的维修、检验计划和设计都有一定的理论指导意义。     

Buckling load optimization of beams

In this paper, shape optimization is used to optimize the buckling load of a Euler–Bernoulli beam having constant volume. This is achieved by varying appropriately the beam cross section so that the beam buckles with the maximum or a prescribed buckling load. The problem is reduced to a nonlinear optimization problem under equality and inequality constraints as well as specified lower and upper bounds. The evaluation of the objective function requires the solution of the buckling problem of a beam with variable stiffness subjected to an axial force. This problem is solved using the analog equation method for the fourth-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. Besides its accuracy, this method overcomes the shortcomings of a possible FEM solution, which would require resizing of the elements and recomputation of their stiffness properties during the optimization process. Several example problems are presented that illustrate the method and demonstrate its efficiency.     

基于最大熵方法的水下航行体结构动力响应概率建模

水下航行体结构承受的水动力外载荷具有显著的时空分布不确定性,其引发的结构动力响应,诸如结构最大内力、最大内力发生时刻、最大内力发生位置等也由此产生了不确定性;同时,水下航行体的动力响应还会因其连接或分离结构的拉压刚度不同而出现非线性特征. 为了在水动力外载荷样本有限的基础上,分析水下航行体结构连接非线性对动力响应统计特性的影响, 利用水下航行体结构的简化动力学模型,计算了水动力横向载荷作用下响应的样本统计矩,采用最大熵方法实现了动力响应的概率建模. 在分别求出结构最大内力、最大内力发生时刻、最大内力发生位置的概率密度函数后,通过与蒙特卡洛模拟结果对比验证了最大熵方法拟合的响应概率密度函数精度;而后,基于这些结构响应概率密度曲线讨论了系统连接非线性参数变化对结构动力响应的影响. 最终得出如下结论:连接非线性会导致结构在只有横向力的作用时产生的轴力响应,并且最大轴力概率密度函数峰值会因连接结构非线性程度增大而逐渐增大;连接非线性对不确定性传播有显著影响,当连接非线性比较强时,输入正态分布的载荷所得到的内力响应不是正态分布的;最大内力响应的发生位置也会受到连接非线性程度的影响. 上述结果可以为结构优化提供技术支持.      

Optimal design of trusses with geometric imperfections: Accounting for global instability

A topology optimization method is proposed for the design of trusses with random geometric imperfections due to fabrication errors. This method is a generalization of a previously developed perturbation approach to topology optimization under geometric uncertainties. The main novelty in the present paper is that the objective function includes the nonlinear effects of potential buckling due to misaligned structural members. Solutions are therefore dependent on the magnitude of applied loads and the direction of resulting internal member forces (whether they are compression or tension). Direct differentiation is used in the sensitivity analysis, and analytical expressions for the associated derivatives are derived in a form that is computationally efficient. A series of examples illustrate how the effects of geometric imperfections and buckling may have substantial influence on truss design. Monte Carlo simulation together with second-order elastic analysis is used to verify that solutions offer improved performance in the presence of geometric uncertainties.     

易拉罐在轴-侧-扭-内压联合作用下的屈曲地貌

柱壳结构广泛应用于各个领域, 但由于其对初始缺陷较为敏感, 容易发生灾难性的屈曲失稳. 本文利用非线性有限元分析程序ABAQUS研究了柱壳屈曲问题, 并应用到了易拉罐的屈曲分析. 首先采用数值模拟的方法验证了Virot等学者的易拉罐屈曲试验结果, 然后为了获得屈曲的一些普适结果, 进一步考察了柱壳的屈曲表现. 对柱壳结构在不同载荷组合、不同几何参数作用下进行了细致分析. 为了讨论的直观, 本文绘制了柱壳结构在受到侧压-轴压载荷作用下外力-屈曲载荷-位移三维屈曲地貌图(称为landscape). 结果表明: 在侧压-轴压-扭转载荷作用下, 试件力-位移曲线出现了"cliff"(断崖)现象; 扭转载荷的施加不利于试件整体稳定性, 并造成了试件对初始缺陷的敏感性; 对于受到轴压-扭转载荷作用的试件, 本文定义承载力为零的平面为"sea level"(海平面)来区分试件破坏模式; 通过对不同边界条件的试件进行分析, 发现试件两端固定可以有效地增加结构的承载能力, 提高稳定性. 对柱壳结构内部充气可以大幅度提升结构的承载能力和稳定性, 减小对初始缺陷的敏感度.      

Effects of local thickness defects on the buckling of micro-beam

A buckling model of Timoshenko micro-beam with local thickness defects is established based on a modified gradient elasticity. By introducing the local thickness defects function of the micro-beam, the variable coe-cient differential equations of the buckling problem are obtained with the variational principle. Combining the eigensolution series of the complete micro-beam with the Galerkin method, we obtain the critical load and buckling modes of the micro-beam with defects. The results show that the depth and location of the defect are the main factors affecting the critical load, and the combined effect of boundary conditions and defects can significantly change the buckling mode of the micro-beam. The effect of defect location on buckling is related to the axial gradient of the rotation angle, and defects should be avoided at the maximum axial gradient of the rotation angle. The model and method are also applicable to the static deformation and vibration of the micro-beam.     

横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳以及非线性振动特性

梁的轴向运动会诱发其产生横向振动并可能导致屈曲失稳,对结构的安全性和可靠性产生重大的影响。本文重点研究了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的屈曲失稳及横向非线性振动特性。基于Hamilton变分原理,建立了横向载荷作用下轴向运动梁的动力学方程,获得了梁的后屈曲构型。使用截断Galerkin法,将控制方程改写成Duffing方程的形式。用同伦分析方法确定载荷作用下轴向运动梁的非线性受迫振动的封闭形式的表达式。结果表明,后屈曲构型对轴向速度和初始轴向应力有明显的依赖性。通过同伦分析法得出非线性基频的显式表达式,获得了初始轴向力会影响非线性频率随初始振幅和轴向速度的线性关系。另外,轴向外激励的方向也会改变系统固有频率。     

Application of the probabilistic fracture mechanics method of predicting the fatigue life of tubular joints

ＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＰＲＯＢＡＢＩＬＩＳＴＩＣＦＲＡＣＴＵＲＥＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＳＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＮＧＴＨＥＦＡＴＩＧＵＥＬＩＦＥＯＦＴＵＢＵＬＡＲＪＯＩＮＴＳＮｉｅＧｕｏ－ｈｕａ（聂国华）ＷｅｎｇＺｈｉ－ｙｕａｎ（翁智远）...     

Shape design sensitivity analysis for stability of elastic continuum structures

This paper addresses a method for shape design sensitivity analysis of a buckling load in a continuous elastic body. The sensitivity formula for critical load is analytically derived and expressed in terms of shape variation, based on the continuum formulation of the stability problem. Though the buckling problem is more efficiently solved by structural elements such as a beam and shell, elastic solids have been chosen for the buckling analysis in this paper because solid elements can generally be used for any kind of structure whether it is thick or thin. The initial stress and buckling analysis is carried out by the commercial analysis code ANSYS. Sensitivity is then computed by using the mathematical package MATLAB with the results of ANSYS. Several problems including straight and curved beams under compressive load, ring under pressure load, thin-walled section and bottle shaped column are chosen in order to illustrate the efficiency of the presented method.     

预应力杂交结构的屈曲分析

含有预应力索的半刚性大跨度空间结构是一种非常有生命力的杂交钢结构形式,对应用日益广泛的空间杂交结构的正确分析是保证结构安全设计的前提,屈曲分析通常是这类结构分析的主要内容之一,结构的屈曲分析可分为特征值屈曲分析和非线性屈曲分析。论文首先阐述了结构特征值屈曲分析和非线性屈曲分析中的分枝屈曲分析的基本理论,提出了含有恒定荷载的预应力结构特征值的求解方法,明确正确应用屈曲理论对保证工程安全设计的重要性,然后应用有限元软件ANSYS对待建的安徽大学体育馆新型弦支网壳屋盖结构进行了特征值屈曲分析和分枝屈曲分析,提出应用通用有限元程序跟踪结构分枝屈曲路径的方法,本文结论对预应力杂交结构的屈曲分析具有指导意义。