The effects of carrier dependant nonlinear gain on quantum well VCSEL characteristics

In this paper, we present a numerical opto-electro-thermal model for studying vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operation. The model is applied to an index-guided structure with an oxide aperture and multiple quantum-wells in active layer. The interdependent process of carrier transport, heat generation and optical field are solved self-consistently using finite difference time domain in cylindrical system. The gain of quantum wells (QWs) is calculated based on the solution of Schrödinger equation considering heavy hole-light hole band-mixing effect. The calculated maximum gain versus injected carriers is fitted by a 3th order polynomial function and used in opto-electro-thermal model. The inclusion of QW maximum gain calculation for constant wavelength in the model allows us to study threshold current value and higher order transverse modes as well as their dependencies on variation of gain and refractive index induced by carrier and heat more accurately than linear gain approximation. The results show a lower threshold current compared with linear gain approximation. For injection current above the threshold, we consider the spatial hole burning, thermal lensing and self focusing effects.     

Analytical threshold voltage model for strained silicon GAA-TFET

Tunnel field effect transistors(TFETs) are promising devices for low power applications.An analytical threshold voltage model,based on the channel surface potential and electric field obtained by solving the 2D Poisson's equation,for strained silicon gate all around TFETs is proposed.The variation of the threshold voltage with device parameters,such as the strain(Ge mole fraction x),gate oxide thickness,gate oxide permittivity,and channel length has also been investigated.The threshold voltage model is extracted using the peak transconductance method and is verified by good agreement with the results obtained from the TCAD simulation.     

Dynamic modes of wide-aperture laser systems above the second lasing threshold

The processes of the formation of optical field structures in the transverse profile of wide-aperture laser radiation are studied within the model described by the system of Maxwell-Bloch equations. The main types of instabilities appearing above the second lasing threshold and corresponding mechanisms controlling the laser dynamics at negative frequency detuning are considered. The characteristic lasing modes and conditions of the spontaneous formation of transverse optical structures are determined.     

Resonant scattering of three-level Rydberg atoms in a microwave field

We examine the theory of potential scattering of Rydberg atoms in a microwave field. The model of a three-level atom is employed to calculate the radiative force emerging in the resonant coherent interaction with the microwave field for the case of a two-photon resonance and high intensities, using the method of quasienergies of the system consisting of the atom and the field. We determine the probabilities of Landau-Zener transitions in the spatial regions where under two-photon resonance conditions the quasienergies of the atoms approach one another by a small quantity. We also study the dynamics of the variation of the spatial profile of a beam of Rydberg atoms caused by resonant scattering. Finally, we give the results of the first experimental observation of the variation of the transverse beam profile when Rydberg atoms pass through a nonuniform microwave field formed in a rectangular waveguide and in resonance with the two-photon 36P–37P transition. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 796–815 (March 1997)     

Absorptionsbedingte Phasenselektion der Strahlung modulierter GaAs-Lumineszenzdioden vom Fabry-Perot-Typ

Incorporating the dependence on transverse position co-ordinate x of both recombination and optical absorption in a light emitting diode (LED) with laser structure, a theoretical study has been made of phase relations between a sinusoidal driving current and the light output. The theory yields a phase variation with x accordant to a carrier-diffusion controlled recombination wave, including the diode transient behavior due to charge storage. The phase selection by an appropriate absorption profile transverse to the recombination region is found to be of extraordinary importance for the bowing of the optical wave front at the radiating area.     

金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心提取方法

采用线结构光法测量金属表面形貌时,由于受到金属表面光学特性和散斑噪声的影响,条纹中心的提取误差往往较大。为此,提出了一种非相干线结构光形貌测量方法,避免了散斑噪声的影响。通过分析该方法测量金属表面形貌时的条纹图像特点,提出一种适合非相干线结构光条纹的中心提取方法。该方法首先采用结合积分图像原理的自适应阈值分割算法,对原条纹图像进行分割。采用灰度重心法粗提取原条纹中心坐标,以该坐标为基准向条纹宽度方向延伸,从而确定阈值分割后条纹图的感兴趣区和背景区,并去除背景区的噪声。经中值滤波后,采用几何中心法提取条纹中心。实验结果表明：采用该方法提取粗糙度样块表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为1.5μm,提取齿轮渐开线样板表面非相干光条纹中心的平均误差为0.9μm,均比其线激光条纹中心的提取误差小。所提方法能实现金属表面非相干线结构光条纹中心的精确提取。     

Electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave experiments in the WVU Qmachine

The influence of transverse, localized, DC electric fields (TLEs) on the current-driven electrostatic ion-cyclotron (CDEIC) instability is being investigated in a Q machine. A small (diameter ~10 ion gyroradii) segmented disk electrode is being used to excite the mode in a narrow electron-current channel along which exists a radial electric field between regions that magnetically map to the different circular segments (separated by a radial gap of ~3 ion gyroradii). Experiments aimed at demonstrating a TLE dependence in the threshold current for mode excitation are described. A comparison of observed and predicted mode frequencies over a range of magnetic field strengths is presented for the benchmark case of no applied transverse electric field. When the electric field is present, ion-cyclotron fluctuations are observed for cases in which the current is below the CDEIC instability threshold     

A novel structure of visible semiconductor lasers

Terraced substrate inner current stripe lasers emitting in the range of 750–780 nm are developed with very simple fabrication processes. The lasers have good performance of cw room temperature, linear light-current output over 30 mW per facet and maintain stable fundamental transverse and longitudinal mode of 2–4 times current threshold. The current threshold of 25 mA under cw room temperature operation has been achieved.     

Surface waves in a crystal with switching Kerr nonlinearity

In this paper, we explore transverse electric surface waves propagating along the crystal with jump change of Kerr nonlinearity in dependence on field amplitude. The dielectric permittivity in the proposed model of nonlinearity is characterized by abruptly changing unperturbed dielectric constant and Kerr nonlinearity coefficient from one value to another when field amplitude exceeds the threshold value of the switching field. This allows to find exact solutions of model equations in different cases of nonlinearity signs, and to obtain the dependence of wave characteristics, including total power flux, on effective refractive index in explicit form. Such solutions describe two new types of nonlinear surface waves with specific structure depending on electric field amplitude. We derive the conditions of surface domain formation. It is found that the largest percentage of radiation is concentrated within the domain.     

Ge组分对应变Si1-xGe x 沟道p-MOSFET电学特性影响

利用二维数值模拟方法,研究了不同Ge组分应变Si_1-xGe _x 沟道p-MOSFET的电容-电压特性以及阈值电压的变化情况.计算结果表明:提高应变Si_1-xGe _x 沟道层中的Ge组分,器件亚阈值电流明显增大;栅电容在器件进入反型状态时产生显著变化;阈值电压的改变量与Ge组分基本成线性关系.通过改变Si_1-xGe _x 沟道的长度,并结 关键词： 1-xGe _x 沟道')" href="#">应变Si_1-xGe _x 沟道 p-MOSFET 空穴迁移率 栅电容     

Dielectric properties of liquid crystals of the cyano derivative compounds with different fragments in the molecular core

This paper reports on the results of investigations into the influence of variations in the chemical composition of the aromatic core of cyano-containing molecules of liquid crystals on their dielectric properties in the frequency range 1–2000 MHz. It is shown that the dispersion of the longitudinal permittivity is adequately described by the sum of two Debye processes with different weighting factors and relaxation times. The frequency dependence of the transverse permittivity is well approximated by the Debye process with a continuous distribution of relaxation times in a specified range. It is established that the replacement of one benzene ring in the biphenyl core of the 5CB liquid-crystal molecule by a cyclohexane (or bicyclooctane) fragment leads to a considerable decrease in both relaxation times for the longitudinal permittivity, a change in the low-frequency limit of the relaxation time range for the transverse permittivity, and the evolution of the frequency dependence of the dielectric anisotropy.     

The ground-state entanglement in the spin-XX chain with a magnetization current

The ground-state entanglement in a transverse spin-1/2 XX chain with a magnetization current is studied.By introducing a magnetization current to the system,a quantum phase transition to current-carrying phase may be presented with the variation of the driving field λ for the magnetic field h > 1;and the ground-state entanglement arises simultaneously at the critical point of quantum phase transition.In our model,the introduction of magnetization current may result in more entanglement between any two nearest-neighbour spins.     

Drift of a polymer chain in a porous medium --A Monte Carlo study

We investigate the drift of an end-labeled telehelic polymer chain in a frozen disordered medium under the action of a constant force applied to the one end of the macromolecule by means of an off-lattice bead spring Monte Carlo model. The length of the polymers N is varied in the range 8 < N < 128, and the obstacle concentration in the medium C is varied from zero up to the percolation threshold C≈ 0.75. For field intensities below a C-dependent critical field strength B _c, where jamming effects become dominant, we find that the conformational properties of the drifting chains can be interpreted as described by a scaling theory based on Pincus blobs. The variation of drag velocity with C in this interval of field intensities is qualitatively described by the law of Mackie-Meares. The threshold field intensity B _c itself is found to decrease linearly with C. Received 20 August 2001 and Received in final form 19 November 2001     

Transverse pressure distributions in a simple model ear canal occluded by a hearing aid test fixture

The sound field in a model ear canal with a hearing aid test fixture has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Large transverse variations of sound pressure level, as much as 20 dB at 8 kHz, were found across the inner face of the hearing aid. Variations are greatest near the outlet port of the receiver and the vent port. Deeper into the canal, the transverse variations are less significant and, at depths greater than 4 mm, only a longitudinal variation remains. The model canal was cylindrical, 7.5 mm diameter, and terminated with a Zwislocki coupler to represent absorption by the human middle ear. The outer end of the canal was driven by the receiver in the hearing aid test fixture, with the acoustic output entering the canal through a 1 mm port. The hearing aid was provided with a 20-mm-long vent, either 1 or 2 mm in diameter. The sound field inside the canal was measured using a specially designed 0.2-mm-diam probe microphone [Daigle and Stinson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2618 (2004)]. In parallel, calculations of the interior sound field were performed using a boundary element technique and found to agree well with measurements.     

Motion of localized structures in the case of oblique incidence of radiation on a nonlinear interferometer

For wide-aperture interferometers filled with a medium with threshold nonlinearity and excited by external radiation, the transverse profile of the field of localized structures in the form of solitons and dissitons is found when taking spatial filtering into account. The drag coefficient determining the velocity of transverse motion of a single dissiton in the case of oblique incidence of external radiation is analytically calculated.     

Field-induced winding of chiral polymers

We propose a microscopic model of a chiral polymer chain with permanent transverse dipoles interacting with an external electric field. Its behaviour has been investigated by computer simulation in the limit of weak chirality. Large-scale (tertiary) helical winding induced along the field direction has been found above a threshold field E_c, and the helix parameters have been calculated as functions of the field strength. Below E_c there is no coherent helical structure of the chain conformation. We find a characteristic scaling of the threshold and the winding radius a with the chain bending modulus , and . Received: 15 November 1997 / Accepted: 16 February 1998     

Magnetizations of a transverse Ising nanowire

Magnetizations of a cylindrical nanowire described by the transverse Ising model are investigated by the use of the effective field theory with correlations (EFT), since the phase diagrams of the system have been examined in the previous work (J. Magn. Magn. Mater. (2010), in press) by using the two theoretical frameworks of the mean field theory and the EFT. The temperature dependences of longitudinal and transverse magnetizations in the system are strongly affected by the surface situations. Many characteristic phenomena are found in the thermal variations, depending on the ratio of the physical parameters in the surface shell and the core. In particular, the effects of the two transverse fields at the surface shell and in the core to these magnetizations have been firstly clarified.     

Laser-Plasma Interaction in Presence of an Obliquely External Magnetic Field: Application to Laser Fusion without Radioactivity

In this paper, the nonlinear interaction of ultra-high power laser beam with fusion plasma at relativistic regime in the presence of obliquely external magnetic field has been studied. Imposing an external magnetic field on plasma can modify the density profile of the plasma so that the thermal conductivity of electrons reduces which is considered to be the decrease of the threshold energy for ignition. To achieve the fusion of Hydrogen-Boron (HB) fuel, the block acceleration model of plasma is employed. Energy production by HB isotopes can be of interest, since its reaction does not generate radioactive tritium. By using the inhibit factor in the block model acceleration of plasma and Maxwell's as well as the momentum transfer equations, the electron density distribution and dielectric permittivity of the plasma medium are obtained. Numerical results indicate that with increasing the intensity of the external magnetic field, the oscillation of the laser magnetic field decreases, while the dielectric permittivity increases. Moreover, the amplitude of the electron density becomes highly peaked and the plasma electrons are strongly bunched with increasing the intensity of external magnetic field. Therefore, the magnetized plasma can act as a positive focusing lens to enhance the fusion process. Besides, we find that with increasing θ-angle (from oblique external magnetic field) between 0 and 90°, the dielectric permittivity increases, while for θ between 90° and 180°, the dielectric permittivity decreases with increasing θ.     

Trimodal random-field spin- Ising systems in a transverse field

The trimodal random-field spin- Ising system in a transverse field is investigated by combining the pair approximation with the discretized path-integral representation by introducing a parameter p to simulate the fractions of the spins not exposed to the external longitudinal magnetic field. The variation of the critical reduced transverse field and longitudinal magnetic field with the parameter p is studied for different coordination numbers and it is found that the system does not exhibit any tricritical points for p>0.22. The phase diagrams with respect to the external longitudinal random-field and the second-order phase transition temperature are obtained for given values of the transverse field, coordination numbers and the parameter p. It is found that for appropriate values of the system parameters the system does present tricritical points and reentrant phase transitions, which may be caused by the competition between the quantum effects and randomness.     

隐埋“月牙”形InGaAsP/InP激光器动态特性研究

本文用计算机模拟方法分析了隐埋“月牙”形InGaAsP/InP激光器的动态特性,得到阈值电流,单模截止条件与有源区厚度(中心)d₀、沟宽W、条宽s、腔长L和材料的电阻率R_x等结构参数间的关系。在模拟分析的基础上,提供了阈值电流与结构参数间的近似表示式,从中能简捷地估算激光器的物理特性。文内还提出了注入载流子浓度高斯分布模型,应用这模型,可准确地计算电流扩展和增益分布,且导出了最大增益g_max,阈值电流密度J_th,模增益G_th,最佳有源区(中心)厚度d_0,min,最佳阈值电流密度J_th,min等一系列解析式。基于上述分析,该激光器最佳设计参数为d₀=0.15—0.2μm,W=2—4μm,s=10—15μm,L=200μm。 关键词：