偶氮羧Ⅰ催化动力学光度法测定痕量铬的研究

研究了痕量铬(Ⅵ)对高碘酸钾氧化偶氮羧Ⅰ反应的催化作用,发现其在硝酸介质中具有高灵敏的反应,检出限为8.2×10-10g·ml-1,线性范围为0～0.08μg·ml-1。可用于测定水样中的铬。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量碘

基于碘在高碘酸钾氧化亮绿SF增色反应中的催化活性 ,建立了高灵敏度、高选择性的催化动力学光度法测定痕量碘的方法 ,测定范围为 0 .5～ 10 μg·ml- 1,方法检出限为 0 .2 6μg·ml- 1,用于天然水的碘化物测定 ,获得满意结果     

二溴硝基偶氮胂催化动力学光度法测定铋

研究了痕量铋对高碘酸钾氧化二溴硝基偶氮胂的催化作用 ,发现其在硫酸介质中具有高灵敏的反应 ,检出限为 2 .4× 10 - 9g·ml- 1,线性范围为 0～ 0 .7μg/2 5ml。可用于测定水中铋     

双波长动力学吸光光度法测定中蒙药中痕量锰

研究了痕量锰氧化萘酚绿褪色和生色反应及其动力学条件,并应用570和710nm双波长组合,建立了测定痕量锰的新方法。测定线性范围为8～22.5μg·ml-1,检出限为6.8μg·ml-1。该方法用于中蒙药中痕量锰的测定,获得满意结果。     

曙红Y褪色光度法测定微量铈

研究了在氨-氯化铵介质中Ce(Ⅳ)催化高碘酸钾氧化曙红Y的褪色反应及其动力学条件,测定了反应级数和表观活化能,建立了测定痕量铈的新方法.曙红Y的最大吸收波长为515 nm,该方法的检出极限为2.0×10-10 g·ml-1,线性范围为0～400 ng·ml-1,可用于发样中痕量铈的测定.     

催化光度法测定痕量锰的研究

研究了在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中 1 1 0邻菲口罗啉存在下 ,痕量锰 (Ⅱ )催化高碘酸钾氧化酸性铬蓝K的褪色反应。λmax=5 40nm ,线性范围 0 8～ 2 4ng·mL- 1,检出限为 4 85× 1 0 - 8g·L- 1。用于池塘水和人发中痕量锰的测定 ,结果满意     

以十二烷基硫酸钠为增敏剂催化光度法测定痕量锰

报道了以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为增敏剂,高碘酸钾氧化茜素绿催化之度法测定衣量锰的方法。方法中添加了阴离子表面活性剂SDS,灵敏度提高4．3涪(锰含量0-0．6ns·ml-1)和5．7倍(锰含量0．6-1．6ng·ml-1),相对标准偏差为2．6%(n=11),检出限为4．06×10-11g·ml-1。     

催化光度法测定井水和白葡萄酒中痕量锰

锰是人体必需的微量元素之一 ,适量的锰有利于身体健康 ,而含量过高或过低都会引起某些器官的病变而出现不适 ,因而准确测定痕量锰具有重要意义。锰的催化光度法测定已有不少报道 ,作者在试验中发现在乙酸 -乙酸钠介质中 ,锰对高碘酸钾氧化维多利亚蓝的褪色反应具有强烈催化作用 ,其褪色反应速率与 Mn( )的浓度在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。本文研究了维多利亚蓝催化动力学光度法测定痕量锰的条件 ,建立了测定痕量 Mn( )的方法。方法检出限为 0 .1 3ng· ml-1,选择性较好。本法已用于井水和白葡萄酒中锰的测定。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与…     

Ru(Ⅲ)-KIO_4-偶氮氯膦pA褪色反应用于痕量钌的催化光度测定

酸性介质中痕量 Ru( )的存在对高碘酸钾氧化偶氮氯膦 p A的褪色反应有明显的催化作用。此文研究了褪色反应的最佳条件 ,其 Ru( )的检出限为 5μg· L-1,钌在 5～ 32μg· L-1范围内符合比耳定律。由此建立了痕量钌的催化光度分析法。方法可直接在水相中进行 ,用于贵金属精矿中钌的测定 ,结果满意     

速差催化荧光法同时测定痕量钴和铜

基于在硼酸 硼砂介质中 ,钴和铜都能催化过氧化氢氧化还原型罗丹明 6G的反应 ,并且产生荧光强度具有加和性的特性 ,建立了速差催化荧光法同时测定痕量钴和铜的新方法。钴和铜的检出限分别为 0 .90ng·ml- 1和 0 .0 5 3μg·ml- 1;测定范围分别为 1.0 0～ 2 0 .0 0ng·ml- 1和 0 .10～1.2 0 μg·ml- 1。将方法用于生物样品中痕量钴和铜的同时测定 ,结果满意     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。