采用纳氏试剂分光光度法监测地表水氨氮时样品预处理方法改进

采用HJ535-2009《水质氨氮的测定纳氏试试剂分光光度法》测定水样氨氮时,当水样浑浊或有颜色时用蒸馏法对样品进行预处理,但该处理方法测定结果偏低,远远超出误差允许范围。提出以0.45μm滤膜过滤样品后进行测定,并在比色过程用过滤水样作色度校准。方法改进后对标准样品进行测定,测定结果与标准值相一致。采用改进后的方法对实际样品进行测定,加标回收率为96.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.60%(n=6)。该法测试数据稳定、结果可靠,适合于汛期地表水中氨氮的测定。     

高频红外碳硫分析仪测定土壤、粘土中的硫

应用高频红外碳硫分析仪测定土壤、粘土中的硫含量,对助熔剂的选择、分析时间、吹氧流量及称样量等分析条件进行优化后对标准样品中的硫含量进行测定,测定结果均在标准值范围内。土壤样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.10%(n=8),粘土样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.51%(n=8)。该方法对实际样品的测定结果与硫酸钡重量法测定结果相吻合。     

火焰原子吸收法测定锌焙砂和锌精矿中高含量锌

选用锌的次灵敏线307.6 nm,以空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定锌焙砂和锌精矿中高含量锌,对测定条件进行了选择,试验了各种酸、酸度及共存离子对锌测定的影响,以此拟订了简便、准确和快速的测定方法。用该法对已知结果的锌焙砂和锌精矿标样进行了测定,测定结果与化学分析法测定结果以及标准样品结果相符。     

裂解气中NO,AsH_3,COS等杂质的色/质联用测定研究

 以气相色谱 /质谱 (GC/MS)的选择离子监测 (SIM )测定方式对裂解气中的一氧化氮、砷化氢、羰基硫、硫醚、硫醇等杂质进行了测定。针对一氧化碳、二氧化碳、乙烷、乙烯及氮气对一氧化氮测定的干扰 ,分别采取色谱分离和扣除响应的方法对其予以排除。考察了裂解工艺气物流对所选择离子的测定的干扰情况。对实际工艺气中的上述杂质进行了测定 ,结果一氧化氮的检出限为 10 0nL/L。     

水质中总氮测定的影响因素分析

采用碱性过硫酸钾消解―紫外分光光度法对水质中总氮含量进行测定,分析影响总氮测定结果的各种因素。实验结果显示,测定水中总氮过程中,实验所用纯净水、过硫酸钾纯度及碱性溶液存放时间对空白吸光度有明显影响,消解时间和冷却放置时间也会影响测定的空白吸光度和相对误差。在实验确定的最佳条件下对样品进行测定,结果准确可靠。     

ICP-AES法同时测定锰矿石中铁、铝、钛、钙、镁、磷、钡、铅的含量

锰矿石样品用HNO3-HF-HClO4酸溶除硅后,对采用ICP-AES法测定其中的铁、铝、钛、钙、镁、磷时,同时测定钡、铅的相关条件进行了试验。主要对酸溶样能否分解重晶石或天青石等含钡矿物进行了探讨,测定了3个国家级标准样品。测定结果与标准值吻合。用标准加入法测得的钡和铅的回收率分别为96．0％-100．5％,97．1％～100．0％。用该法对含钡量较高的澳大利亚锰矿进行分析,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0-82％,并将测定结果与X荧光光谱法测定结果进行了比对。     

火花直读光谱法测定铝及铝合金中的钒含量

通过对测定条件的优化,采用高钒系列标准样品建立分析程序,完成类型标准化,校验后再进行测定,建立了火花直读光谱法对铝及铝合金中的钒含量进行测定的方法。选用E2235高钒标准样品进行标准化,所得测定值与标准值基本一致,相对标准偏差为2.9%(n=8)。结果表明,当测定元素含量不超过0.020%时,方法准确、可靠,适合于铝及铝合金中微量钒含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定矿泉水中痕量溴和碘

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定矿泉水中痕量溴、碘,比较了不同酸碱度对溴、碘测定的影响。测量过程中对溴、碘的记忆效应进行消除,选择了最佳的工作条件,溴、碘的方法检出限分别为0.63,0.112μg/L,相对标准偏差分别为3.1%和1.8%,加标回收率为96%～107%。对国家标准水样进行了测定,测定结果与推荐值一致性较好。     

支持向量回归同时测定苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的研究

在波长200~400 nm范围内,测定酪氨酸、色氨酸和苯丙氨酸混合体系的吸光度,用连续小波变换(CWT)对光谱数据进行预处理,再用支持向量回归(SVR)方法进行建模,建立了支持向量回归紫外分光光度法同时测定酪氨酸、色氨酸和苯丙氨酸的方法,用所建方法对模拟样品进行了测定。结果表明,酪氨酸、色氨酸和苯丙氨酸预测结果的回收率在98%~102%之间,测定结果准确。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光测定钨钼锡矿中的主次成分

采用熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定矿物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Mo、W、Al、Fe、Si、K、Na、Ti、Ca、Sn等13种主次量元素,采用混合均匀的三混熔剂,以硝酸锂为氧化剂、溴化锂为脱膜剂,进行实验条件优化选择。在650℃下对样品进行预氧化,在1100℃下高温熔融,熔融时间为300 s,最后制成均匀透明,表面光滑无气孔的熔片,以部分国家一级标准物质和自制的钨钼锡标准样品,熔融制片进行测定,线性拟合建立标准曲线,并通过测定谱线选择、基体校正,使钨钼锡的测定范围扩宽,从微量到主量均能进行测定,并且适用于多种不同矿石的测定。样品的组成和含量变化会对分析线强度造成吸收、增强以及谱线重叠的影响,采用经验系数和理论α系数结合来校正其产生的基体效应。相同条件下熔融10个标准样品进行测定,其相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%,表明方法的准确度、精密度均满足国家相关质量标准的要求。选用一些含量不同的标准样品进行测定,最终的测定结果与标准值相符,表明方法可用于钨钼锡矿的测定。     

Synthesis of benzoxazinone derivatives: a new route to 2 (N phthaloylmethyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one

A new method has been designed to prepare the known benzoxazinone derivative 2-(N-phthaloylmethyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (4). The acyl chloride derivative N-phthaloylglycine reacts with anthranilic acid in chloroform, in the presence of triethylamine, to give an intermediate that is then reacted with cyanuric chloride, used as a cyclization agent, to produce the benzoxazinone derivative.     

Synthesis of a polypseudorotaxane, polyrotaxane, and polycatenane using ‘click’ chemistry

The synthesis of a polypseudorotaxane, polyrotaxane, and polycatenane containing the electron-deficient cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT⁴⁺) subunit in the side chain is described. These interlocked supramolecular polymers have been prepared from an azide-functionalized polystyrene derivative and an acetylene-functionalized [2]rotaxane, [2]catenane and their parent tetracationic cyclophane via Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3 dipolar cycloadditions (‘click chemistry’). The synthesis and characterization of the polymers and intermediates has been described using IR, ¹H NMR, UV spectroscopies, and voltammetry. We have shown that the CBPQT⁴⁺ unit of the side chain polystyrene derivative has the ability to reversibly undergo complexation with a complementary dialkoxynaphthalene derivative.     

The absolute configurations of (+)-usnic and (+)-isousnic acid. X-ray analyses of the (−)-α-phenylethylamine derivative of (+)-usnic acid and of (−)-pseudoplacodiolic acid,a new dibenzofuran,from the lichen Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca.

The absolute configuration of (+)-usnic acid has been shown to be (4aR) as in (1) by X-ray analysis of the (?)-α-phenylethylamine derivative (2). The structure and absolute stereochemistry of (?)-pseudoplacodiolic acid (4) have been established.     

Enhancement of electroluminescence intensity in poly(3-alkylthiophene) with different alkyl side-chain length by doping of fluorescent dye

Electroluminescent diodes utilizing poly(3-alkylthiophene) (PAT) containing fluorescent dyes have been fabricated and their unique enhancement of emission characteristics have been studied. Remarkable enhancement of the electroluminescence efficiency has been observed for diodes with PAT doped with oxadiazole derivative (2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole; PBD) and perylene derivative (N,N′ - Bis(2,5 - di - tert - butylphenyl) - 3,4,9,10 - perylenedi- carboximide; BPPC). The mechanism of emission enhancement by doping of PBD into PAT has been discussed with different alkyl side-chain lengths. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simultaneous Determination of Cobalt and Nickel Using Morpholinedithiocarbamate (MDTC) as Reagent by First and Second Derivative Spectrophotometry

A selective and sensitive derivative method has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Co(II) and Ni(II) with morpholinedithiocarbamate (MDTC) in the presence of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). The molar absorption coefficients of the 1:2 complex of Co(II) and Ni(II) at 326 nm and 322 nm are 2.248 × 10⁴ and 2.505 × 10⁴ L mol^?1 cm^?1 for zero order. The analytical sensitivity for the second derivative of Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are 0.0044 μg mL^?1 and 0.0060 μg mL^?1. The developed derivative procedure, using the zero‐crossing technique, has been successfully applied for the analysis of Co(II) and Ni(II) simultaneously in different alloy samples.     

Synthesis and characterization of the Keggin-type ruthenium-nitrido derivative [PW11O39{RuN}]4- and evidence of its electrophilic reactivity

The ruthenium-nitrido POM derivative [PW11O39{RuVIN}]4- has been synthesized by reaction between [PW11O39]7- and [RuVINCl5]2- or [RuVINCl4]-. Its molecular structure has been confirmed from multinuclear 31P and 183W NMR spectroscopy together with an EXAFS study, while the oxidation state of the ruthenium bearing the nitrido ligand has been inferred both from 183W NMR and XANES analysis at the Ru-K edge. The potential of [PW11O39{RuVIN}]4- in N-atom transfer reactions has been demonstrated through reaction with triphenylphosphine, which ultimately leads to the release of the bis(triphenylphosphane)iminium cation [PPh3=N=PPh3]+ through several intermediates, among which the phosphoraniminato derivative [PW11O39{RuVNPh3}]3- has been structurally characterized. Its unusual oxidation state is in accordance with its EPR spectrum.     

Synthesis of some new pyrazoloquinazolinone and quinazolinone derivatives

The benzoxazinone derivative 2‐(6,8‐dibromo‐4‐oxo‐4H‐benzo[d]‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile ( 1 ) has been used as a starting material for preparation of the hitherto unknown pyrazoloquinazolinone and quinazolinone derivatives. Under different conditions the benzoxazinone ( 1 ) was reacted with hydrazine hydrate to provide the pyrazolocarbonitrile derivative ( 2 ) and the azine derivative ( 3 ) and/or the pyrazoloquinazoline derivative ( 4 ). When ( 4 ) was conducted to react either with EAA (ethyl acetoacetate) or Ac₂O/AcOH (acetic anhydride/acetic acid) mixture or phthalic anhydride/acetic acid mixture, the pyrazoloquinazoline carbonitrile ( 5 ), pyrazolo‐quinazoline acetic acid ( 6 ) or the pyrazoloquinazolinone derivative ( 7 ) were formed respectively. When ( 1 ) was reacted with phenylhydrazine, a mixture of the quinazolinone derivative ( 8 ) and the hydrazone derivative ( 9 ) were obtained. The benzoxazinone derivative ( 1 ) was found also to react with benzylamine in ethanol or without solvent to give the quinazolinone derivative ( 10 ) or the quinazolindione ( 11 ) respectively. Fusion of ( 1 ) with ammonium acetate yielded the quinazolinone ( 12 ), which was methylated to give ( 13 ) and thiated to the thioxyquinazoline derivative ( 14 ), while reaction of ( 1 ) with formamide gave the N‐formylquinazoline derivative ( 15 ).     

Rational synthesis of multicyclic bis[2]catenanes

Bis-loop tetraurea calix[4]arene 6 has been prepared by acylation of the wide-rim calix[4]arene tetraamine 1 with the activated bis(urethane) 8 under dilution conditions. Similarly the bis(Boc-protected) tetraamine 2 is converted into the mono-loop derivative 3 which after deprotection and acylation gives the bisalkenyl derivative 5. In apolar solvents this tetraurea calix[4]arene 5 forms regioselectively a single hydrogen-bonded homodimer, from which the bis[2]catenane 10a is formed in 49% by a metathesis reaction followed by hydrogenation. Bis-loop derivative 6 forms no homodimers for steric reasons, but a stoichiometric mixture with the open-chain tetraalkenyl derivative 7a contains exclusively the heterodimer. Metathesis and subsequent hydrogenation now yields 65 % of the pure bis[2]catenane 10a which could not be isolated from the complex reaction mixture obtained from the homodimer 7a.7a. The chirality of 10a (D(2) symmetry) has been verified by optical resolution using HPLC on a chiral stationary phase.     

Cycloheptatriene-norcaradiene-equilibrium cycloaddition reactions of the 1.2-benzocycloheptatriene with singlet oxygen and 4-phenyl-1.2.4-triazolin-3.5-dione

Cycloaddition reactions of the 1.2-benzocycloheptatriene with singlet oxygen and 4-phenyl-1.2.4-triazolin-3.5-dione (PTAD) have been studied. For the first time, addition of the PTAD to a cycloheptatriene derivative has been observed.     

Structure of Hugershoff's and Hector's bases,and acetylated Hector's base

X-Ray structural analysis has been used to establish the structures of the heterocyclic oxidation products of N-arylthioureas. The oxidation product of N,N'-diphenylthiourea (Hugershoff 's base) is 2-[N-phenyl-N-(phenylamino-phenylimino-methyl)] aminobenzothiazole. The oxidation product of N-phenylthiorea (Hector's base) has been confirmed to be 5-imino-4-phenyl-3-phenylamino-4H-1,2,4-thiodiazoline. The acetyl group in its acetyl derivative has been shown to be attached to the imine nitrogen atom.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 206–210, February, 1985.