顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定海洋沉积物中的苯系物

利用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）与气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用建立了测定海洋沉积物中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯以及苯乙烯等7种常见苯系物的检测分析方法。对无机盐的加入、平衡时间、萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸温度和时间等多个固相微萃取条件以及色谱条件进行了优化,内标法定量。结果表明：在0.500~20.0 ng/g范围内7种苯系物的线性关系良好,相关系数在0.995~0.999之间;方法检出限为0.0818~0.175 ng/g（干重）;日内和日间重现性较好,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%~3.6%（n=5）和0.4%~6.3%（n=3）;在每1.00 g海洋沉积物样品中2.0和15.0 ng加标水平下,平均加标回收率分别为61.7%~79.5%和77.1%~85.6%,相对标准偏差分别为5.4%~9.6%和3.9%~7.6%（n=5）。该方法快速、灵敏、简便,准确度高,重现性好,适合海洋沉积物样品中苯系物的痕量分析。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法鉴别海南黄花梨木与越南黄花梨木

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPME-GC-MS)研究了海南黄花梨木与越南黄花梨木中的挥发性成分,并对二者进行了鉴别。用电钻在黄花梨木上钻取少量粉末,采用SPME富集挥发性成分,经AB-FFAP极性毛细管气相色谱柱分离,共鉴定出20种挥发性成分,并发现了可用于鉴别海南黄花梨木与越南黄花梨木的两对特征成分:2-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5-庚基-5-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-酮与2,6,10-三甲基-7,10-环氧-2,11-十二碳二烯-6-醇、2-甲基亚丁基-环戊烷与2-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)丙醛,并利用其相对含量的关系对海南黄花梨木与越南黄花梨木进行鉴别。该方法具有样品用量小、操作简便快速、不损害整体结构等特点,可用于黄花梨木挥发性成分的分析研究,亦适用于海南黄花梨木与越南黄花梨木的树种鉴别,在家具、工艺品及原木等的鉴别中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analytical method for the simultaneous separation and determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous samples has been developed, based on the sorption of target analytes on a selectively sorptive fibre and subsequent desorption of analytes directly into GC-MS. The influence of various parameters on PAH extraction efficiency by SPME was thoroughly studied. Results show that the fibre exposure time and the use of agitation during exposure are critical in enhancing SPME performance. The presence of colloidal organic matter (as simulated by humic acid) in water samples is shown to significantly reduce the extraction efficiency, suggesting that SPME primarily extracts the truly dissolved compounds. This offers the significant advantage of allowing the differentiation between freely available dissolved compounds and those associated with humic material and potentially biologically unavailable. The method showed good linearity up to 10 μg/l. The reproducibility of the measurements expressed as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was generally <20%. The method developed was then applied to extract PAHs from sediment porewater samples collected from the Mersey Estuary, UK. Total PAH concentrations in porewater were found to vary between 95 and 742 ng/l with two to four ring PAHs predominating. Results suggest that SPME has the potential to accurately determine the dissolved concentrations of PAHs in sediment porewater.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用检测地沟油中胆固醇

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPE-GC-MS)检测地沟油样品中胆固醇的分析方法。样品用硅胶固相萃取小柱前处理净化,先用20 mL含0.6%乙醚的正己烷溶液淋洗,再用10 mL含15%乙醚的正己烷溶液洗脱,胆固醇萃取率达97%。净化后的样品用配备电子轰击离子源的气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行测定,以保留时间和特征碎片离子定性,在选择离子监测模式下用外标法定量,选择离子为m/z 213、275、301、368、386,目标离子为m/z 386,参考离子为m/z 213和275。不同加标水平下的加标回收率为91.7%～101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6%,检出限为0.01 mg/L。胆固醇质量浓度在0.24~6.0 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系(相关系数为0.9996)。该法可精确检测油脂中胆固醇的含量,检测结果可作为判断其中是否掺有地沟油的依据之一。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测尿液样本中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷(EtG)的方法.1 mL尿液样本经100μL 3 mol/L盐酸去蛋白后,通过SPE法提取上清液中的目标物质及内标,提取物经衍生化后,采用GC-MS检测,选择离子模式(SIM)扫描,内标法定量分析.该方法在0.1～3.2 mg/L范围...     

Determination of herbicides by solid phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in drinking waters

A solid phase extraction (SPE) method has been optimized for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) simultaneous determination of herbicides belonging to the following different families: carbamate (molinate), atrazines (atrazine, propazine, simazine, ametryne, cyanazine, terbutylazine, deethylterbutylazine, deethylatrazine), dinitroaniline (trifluralin, pendimethalin), chloroacetamide (alachlor, metolachlor). Different solid substrates have been compared (C18, cyano, styrene-divinylbenzene, phenyl, graphitic carbon). The type of conditioning and elution solvent, its volume, and the sample flow rate have been considered as variables affecting the recovery yields of the herbicides.The optimized experimental conditions are C18 phase conditioned with 3 mL acetone, loaded with 1 L water sample at 5 mL min⁻¹, and eluted with 3 mL acetone. Good recoveries (included between 79% and 99%) and R.S.D. (included between 2% and 12%) have been obtained for all analytes, except for deethylatrazine whose recovery was 46 ± 7%. The recovery of deethylatrazine increases up to 94 ± 17% if a non-porous graphitic carbon is coupled to the C18 phase, keeping the other parameters constant as optimized. The optimized method has been successfully checked for the identification and quantitation of the selected herbicides in raw and drinking water samples, with quantitation limits as low as 0.01 μg L⁻¹, fully in agreement with the current legislation. The method is easily routinable. After development, the method is currently routinely applied for the analysis of herbicides in waters and, up today, more than one thousand samples have been analysed at the “Laboratorio della Società Metropolitana Acque di Torino” (Laboratory of the Municipal Waterworks of Turin) in charge of the control of drinking water quality in Torino.     

Determination of bisphenol A in milk by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A simple and reliable analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in milk. The effects of the experimental parameters of the LC-ESI-MS system (mobile phase and additives, flow rate, temperature of the ionization source, cone voltage and capillary potential) on the obtained signal were assessed and the parameters were optimized to provide maximum sensitivity and detectability. In addition, the performance of three commercial SPE sorbents (C18, PS-DVB and hydroxylated PS-DVB) was evaluated using spiked water and milk, diluted with a mixture of water-methanol (8:1). By using C18 cartridges and BPA-d(16) as internal standard, the mean relative recoveries at three fortification levels ranged between 97 and 104% and the corresponding inter-day precision (RSD%) was below 6% for 50 and 500 ng/g and below 20% for 5 ng/g fortification levels. It is shown that the ion suppression during ESI, the losses from the sample preparation procedure and the inter-day instability of LC-ESI-MS were overcome by the use of the deuterated internal standard. The concentration of BPA found in commercial canned milk samples ranged from <1.7 to 15.2 ng/g.     

Determination of organotin compounds in-water by headspace solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This investigation evaluates headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine trace levels of organotins in water. The organotins were derivatized in situ with sodium tetraethylborate and adsorbed on a poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS)-coated fused silica fiber. The SPME experimental procedures to extract organotins in water were at pH 5, with extraction and derivatization simultaneously at 45 degrees C for 30 min in a 2% sodium tetraethylborate solution and a sample solution volume in the ratio of 1:1, and desorption in the splitless injection port of the GC at 260 degrees C for 2 min. Detection limits are determined to be in the low ng/L range. According to the analysis, the linearity range is from 10 to 10,000 ng/L with R.S.D. values below 12% except triphenyltin (24%). The proposed method was tested by analyzing surface seawater from the harbors on the Taiwanese coast for organotins residues. Some organotins studied were detected in the analyzed samples. Results of this study demonstrate the adequacy of the headspace SPME-GC-MS method for analyzing organotins in sea water samples.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析水中的痕量扑草净

研究了固相微萃取－气相色谱－质谱联用测定水中扑草净的方法，采用聚丙烯酸酯（PA）萃取头，对影响固相微萃取萃取效率的萃取时间、搅拌速度、pH值以及盐度等进行了优化。在优化实验条件下，方法线性范围在0．1mg/mL-1000ng/mL之间，检出限为1．5ng/L。用该法分析了合成井水、自来水和湖水样品，回收率在85．4％－89．1％之间，相对标准偏差在1．8％－5．2％之间。本方法适合于水中痕量扑草净的分析。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定合成气制烯烃产物中的含氧化合物

采用C18固相萃取技术对合成气制烯烃(SGTO)的产物进行预处理,将产物分离为含氧化合物与烃类,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)考察分离效果并鉴定产物中的含氧化合物,使用氢焰离子化检测(FID)定量实际样品中的含氧化合物,使用其正构2-酮、正构醇的响应因子作为同碳数酮、醇的FID响应因子。优化C18小柱洗脱条件,使用标准样品比较预处理前后的方法回收率。醇类标准品回收率为88%~98%,酮类标准品回收率为64%~87%。在197~4785 mg/L范围内,标准品具有较好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。定性并定量测定了SGTO产物中的67种含氧化合物,发现正构醇、正构2-酮为SGTO产物中的主要含氧化合物,同时存在少量其他异构体。该方法操作简单、快速、样品需求量小,并能够在10 min内完成样品的预处理。分析结果为SGTO工艺催化剂、动力学深入研究提供了必要的基础数据。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定蜂蜜中的苯酚残留量

建立了一种顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法(SPME-GC/MS)测定蜂蜜中苯酚的分析方法。对SPME纤维头、萃取温度、萃取时间及解吸时间等萃取条件进行了优化。结果表明:用85μm的聚丙烯酸酯(PA)萃取涂层对蜂蜜中的苯酚萃取效果很好,苯酚在0.5~1000 ng/g的浓度范围内,方法的检出限为0.1ng/g,相对标准偏差(n=9)为3.3%,平均回收率为85.79%~99.35%。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定农产品中吡氟甲禾灵

应用液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术,建立了农产品中吡氟甲禾灵的分析方法.样品经乙腈提取,无水Mg2SO4和NaCl混合盐盐析,N-丙基乙二胺、C18填料分散固相萃取净化;采用乙腈和5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液为流动性,二元梯度洗脱,C18(2.1×150 mm,3.5 μm)色谱柱分离;电喷雾正离子模式采集,多反应监测模式...     

Determination of anethole in serum samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for congener analysis

A rapid headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method has been developed for the determination of anethole in serum samples. Anethole is a characteristic marker for the consumption of aniseed spirits. This method enabled the detection of anethole with a limit of detection (LoD) of 3.6 ng/ml and a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 5.3 ng/ml in serum samples with a good degree of precision intraday (2.8%) and interday (4.5%). Experiments were conducted with one volunteer, in which the subject consumed the alcoholic drink ouzo on 3 different days under controlled conditions. At defined intervals, blood samples were taken from the subject. Using these blood samples, the concentration-time profiles for anethole were determined. In blood samples taken from 50 drivers who claimed to have consumed drinks containing anethole (ouzo, raki and the German aniseed liqueur "Küstennebel") before the taking of the blood sample, anethole was detected in the serum in concentrations of between 5.4 and 17.6 ng/ml in 10 cases. This is the first report describing the qualitative and quantitative determination of a beverage-characteristic aroma compound - in this case anethole - in serum samples after consumption of alcoholic beverages.     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定水产品中的痕量酮麝香

建立了水产品中痕量酮麝香测定的分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)。目标化合物经1%乙酸-乙腈高速匀浆提取,以N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、C₁₈和石墨化碳(GCB)混合物为分散剂对其进行净化,采用GC-MS在选择离子监测模式下测定,外标法定量,并应用正交试验对前处理条件进行优化,以及对酮麝香的裂解机制进行探讨。在优化条件下,方法在1～50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数不低于0.999,检出限(S/N=3)为0.30 μg/kg。对于明虾和罗非鱼空白样品,在1.0、2.0、10.0 μg/kg 3个水平下的加标回收率为91.8%～110.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%～8.4%。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,可用于水产品中痕量酮麝香的日常检验。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定进口海产品中11种合成麝香

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定进口海产品中11种合成麝香（开司米木、萨利麝香、粉檀麝香、葵子麝香、特斯拉、佳乐麝香、二甲苯麝香、吐纳麝香、伞花麝香、西藏麝香和麝香酮）。样品经正己烷提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化,内标法定量。目标物在0.001~0.1 mg/L内呈良好的线性相关,相关系数（r²）均大于0.990,方法检出限（信噪比（S/N）>3）为0.35~2.08μg/kg,定量限（S/N>10）为1.18~5.00μg/kg。分别在空白基质中添加低、中、高3个水平的标准品进行回收试验,平均回收率为83.1%~117%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为5.1%~8.5%。利用该方法对2017年上海口岸进口的30个海产品进行了筛查,发现佳乐麝香在93.3%的被测样品中均有检出,含量最高达3.82μg/kg。葵子麝香和伞花麝香也是检出较多的麝香品种,含量最高分别可达15.4μg/kg和10.5μg/kg。该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,适用于海产品中多种合成麝香残留物的筛查和确证。     

Determination of petroleum contamination in shellfish using solid phase micro-extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) has been applied as a sampling technique for the determination of petroleum contamination in shellfish using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A poly(dimethylsiloxane) fused silica fibre (100 microm thickness) was found to be satisfactory for the extraction of a range of aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) from homogenised shellfish tissues. The SPME conditions, including temperature, salt content, extraction time and desorption temperature, were optimised for a range of aliphatic HCs (C9-C20). A methyl silicone column GC (12 m x 0.20 mm, 0.33 microm layer thickness) was used with a temperature programme from 40 to 260 degrees C and the HCs were determined within a mass range of m/ z=50-550 in electron impact mode. Calibration range was from 10 to 5000 ng/g with linear correlation coefficients ( r(2)) of 0.982 for nonane to 0.997 for octadecane. Detection limits for aliphatic HCs, spiked into shellfish (mussel) tissues, varied from 3.6 ng/g (tetradecane) to 51 ng/g (eicosane) and relative standard deviation (% RSD) values ranged from 1.4% (hexadecane) to 24.3%(eicosane).     

固相萃取高效液相色谱质谱法测定海水中烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱分析海水中辛基酚、壬基酚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法。海水样品经C18固相萃取柱富集净化后,以甲醇-水为流动相,在Hypersil GOLD色谱柱上分离,电喷雾质谱在选择离子监测模式下分析目标化合物,采用外标法定量。结果表明,4种化合物的平均加标回收率为59.6%～104.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=3)为1.0%～13.5%;仪器检出限为0.08～3 μg/L。将本方法用于大连海岸6个采样点海水中辛基酚、壬基酚、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测发现,样品中壬基酚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚均有检出,且油港和海港附近海水中的含量较高。     

Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in serum via headspace derivatization solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This study evaluates solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine trace levels of amphetamine and methamphetamine in serum. Headspace post-derivatization in a laboratory-made design with heptafluorobutyric anhydride vapor following SPME was compared with that without derivatization SPME. The SPME experimental procedures to extract amphetamine and methamphetamine in serum were optimized with a relatively non-polar poly(dimethylsiloxane) coated fiber at pH 9.5, extraction time for 40 min and desorption at 260 degrees C for 2 min. Experimental results indicate that the concentration of the serum matrix diluted to a quarter of original (1:3) ratio by using one volume of buffer solution of boric acid mixed with sodium hydroxide and two volumes of water improves the extraction efficiency. Headspace derivatization following SPME was performed by using 6 microl 20% (v/v) heptafluorobutyric anhydride ethyl acetate solution at an oil bath temperature of 270 degrees C for 10 s. The precision was below 7% for analysis for without derivatization and below 17% for headspace derivatization. Detection limits were obtained at the ng/l level, one order better obtained in headspace derivatization than those achieved without derivatization. The feasibility of applying the methods to determine amphetamine and methamphetamine in real samples was examined by analyzing serum samples from methamphetamine abused suspects. Concentrations of the amphetamine and methamphetamine ranged from 6.0 microg/l (amphetamine) to 77 microg/l (methamphetamine) in serum.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定利多卡因代谢物单乙基甘氨酰二甲苯胺的血药浓度

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)测定利多卡因代谢物单乙基甘氨酰二甲苯胺(MEGX)血药浓度的方法。血清中的MEGX采用固相萃取小柱萃取、GC-MS测定。色谱条件为：HP-5MS毛细管柱(15 m×0.25 mm×0.1 μm),初始柱温100 ℃,保持1 min后以40 ℃/min速率升温至200 ℃,保持0.5 min;进样口温度250 ℃;分流进样,分流比1∶1,进样量2 μL;载气为氦气,流量为1.0 mL/min。质谱条件为:离子源温度230 ℃,电子轰击电离,电子能量70 eV,选择离子检测（m/z 58(MEGX)、 m/z 86(普鲁卡因,内标)）。结果表明,MEGX在血清中的浓度在1.562～25 ng/mL范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数0.9981,最低检测限为0.5 ng/mL,不同浓度MEGX的萃取回收率在80.1%～85.7%之间。实验证明该方法快速、准确,选择性好,灵敏度高,适合用于血清中微量MEGX的测定。     

Determination of volatile compounds in whiting (Merlangius merlangus) using headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A method using headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to extract volatile compounds from whiting is developed. Several parameters such as sorption time, desorption time, fiber type, and matrix form are optimized to achieve better sensitivity in minimal analysis time. The efficiency of the method is determined by the linear range and repeatability; a mean relative standard deviation of approximately 7% is measured. It was possible to identify and quantitate 30 volatile compounds of interest present in spoiled whiting.