沙漠植物种子细胞壁结构CP MAS 13C NMR研究

用交叉极化(CP)-魔角旋转(MAS)技术得到两种类型植物沙米(Agriophllum squarrosum L. Moq.)和刺沙蓬(Salsola ruthenica Iljin)种子的一系列核磁共振碳-13(¹³C NMR)波谱,发现两种植物种子内蛋白质、碳水化合物含量不同,两种植物种子细胞壁结构也有差别,沙米主要是木葡聚糖,刺沙蓬主要是半乳甘露聚糖。     

HR/MAS高分辨魔角微量探头用于天然橡胶固体1H、13C NMR测试及其与液体BBO探头、固体CP/MAS探头测试的比较

采用BRUKER高分辨魔角微量探头（HR/MAS），液相宽带BBO探头和固体CP/MAS探头，对天然橡胶固体、乳液以及天然橡胶溶于氘代苯的溶液进行了¹H、¹³C 1D和2D NMR谱的测试和比较. 发现HR/MAS探头用于天然橡胶固体和乳液时可以得到高分辨的¹H、¹³C谱，克服了CP/MAS探头测试固体¹³C NMR谱或者是固体¹H NMR谱时，谱图存在S/N值可能较小、谱峰可能宽化的弱点.     

DEPT-(90+45),一个新的谱编辑技术

将DEPT-135序列的135°-脉冲分成一个90°-脉冲和一个45°-脉冲,设计了一个新的谱编辑技术,称为DEPT-(90+45).应用不同的相位循环,可以分别得到只有甲基的¹³C谱和只有亚甲基的¹³C谱.只有甲基的¹³C谱完全没有其他基团的残余干扰信号.但是,只有次甲基的¹³C谱(DEPT-90)和只有亚甲基的¹³C谱均混有所选基团之外的残余干扰信号.因此,DEPT-(90+45)将是一个非常有用的谱编辑技术.     

蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究Ⅱ.桑、柞蚕丝及其丝素的13C CP-MAS NMR研究

本文在Bruker AC-250和MSL-400谱仪上,首次测试了河南桑蚕茧、丝素及柞蚕黄茧、人工白茧和丝素的固态¹³C CP MAS NMR谱,归属了¹³C NMR谱线,并揭示了白茧和黄茧二级结构的差异。     

H-SAPO-34分子筛催化醇类转化的差异性研究

本文研究了H-SAPO-34催化甲醇和丁醇转化反应及其产物分布的差异,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用、¹³C交叉极化魔角旋转核磁共振(¹³C CP MAS NMR)技术捕获了反应过程中生成的重要反应中间物种．甲醇转化过程以乙烯、丙烯和丁烯为主要产物;而丁醇转化过程中主要产物是丁醇脱水生成的丁烯,反应初期以丙烯和丁烯作为主要产物．两种醇类转化均以低碳烯烃作为主要产物,且存留物种和¹³C CP MAS NMR分析均观察到芳烃物种,说明H-SAPO-34催化甲醇和丁醇转化存留在催化剂上的有机物种相近．虽然起始于不同的醇类反应,但H-SAPO-34上限域空间的酸催化环境都能引导甲醇和丁醇制取低碳烯烃的反应过程．     

羰基化合物分子距边矢量与其13C NMR δC的关系

通过对155个羰基化合物中羰基碳原子的¹³C NMR谱与其分子距离-边数矢量(MDE)、立体效应参数(γ 效应)关系的研究，发现羰基化合物羰基碳的¹³C NMR谱化学位移可表示为：
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δ_C=a+bμ₅₁+cμ₅₂+dμ₅₃+eμ₅₄+fγ
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此式不仅在一定程度上表明了羰基化合物¹³C NMR谱化学位移与其分子结构信息之间的关系，同时也提供了一种计算羰基化合物¹³C NMR化学位移的新方法，并对解析和预测其¹³C NMR谱提供了理论依据.      

抑制HMQC实验中与碳-12相连质子的信号

建议了一个新的HMQC实验的脉冲序列,其准备期和混合期分别为90°_x(¹H)-τ/2-180°^x(¹H,¹³C)-τ/2-90°_x(¹H,¹³C)和90°_x(¹³C)-τ/2-180°_x(¹H,¹³C)-τ/2-,以及τ=(2J_CH)^-1(J_CH为C-H偶合常数).在这个新的HMQC实验中,与碳-12相连质子的信号被有效地抑制,其抑制的机理与脉冲的相位循环无关.从而,它可以用于有效地抑制HMQC谱的噪音.特别是,在没有脉冲梯度场装置时,该方法显得非常实用     

自旋回波付里叶变换核磁共振波谱法识别13C谱

¹³C自旋回波付里叶变换(SEFT)序列脉冲技术与¹H去偶技术配合能够简化¹³C谱,便于识别C、CH、CH₂、CH₃谱线。本文介绍了用FT-80A NMR谱仪应用其中两种脉冲序列的实验条件并将几种纯烃化合物和混合芳烃样品的实验结果与常用实验技术进行了比较和讨论。     

取代基效应(SCS)与乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的序列结构Ⅱ.取代基效应方法

本文提出了一种解析乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物的¹³C NMR谱的取代基效应方法,它揭示了存在于共聚物序列结构与¹³C谱之间的对应关系,并对这种关系进行了系统的阐述。文章中首次按上述对应关系明显与否将共聚物¹³C谱分成两类,并给出进行分类的三种判据:SCS参数,共单体均聚物的¹³C谱,以及取代基的电性。文章最后比较了取代基效应方法与Grant-Paul方法的异同。     

聚芳醚酮单体分子与分子极化的13C NMR研究

为弄清聚芳醚酮单体在硫酸中变色(红)现象,通过¹³C NMR研究了它们在CDCl₃、CDCl₃+DMSO-d₆和H₂SO₄的¹³C谱化学位移及氟端基偶合情况.研究表明:这些单体溶于硫酸时,羰基碳弛豫时间缩短化学位移增加,而与羰基相连的季碳弛豫时间减小化学位移也减少.据此,首次提出硫酸使这些单体极化的机理为正极性磺酸基使羰基发生电子离城,变温¹³C谱对此进行了验证.     

Modified spectral editing methods for (13)C CP/MAS experiments in solids

The spectral editing approach of Zilm and coworkers utilizes polarization, polarization inversion, and spin depolarization methods for enhancing or suppressing NMR spectral lines in solids. The proposed pulse sequences allow nonprotonated C, CH, CH(2), and CH(3) types of carbon resonances to be separated from one another and identified accordingly. The former method tentatively separates the nonprotonated C and CH(3) peaks with a cutoff shift of 35 ppm. This shift is a reasonable demarcation shift for a preponderance of organic molecules, but exceptions do exist that could constitute a serious drawback in a few instances. The new approach separates the nonprotonated C and CH(3) carbon peaks unequivocally using modified pulse sequences similar to those of Zilm. Further, both the CH only and CH(2) only spectra, respectively, can be acquired directly from combining so called (+) and (-) sequences using different spectral delay periods and pulse parameters. The (+) and the (-) pulse sequences produce signals for the nonprotonated and methyl carbons that have essentially the same amplitude but opposite phases. These spectra, combined with the previously reported CH(3) and nonprontonated C only spectra, offer a complete spectral editing technique for solid samples. Examples of these spectral editing methods are provided for 3-methylglutaric acid, fumaric acid monoethyl ester, and two complex natural products: methyl o-methylpodocarpate and 10-deacetylbaccatin III.     

CP MAS 13C spectral editing and relative quantitation of a soil sample

A hydrofluoric acid (HF)-treated soil sample was studied by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Cross polarization (CP) Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) 13C spectral editing and relative CP peak quantitation, obtained through variable-contact-time experiments, were used to aid the interpretation of the spectrum. The combination of these two types of experiment allowed to obtain a higher degree of detail on the composition of the sample with respect to a standard CP MAS experiment.     

Coherence selection in double CP MAS NMR spectroscopy

Applications of double cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, via (1)H/(15)N and then (15)N/(13)C coherence transfers, for (13)C coherence selection are demonstrated on a (15)N/(13)C-labeled N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) compound. The (15)N/(13)C coherence transfer is very sensitive to the settings of the experimental parameters. To resolve explicitly these parameter dependences, we have systematically monitored the (13)C{(15)N/(1)H} signal as a function of the rf field strength and the MAS frequency. The data reveal that the zero-quantum coherence transfer, with which the (13)C effective rf field is larger than that of the (15)N by the spinning frequency, would give better signal sensitivity. We demonstrate in one- and two-dimensional double CP experiments that spectral editing can be achieved by tailoring the experimental parameters, such as the rf field strengths and/or the MAS frequency.     

Modified Spectral Editing Methods for C CP/MAS Experiments in Solids

The spectral editing approach of Zilm and coworkers utilizes polarization, polarization inversion, and spin depolarization methods for enhancing or suppressing NMR spectral lines in solids. The proposed pulse sequences allow nonprotonated C, CH, CH₂, and CH₃ types of carbon resonances to be separated from one another and identified accordingly. The former method tentatively separates the nonprotonated C and CH₃ peaks with a cutoff shift of 35 ppm. This shift is a reasonable demarcation shift for a preponderance of organic molecules, but exceptions do exist that could constitute a serious drawback in a few instances. The new approach separates the nonprotonated C and CH₃ carbon peaks unequivocally using modified pulse sequences similar to those of Zilm. Further, both the CH only and CH₂ only spectra, respectively, can be acquired directly from combining so called (+) and (−) sequences using different spectral delay periods and pulse parameters. The (+) and the (−) pulse sequences produce signals for the nonprotonated and methyl carbons that have essentially the same amplitude but opposite phases. These spectra, combined with the previously reported CH₃ and nonprontonated C only spectra, offer a complete spectral editing technique for solid samples. Examples of these spectral editing methods are provided for 3-methylglutaric acid, fumaric acid monoethyl ester, and two complex natural products: methyl o-methylpodocarpate and 10-deacetylbaccatin III.     

固体13C NMR谱编辑方法研究改性丝光沸石结炭

通过¹³C CP/MASNMR技术,对经MgO改性后丝光沸石的结炭组成进行的研究表明,结炭的组成主要为缩聚程度较低的支链芳烃和少量烯烃;在保持分子筛活性的条件下分子筛的抗结炭能力较强,这可能与MgO改性后分子筛的酸性变化或孔径改变有关.     

A solid-state NMR application of the anomeric effect in carbohydrates: galactosamine, glucosamine, and N-acetyl-glucosamine

Simple 2D 13C/15N heteronuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectroscopy was implemented to resolve the 15N resonances of the alpha and beta anomers of three amino monosaccharides: galactosamine (GalN), glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN), and N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) labeled specifically with 13C1/15N spin pairs. Although the 15N resonances could not be distinguished in normal 1D spectra, they were well resolved in 2D double CP/MAS correlation spectra by taking advantage of the 13C spectral resolution. The alpha and beta resonances shifted apart by 3-5 ppm in their 13C chemical shifts, and differed by 1-2 ppm in the extended 15N dimension. Aside from this, the detection of other 13C/15N correlations over short distances was also achieved arising from the C2, C3 and CO carbons present in natural abundance. 2D double CP/MAS chemical shift correlation NMR spectroscopy is a simple and powerful technique to characterize the anomeric effect of amino monosaccharides. Applications of the 2D method reveal well-resolved 15N and 13C chemical shifts might be useful for structural determination on carbohydrates of biological significance, such as glycopeptide or glycolipids.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF COKE ON MODIFIED H-MORDENITE ZEOLITE BY 13C NMR SPECTRAL EDITING METHOD

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Solid-state 13C and 1H spin diffusion NMR analyses of the microfibril structure for bacterial cellulose

To obtain further information about the cause for the rather large splitting of the C4 resonance line into the downfield (C4D) and upfield (C4U) lines in CP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectra for native cellulose, ¹³C and ¹H spin diffusion measurements have been conducted by using different types of bacterial cellulose samples. In ¹³C spin diffusion measurements, the C4D resonance line is selectively inverted by the Dante π pulse sequence and the ¹³C spin diffusion is allowed to proceed from the C4D carbons to other carbons including the C4U carbons with use of the ¹³C4-enriched bacterial cellulose sample. The analysis based on the simple spin diffusion theory for the process experimentally observed reveals that the C4U carbons may be located at distances less than about 1 nm from the C4D carbons. In ¹H spin diffusion measurements, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films in which ribbon assemblies of bacterial cellulose are dispersed are employed and the ¹H spin diffusion process is examined from the water-swollen PVA continuous phase to the dispersed ribbon assemblies by the ¹³C detection through the ¹H–¹³C CP technique. As a result, it is found that the C4D and C4U carbons are almost equally subjected to the ¹H spin diffusion from the PVA phase, indicating that the C4U carbons are not localized in some limited area, e.g. in the surfacial region, but are distributed in the whole area in the microfibrils. These experimental results suggest that the C4U carbons may exist as structural defects probably due to conformational irregularity associated with disordered hydrogen bonding of the CH₂OH groups in the microfibrils.     

Ring-chain tautomerism in solid-phase erythromycin A: evidence by solid-state NMR

Chemical shift modeling, utilizing the DFT B3LYP/D95** method, provides the spectral assignment of the 35 visible 13C resonances from the solid-phase erythromycin A dihydrate. A new resonance at 110.8ppm is observed in the high-resolution 13C CP/MAS spectrum upon the application of heat or sample desiccation. With the use of the dipolar-dephasing spectral editing technique, this resonance is identified as a hemiketal carbon and the alternative hypothesis, a conformational change to the anomeric carbon of the desosamine sugar, is ruled out. Hence, the formation of a cyclic hemiketal in erythromycin A while in the solid phase is proven by solid-state NMR. The principal components of the 13C chemical-shift tensor corresponding to this hemiketal are reported. This is the first measurement of hemiketal 13C principal values. The delta11 and delta22 components are unique compared to anomeric carbon values reported in the literature.