轴向受压螺旋杆的平衡稳定性

在Kirchhoff动力学比拟基础上讨论端部受轴向压力作用的圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡稳定性问题.弹性杆的平衡状态由Euler角描述的弹性杆平衡方程的特解确定.从Lyapunov或Euler的不同稳定性概念出发,对弹性杆的平衡稳定性的判断可得出不同的结果.根据一次近似扰动方程判断,弹性杆的螺旋线状态和圆环状态恒满足Lyapunov稳定性条件.但螺旋杆在轴向压力到达临界值时,圆环杆在扭转数到达临界值时将产生屈曲而丧失Euler稳定性.导出临界载荷和临界扭转数的计算公式.螺旋杆的临界载荷取决于螺旋线的高度和螺旋角.螺旋角趋近于π/2时螺旋杆转化为带扭率的直杆,其临界载荷的极限值与压杆的Euler载荷一致.文中对两类不同稳定性概念的区别和联系作出解释.     

Transient analysis of Cosserat rod with inextensibility and unshearability constraints using the least-squares finite element model

In this study, time-dependent fully discretized least-squares finite element model is developed for the transient response of Cosserat rod having inextensibility and unshearability constraints to simulate a surgical thread in space. Starting from the kinematics of the rod for large deformation, the linear and angular momentum equations along with constraint conditions for the sake of completeness are derived. Then, the α-family of time derivarive approximation is used to reduce the governing equations of motion to obtain a semi-discretized system of equations, which are then fully discretized using the least-squares approach to obtain the non-linear finite element equations. Newton׳s method is utilized to solve the non-linear finite element equations. Dynamic response due to impulse force and time-dependent follower force at the free end of the rod is presented as numerical examples.     

轴向受压螺旋杆的动态稳定性与振动

基于Kirchhoff理论讨论端部受轴向压力作用的圆截面弹性螺旋杆的动态稳定性问题。以杆中心线的Frenet坐标系为参考系,建立用欧拉角描述的弹性杆动力学方程。杆的螺旋线平衡状态由方程的特解确定。基于静力学分析的结论,在动力学范畴内继续讨论轴向受压螺旋杆平衡状态的稳定性。在一次近似意义下证明了螺旋杆在空间域内的欧拉稳定性条件为时域内的Lyapunov稳定性条件。从而进一步认识Lyapunov和欧拉两种不同稳定性概念之间的相互关系。导出轴向受压螺旋杆弯扭耦合振动固有频率的近似解析表达式。     

An atomistic-continuum Cosserat rod model of carbon nanotubes

The focus of the present work is an atomistic-continuum model of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on an elastic rod theory which can exhibit geometric as well as material nonlinearity [Healey, T.J., 2002. Material symmetry and chirality in nonlinearly elastic rods. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 7, 405-420]. In particular, the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is modeled as a one-dimensional elastic continuum with some finite thickness bounded by the lateral surface. Exploitation of certain symmetries in the underlying atomic structure leads to suitable representations of the continuum elastic strain energy density in terms of strain measures that capture extension, twist, bending, and shear deformations [Healey, T.J., 2002. Material symmetry and chirality in nonlinearly elastic rods. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 7, 405-420]. Bridging between the atomic scale and the effective continuum is carried out by parameterization of the continuum elastic energy and determination of the parameters using unit cell atomistic simulations over a range of deformation magnitudes and types. Specifically, the proposed model takes into account (a) bending, (b) twist, (c) shear, (d) extension, (e) coupled extension and twist, and (f) coupled bending and shear deformations. The extracted parameters reveal benefits of accounting for important anisotropic and large-strain effects as improvements over employing traditional, linearly elastic, isotropic, small-strain, continuum models to simulate deformations of atomic systems such as SWNTs. It is envisioned that the proposed approach and the extracted model parameters can serve as a useful input to simulations of SWNT deformations using existing nonlinearly elastic continuum codes based, for example, on the finite element method (FEM).     

Nonlinear oscillation of a two-dimensional lift body

It is very difficult to obtain an exact analytical solution to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, so till now analytical solutions are rare in this area. The author has obtained the exact analytical solutions of this type of nonlinear oscillations. In this paper as an example, the exact analytical solution of nonlinear oscillation of a two-dimen-sional lift body, which has attracted the attention of research workers for a long time, is given.     

Stability and vibration of a helical rod constrained by a cylinder

The stability and vibration of an elastic rod with a circular cross section under the constraint of a cylinder is discussed. The differential equations of dynamics of the constrained rod are established with Euler’s angles as variables describing the attitude of the cross section. The existence conditions of helical equilibrium under constraint are discussed as a special configuration of the rod. The stability of the helical equilibrium is discussed in the realms of statics and dynamics, respectively. Necessary conditions for the stability of helical rod are derived in space domain and time domain, and the difference and relationship between Lyapunov’s and Euler’s stability concepts are discussed. The free frequency of flexural vibration of the helical rod with cylinder constraint is obtained in analytical form. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472067). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Stability analysis of a substructured model of the rotating beam

One of the most well-known situations in which nonlinear effects must be taken into account to obtain realistic results is the rotating beam problem. This problem has been extensively studied in the literature and has even become a benchmark problem for the validation of nonlinear formulations. Among other approaches, the substructuring technique was proven to be a valid strategy to account for this problem. Later, the similarities between the absolute nodal coordinate formulation and the substructuring technique were demonstrated. At the same time, it was found the existence of a critical angular velocity, beyond which the system becomes unstable that was dependent on the number of substructures. Since the dependence of the critical velocity was not so far clear, this paper tries to shed some light on it. Moreover, previous studies were focused on a constant angular velocity analysis where the effects of Coriolis forces were neglected. In this paper, the influence of the Coriolis force term is not neglected. The influence of the reference conditions of the element frame are also investigated in this paper.     

Cosserat连续体模型中本构参数对应变局部化模拟结果影响的数值分析

基于所发展的压力相关弹塑性Cosserat连续体模型及相应的数值方法,以一维剪切层及二维平板压缩问题为例,数值分析了Cosserat连续体模型中的本构参数Cosserat剪模、软化模量及内部长度参数对应变局部化数值模拟结果的影响.结果表明在一定取值范围内,Cosserat剪模对数值模拟结果几乎没有影响,并给出了具体数值计算时的取值范围;软化模量绝对值越大,后破坏段的荷载-位移曲线越陡,计算得到的剪切带宽度越窄;内部长度参数越大,后破坏段的荷载-位移曲线越平缓,计算得到的剪切带越宽.     

Flexural-torsional bifurcations of a cantilever beam under potential and circulatory forces I: Non-linear model and stability analysis

The stability of a cantilever elastic beam with rectangular cross-section under the action of a follower tangential force and a bending conservative couple at the free end is analyzed. The beam is herein modeled as a non-linear Cosserat rod model. Non-linear, partial integro-differential equations of motion are derived expanded up to cubic terms in the transversal displacement and torsional angle of the beam. The linear stability of the trivial equilibrium is studied, revealing the existence of buckling, flutter and double-zero critical points. Interaction between conservative and non-conservative loads with respect to the stability problem is discussed. The critical spectral properties are derived and the corresponding critical eigenspace is evaluated.     

The exact analytical solutions to the new model of reservoir filtration problem

The present study has obtained the new model of the reservoir filtration problemby taking into account the effect of wellbore storage and skin and by making use ofthe coupled equations of doubled porous media filtration and consequently has got,through various forms of limits,the exact analytical solutions of the three commonreservoirs(fissure,homogeneous and the two-layered)pressure distribution under theconditions of three boundaries,i.e.,infinite boundary,sealed finite boundary and thefinite boundary at constant pressures.     

基于Cosserat近场动力学的纤维混凝土破坏模拟

本文基于Cosserat近场动力学发展了一种纤维混凝土的近场动力学模型,对纤维混凝土的破坏现象进行研究。该模型考察了物质点独立的转动自由度和物质点间的力偶作用,而且有表征微结构尺寸的内禀长度,相比于传统的近场动力学模型,更适合描述纤维混凝土这类胶结颗粒材料的力学行为。本文采用完全离散的方式对纤维进行建模,引入了纤维拔出实验中拔出位移和切应力的关系,并且采用组构张量描述纤维的局部分布。数值算例部分模拟了单纤维拔出实验、带预制裂纹的平板拉伸实验和三点弯曲梁实验。数值结果和已有的数值模型以及实验进行了对比,验证了所提出模型的正确性。此外,本文还调查了微结构对纤维混凝土破坏的影响,数值结果显示Cosserat剪切模量和内禀长度会影响裂纹的局部分布,但是不会改变裂纹的主方向。     

可控旋转离散杆空间运动分析

基于理想爆轰假设和刚体运动学原理,建立了可控旋转离散杆空间运动模型。对不同尺寸、斜角的杆条进行空间运动状态分析,并和试验结果进行比较,结果表明该模型能较好地描述可控旋转离散杆空间运动状态,为可控旋转离散杆战斗部的设计提供参考。     

Nonlinear dynamics and chaos of a finite-degree-of-freedom model of a buckled rod

The simple example of a mechanical system expressively exhibiting unpredictable and chaotic motions is a rod compressed by a supercritical force and subjected to a time-dependent transverse loading. Dynamics of this system can be analyzed either through modal analysis or through another lumped parameter modelling, for example, by discretization of the rod into an ensemble of segments. The paper is aimed to present the latter formulation of the problem and to discuss numerical results obtained in this framework.

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Sommario Un semplice esempio di sistema meccanico in grado di esibire in modo espressivo comportamenti dinamici non predicibili e caotici è rappresentato da una trave compressa in regime supercritico e soggetta ad un carico trasversale dipendente dal tempo. La dinamica di questo sistema può essere analizzata tramite approssimazioni modali, ovvero attraverso una modellazione a parametri concentrati, ad esempio discretizzando la trave in elementi rigidi con deformabilità localizzate. Il lavoro presenta quest'ultima formulazione del problema e ne discute i relativi risultati numerici.

     

柱形长杆弹侵彻的界面击溃分析

在Alekseevski-Tate模型的基础上,分析了柱形长杆弹的界面击溃过程,给出了弹体速度下降及质 量侵蚀的计算公式;讨论了弹体速度下降及质量侵蚀对动能损失的影响;特别针对柱形长杆弹在界面击溃过 程中弹体速度准定常小量变化的特点,近似给出了弹体速度、弹体质量随时间变化的简化解析表达式,为工程 应用提供便利。     

三维Cosserat连续体模型与微结构尺寸相关效应的有限元分析

分析了三维Cosserat连续体理论中的应力应变特征,推导了三维Cosserat连续体的有限元方程,基于ABAQUS计算软件提供的用户单元子程序(UEL)接口编写了弹性Cosserat连续体三维20节点有限元程序,并分析了微悬臂梁自由端的挠度问题和微杆扭转问题。通过与基于经典连续体理论的解析解及有限元数值计算结果进行比较,表明所发展的三维Cosserat连续体有限元能有效地模拟微结构尺寸相关效应问题,即随着微结构尺寸与材料内部长度参数的接近,基于Cosserat连续体有限元分析得到的微梁的挠度以及微杆的转角与经典连续体的解析解及有限元解相比越来越小;反之,Cosserat连续体有限元的计算结果与经典连续体的解析解及有限元数值解较为一致。     

开口薄壁杆件结构稳定分析的精确单元和两步求解算法

从控制微分方程的通解出发,构造受偏心压力作用开口薄壁杆件的精确形函数,建立用于开口薄壁杆件结构稳定性分析的精确有限元,得到了单元刚度矩阵和几何刚度矩阵的显式表达,提出了计算给定区间内各阶临界荷载以及相应失稳模态的两步计算方法。计算结果表明,与常规单元相比,采用精确单元无需进行网格细分就可以获得精确的数值结果,结合本文的两步求解算法,可以准确获得给定区间内全部临界荷载和失稳模态。     

基于弧长法的受压球壳稳定性分析

对受压球壳进行特征值屈曲分析,得到了前6阶屈曲模态及线性屈曲临界载荷;采用弧长法进行非线性有限元分析,对理想球壳施加初始扰动,通过2次扰动值折半的方法求得引起结构屈曲的最小扰动值,追踪到了屈曲分支点和全过程载荷-位移路线。基于前6阶屈曲模态位移,在受压球壳中分别引入2.5mm和1mm两种缺陷值,分析缺陷对球壳屈曲特性的影响。结果表明:取壳厚的0.5%即0.05mm时,得最小扰动值,近似模型与完善结构极值载荷的差值为0.93%;球壳是缺陷敏感性结构,缺陷的幅值和分布都对其极限载荷有影响,缺陷幅值与厚度比为0.1时,缺陷球壳承载力相对理想结构下降了约11%,缺陷幅值与厚度比为0.25时,承载力相对下降了约30%,说明提高球壳稳定性需要提高球壳加工精度。     

Free axial vibration of nanorods with elastic medium interaction based on nonlocal elasticity and Rayleigh model

In this paper, the free axial vibration of single walled carbon nanorod embedded in an elastic medium is investigated by the use of Rayleigh model. The stress gradient model introduced by Eringen is used to formulate the governing equations. Explicit expressions are derived for eigenfrequencies of fixed-fixed and fixed-free boundary conditions.     

等直杆单元切线刚度矩阵的精确分析方法

为了有效完成大型铰接单层网壳结构的后屈曲分析,本文采用对杆单元杆端力函数求导的方法推导出了等直杆单元切线刚度矩阵的精确形式。该切线刚度矩阵不受结构小变形限制,适用于结构产生任意大结点位移情况。以六角星桁架、平面圆拱桁架和大跨K8单层网壳结构为算例,采用广义位移控制法进行非线性后屈曲分析,其中预测子采用本文杆单元切线刚度矩阵。算例分析结果表明,本文杆单元切线刚度矩阵在大型铰接单层网壳结构的非线性后屈曲分析中有很强的预测能力。