稀土开链冠醚配合物的研究(Ⅲ)——镧系元素硝酸盐与四甘酰双对乙氧基苯胺配合物的合成及性质

关于环状聚醚及其稀土配合物的研究,已有许多报道,但有关开链冠醚及其配合物的研究工作较少。由于后者在合成上原料易得、产率高等特点,且易与金属离子配合,具有低毒或无毒等特性,近年来有关开链冠醚及其配合物的研究工作日趋活跃。目前它已用在分离金属离子上,用多酰胺制成的碱金属离子选择性膜电极已用于生产。为了研究开链冠醚与稀土离子的配合作用,本文合成了14种镧系元素硝酸盐与开     

苯并氮杂冠醚-15-冠-5 Schiff碱钴(Ⅱ)配合物在胶束中催化BNPP水解研究

在催化磷酸二酯水解的模拟酶模型中,配合物配体结构扮演了非常重要的角色[1-2]。由于冠醚环具有主客体识别功能,在酶学理论中把它作为模拟酶的第一代生物有机体。镶嵌有过渡金属离子的冠醚配合物对催化磷酸二酯水解具有很好的活性[3];Schiff碱过渡金属离子配合物对催化磷酸二酯水解也具有很好的活性[4]。因此,冠醚Schiff碱过渡金属离子配合物对催化磷酸二酯水解也应具有很好的活性,这已有所报道[5]。但冠醚结构和过渡金属离子相同而取代基不同的配合物作为模拟酶催化磷酸二酯水解还未见报道。本文按文献设计合成了三种冠醚结构相同而取代基…     

冠醚的分子设计(XX)——含硫、硒杂环的苯并-15-冠-5的合成及其对阳离子的选择性

冠醚可以选择性配位金属离子 ,形成主 -客体或超分子配合物 .因此 ,冠醚的分子设计、合成 ,尤其是对金属离子的配位能力一直是化学研究领域的热点之一 [1] .为了得到高选择性的功能体系 ,控制主 -客体的配位作用 ,人们开展了广泛的冠醚合成及其配位作用的研究[2～ 4 ] .然而 ,含杂环的苯并冠醚研究较少[5～ 9] .我们曾报道了一系列冠醚对金属离子的配位能力和配位选择性 ,给出了有意义的结果[10 ,11] .本文报道两种新型苯并 -五元含硫、硒杂环 -苯并 -1 5 -冠 -5 (3 )和 (4 )的合成及其对苦味酸碱金属和重金属的萃取性能和选择性 .1　实验部…     

冠醚载体离子电极的选择特性研究

阴离子选择电极选择性系数随干扰离子r_j/z_j的变化规律已有报道,但冠醚为中性载体的金属离子电极的选择性系数规律未见报道。本文采用不同桥间结构的11种苯并双冠醚作为中性载体,从钾电极出发探讨了不同冠醚电极选择性系数与干扰离子r_j/z_j间的关系;并以4种烃型双冠醚为中性载体,分别考察了它们对Li~+、Rb~+、Cs~+、Ag~+、Ba~(2+)离子的响应规律。 1 实验部分     

酰胺型开链冠醚及其稀土配合物研究——Ⅰ.三甘双酰-N-乙基苯胺及其稀土配合物的合成及性质

关于环状聚醚及其配合物的研究已有许多报道,但有关开链冠醚及其配合物的研究较少。有报道,开链冠醚可用于金属离子的分离和离子选择性电极的制备。我们在合成未见报道的酰胺型开链冠醚三甘双酰-N-乙基苯胺的基础上,制备出它与镧系硝酸盐的配合物,研究了这些配合物的组成和性质。     

羧酸冠醚的合成

羧酸冠醚的合成吴琳，王志林，卞清，张进琪，朱春生（南京大学化学系南京２１００９３）曹建国（盐城师专化学系）关键词冠醚，离子迁移羧酸冠醚环上的羧基，对冠醚环的选择输送金属离子起着协同的作用。近十余年来，将羧酸冠醚选择萃取金属离子的能力应用于金属离子的液...     

肾上腺素在二苯并18冠6修饰玻碳电极上的伏安特性

化学修饰电极自20世纪70年代中期问世以来，很快成为电化学和电分析化学十分活跃的研究领域。1967年Pedersen等报道了冠醚化合物后，冠醚化学及其应用引起了广大化学工作者的重视。冠醚在毛细管电泳和高效液相色谱中的应用已有不少报道，但冠醚在修饰电极方面研究报道并不多，冠醚修饰电极有的是采用组合法将冠醚与电极材料混合制成糊状电极；有的是用电沉积法将冠醚修饰在玻碳电极或铂电极上。     

冠醚化合物的合成——ⅩⅣ.二茂铁硫冠醚的合成及其银离子选择电极的研究

本文合成了两种类型6个二茂铁硫冠醚1—6,其中4—6是一类新型缩醛硫冠醚。将冠醚2—6作为传感活性物质研制成PVC膜银离子选择电报,其中以用冠醚4的电极性能最佳,对一价和二价干扰离子的选择性,远优于文献[1]结果。     

冠醚化合物的合成 XI: 新配体二茂铁硫冠醚的合成及其络合性能的初步研究

用二茂铁甲醛为原料, 在BF3和少量对苯二酚存在下与二巯基化合物反应合成了八个新二茂铁硫冠醚衍生物, 研究了其中二个冠醚的络合性能, 新冠醚对金属离子特别是毒性金属离子有更高的络合选择性.     

离子选择电极电位法测定有色冠醚与钠钾离子配合物的稳定常数

Frensdoff~[1] 曾用离子选择电极电位法测定冠醚与金属离子配合物的稳定常数.该文虽提到采用非线性最小二乘法处理实验结果,但未给出具体计算步骤和计算程序.本文用电位法测定了新合成的四种苯并-15-冠-5含偶氮基的衍生物与钠、钾离子配合物在甲醇中的稳定常数,并用自编的计算程序处理实验结果.     

Molecular dynamics simulation studies of the conformation and lateral mobility of a charged adsorbate biomolecule: implications for estimating the critical value of the radius of a pore in porous media

The conformations, the values of the lateral transport coefficient of a charged biomolecule (desmopressin) in the adsorbed layer and in the liquid layers above the adsorbed layer, the potential energies of the interaction between the biomolecules located in different liquid layers with the charged solid surface and with the biomolecules in the adsorbed layer, the potential energies of the interaction between water molecules in the hydration layers surrounding the conformations of the biomolecules in different layers, as well as the structure and number of hydration layers between the different conformations of desmopressin, were determined by molecular dynamics simulation studies. The results show that the lateral mobility of the adsorbed desmopressin is approximately equal to zero and the value of the lateral transport coefficient of the biomolecule in the liquid layers located above the adsorbed layer increases as the distance of the liquid layer from the charged solid surface increases. But the values of the lateral transport coefficient of the biomolecule in the liquid layers above the adsorbed layer are lower in magnitude than the value of the transport coefficient of desmopressin along the direction normal to the charged solid surface in the liquid phase located above the vacant charged sites of the solid surface, and these differences in the values of the transport coefficients have important implications with respect to the replenishment of the biomolecules in the inner parts of a channel (pore), the overall rate of adsorption, and the form of the constitutive equations that would have to be used in macroscopic models to describe the mechanisms of mass transfer and adsorption in the pores of adsorbent media. Furthermore, a novel method is presented in this work that utilizes the information about the sizes of the conformations of the biomolecule in the adsorbed layer and in the liquid layers above the adsorbed layer along the direction that is normal to the charged solid surface, as well as the number and size of the hydration layers along the same direction, and could be used to estimate the value of the lower bound of the linear characteristic dimension of a pore (i.e., pore radius) in porous adsorbent media (e.g., porous adsorbent particles; skeletons of porous monoliths) in order to realize effective transport and overall adsorption rate.     

Energy contribution of the solvent to the charge migration in DNA

The authors have investigated the interactions of the reaction centers, participating in the charge transfer reaction within the DNA molecule with the phosphate backbones and the solvent molecules, and have estimated the contribution of these interactions into the charge migration in DNA. They have determined the unequal shift of the energy surfaces of the initial and final transition states of the transfer reaction along the energy axis and the dependence of the magnitude of the energy shift on the nature of the reaction centers and the surrounding environment. The nonuniform distribution of the negative charge in the DNA phosphate backbones results in an increase of the positive shift of the energy surface of the DNA base pairs in the center of the structure, where the maximum density of the negative charge is concentrated. Localization of the positive charge on the guanine and the adenine in the DNA base pairs in the oxidized state results in a dependence of the free energy of reaction in the solvent on the pair sequences and their arrangement in the DNA chain. As an example, for the G-C/A-T configuration the positive charges are localized on the same strand that results in a decrease of the free energy of reaction in the solvent for charge migration from G-C to A-T pair by 0.125 eV.     

Effect of structural factors on the disintegration of the molecular ions of nitrophenylisoxazoles during electron impact

The dissociative ionization of some nitrophenylisoxazoles was investigated. The effect of the energy of the ionizing electrons and the temperature of the inlet system on the elimination of NO by the molecular ion is examined. On the basis of a comparison of the intensities of the peaks of the (M-NO)⁺ ions, the presence of a correlation between the probability of detachment of NO from the molecular ion and the stability of the cyclic conjugated structures with localization of the charge on the oxygen atom is demonstrated.     

Cathode of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte: The effect of the flooding of pores by water on the characteristics of the active layer

A computer model of the active layer of the cathode of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell with a solid polymer electrolyte is studied. The active mass of the electrode consists of equidimensional grains of the substrate (agglomerates of carbon particles with platinum particles embedded in them) and a solid polymer electrolyte (Nafion). The flooding by water can be experienced by both the pores in the substrate grains, which facilitate the oxygen penetration into the active layer of the electrode, and the voids between the grains. All possible versions of the flooding of these pores by water are considered. A calculation of the optimum, at a given polarization of the electrode, value of electrochemical activity, the thickness of the active layer, and the weight of platinum is performed. The major parameters of the system are the concentrations of grains of the substrate and solid polymer electrolyte, the size of these grains, the platinum concentration in the substrate grains, the average diameter of pores in the substrate grains, and the polarization of electrodes. The ultimate aim of the work is to estimate how the flooding of pores of the active layer of the cathode by water affects the magnitude of the optimum current, the effective thickness of the active layer, and the weight of platinum.Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 35–47.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Chirkov, Rostokin.     

Complex conductivity of water-saturated packs of glass beads

The low-frequency conductivity response of water-saturated packs of glass beads reflects a combination of two processes. One process corresponds to the polarization of the mineral/water interface coating the surface of the grains. The other process corresponds to the Maxwell-Wagner polarization associated with accumulation of the electrical charges in the pore space of the composite medium. A model of low-frequency conductivity dispersion is proposed. This model is connected to a triple-layer model of electrochemical processes occurring at the surface of silica. This model accounts for the partition of the counterions between the Stern and the diffuse layers. The polarization of the mineral/water interface is modeled by the electrochemical polarization model of Schurr for a spherical grain. We take into account also the DC surface conductivity contribution of protons of the sorbed water and the contribution of the diffuse layer. At the scale of a macroscopic representative elementary volume of the porous material, the electrochemical polarization of a single grain is convoluted with the grain size distribution of the porous material. Finally, the Maxwell-Wagner polarization is modeled using the complex conductivity of a granular porous medium obtained from the differential effective medium theory. The predictions of this model agree well with experimental data of spectral induced polarization. Two peaks are observed at low frequencies in the spectrum of the phase. The first peak corresponds to the distribution of the size of the beads and the second peak is due to the roughness of the grains.     

Water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes of pyridine-containing polyphenylene dendrimers

The sizes of soluble polyelectrolyte complexes formed through mixing of solutions of dimethyl sulfate-alkylated rigid pyridine-containing polyphenylene dendrimers of various generations with the solution of sodium polystyrenesulfonate are measured with the use of dynamic light scattering. Effects of the length of the polyanion chain of the dendrimer, the generation number of the dendrimer, and the charge ratio of polymer components on the sizes of the complexes are examined. The results of this study are in agreement with the theoretical analysis of interaction between the charged dendrimer and the polyelectrolyte of the opposite charge sign and suggest the spontaneous formation of nanosized particles of water-soluble complexes.     

学科能力导向的“物质构成的奥秘”教学研究

以王磊提出的化学学科能力框架为理论依据,对“物质构成的奥秘”主题进行分析,从核心知识经验、认识角度思路、认识对象及问题、能力活动要素等4个维度构建了“物质构成的奥秘”主题的学科能力模型。运用实验法进行教学实践,证实了本研究设计的教学方式更有利于学生学科能力的发展提升。最后提出学科能力导向的“物质构成的奥秘”教学设计模式和教学实施的有效策略:(1)单元整体系统化设计,有层次有梯度的发展学生学科能力;(2)侧重应用实践型任务的解决,外显知识的输出性功能和价值;(3)重视核心知识和认识角度的建立过程;(4)追问、外显学生的认识角度和认识思路。     

Mass spectra of 1- and 2a-substituted 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetrathiaadamantanes

A comparative analysis was made of the mass spectra of monosubstituted 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetrathiaadamantanes (TMITA). It is shown that the pathways of monomolecular fragmentation depend on the character of the substituent and the isomeric form of the TMTTA. The principal lines in the mass spectra of the investigated compounds indicate the occurrence of competitive processes of fragmentation of the molecular ions (M⁺) with detachment of the substituent from the M⁺ ion or with cleavage of the cellular structure. The first process makes it possible to form a judgement regarding the mechanism of the fragmentation of the molecular ion and the site of primary localization of the charge on the fragment ions as a function of the donor—acceptor properties of the substituents, and the second process enables one to form a judgement regarding the character of the fragmentation of the cellular structures of the various isomeric forms.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 748–752, June, 1978.     

Effect of SDBS solution on the surface potential properties of the Zhaozhuang coal

It is of great significance to study the effect of surfactants on the coal surface potential for effective dust suppression in mining faces. The effect of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) solution on the surface potential of the Zhaozhuang coal was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results show that the SDBS solution has significant influence on the surface potential of the Zhaozhuang coal. The electrical characteristics of the coal surface at the nanometer scale are different from those of macroscopic or the mesoscopic level. The surface potential of coal is basically a normal distribution, showing certain electrical characteristics. The mean value of the surface potential of the Zhaozhuang coal is increased with the increase in concentration of the SDBS solution; when the concentration of the SDBS solution is 0.3%, the mean value of surface potential is 5.59 mv, which is about two times of the mean value of the surface potential without SDBS solution added. With the increase of the concentration of the SDBS solution, the maximum value of the surface potential of the Zhaozhuang coal increases, and the minimum value decreases. It shows that the SDBS solution has a significant effect on the potential distribution law and the magnitude of the coal surface. Subsequently, on the basis of the constructed Zhaozhuang coal macromolecule model, xtb and Multiwfn simulation software were used to calculate the molecular surface electrostatic potential value and electron density value of the Zhaozhuang coal molecules after adding water molecules. The variation law for the electrostatic potential surface of the molecule was obtained after adding numbers of water molecules to the surface of the coal molecule. The simulation results show that the area proportion of absolute molecular surface electrostatic potential greater than 10 kcal/mol is increased with the growth in the number of water molecules, while the area proportion of absolute molecular surface electrostatic potential less than 10 kcal/mol is decreased. Because of the free state O─H bond polarity of water molecules, the charges on the molecular surface are rearranged in order to change the electron density on the surface of coal molecules, which affects the overall electrostatic potential of the configuration.