温度对不同电解质的大面积DSCs电池性能的影响

从实验和理论上探讨了温度对染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池性能的影响.初步研究了其性能随温度的变化规律.在解决液体电解质染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的基础上,利用乙醇作为冷冻液,通过控制冷冻液的温度来恒温电池的温度,模拟制作了实用化电池,其尺寸(15cm×20cm)基本接近实用化.     

钠离子电池用碳负极材料研究进展

相较于目前主流的锂离子电池,钠离子电池成本相对较低,因而有望在未来大规模储能系统中获得重要应用,然而其实用化进程仍受制于缺少合适的正负极材料,特别是性能优异且实用化的负极材料.钠离子电池与锂离子电池具有相似的工作原理,但钠离子和锂离子在碳负极材料中的储存行为却有着很大的不同.总体而言,碳材料仍是目前最有望促进钠离子电池实用化的关键负极材料.本文系统总结并分析了目前已有碳材料中钠离子的储存机制,对负极材料的设计思路和研究进展进行了概述,着重阐述了商用化碳分子筛在钠离子电池中的实用化前景.最后,本文对钠离子电池中碳负极材料的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

介绍一个实用的化学软件——Chem Window

简要介绍实用化学专业绘图软件ＣｈｅｍＷｉｎｄｏｗ的特点与功能，及作者在使用该软件过程中的一些经验和技巧。     

磁制冷材料实用化研究进展

作为新一代的制冷技术,磁制冷技术已经进入到实用化研究阶段.主要评述了最有希望实用化的La-Fe-Si系磁制冷材料的研究进展,总结了材料的成相机制,以及热处理时间、温度、不同元素等因素对成相规律的影响,介绍了最新的制备加工工艺和氢化工艺,并讨论了 La-Fe-Si材料在磁制冷机中的应用进展,展望了磁制冷材料的发展趋势.     

电化学方法用于氯代芳烃污染物去除的研究

本文介绍了电化学方法用于氯代芳烃污染物去除的原理、反应历程及影响因素,分析了进一步实用化应考虑的主要问题,展望了该方向今后的发展趋势。     

从锂离子电池的发展看2019年诺贝尔化学奖

回顾了锂离子电池的基础研究节点和基于这些成果的实用化研究,旨在理解为什么是3位科学家（John B.Goodenough,M.Stanley Whittingham,Akira Yoshino）分享2019年诺贝尔化学奖。     

以螺硅双芴为共轭桥的有机双光子蓝色荧光材料的研究

有机双光子吸收材料在高速光通讯、光信息处理和光电子学等这些领域中的应用前景得到越来越广泛的重视.为了达到实用化的目标,材料的高非线性光学活性、热稳定性及透明性等性能还必须进一步综合优化[1].     

微生物燃料电池

结合最近几年来微生物燃料电池研究进展情况,对微生物燃料电池的电子转移机理,影响电子转移的主要因素和解决方法,以及微生物燃料电池实用化过程中所面临的问题和应用前景进行了综述。     

可见光化的半导体光催化剂

光解水制氢能否实用化取决于太阳光的有效利用率, 研究开发可见光化的光催化剂成为当前光催化剂研究中的重要课题.本文介绍了利用 光解水制氢的反应机理,综述了近年来半导体光催化剂在利用可见光方面的研究进展,重点描述了这些光催化剂的结构,并对该领域今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于三维亲锂材料的高稳定金属锂负极的构筑

金属锂具有超高理论比容量密度(3680 mA·h·g^?1)和低还原电位(?3.04 V vs.SHE),被认为是高能量密度电池负极材料的“圣杯”.然而,由于锂枝晶不可控生长和对电解质高反应性导致的库仑效率低、循环寿命短及内短路等问题严重制约着金属锂负极的实用化进展.在实际的电化学体系中,集流体作为金属锂沉积/脱出的基底,其表面性质对锂负极的循环稳定性起着至关重要的作用.本文从负极、集流体表面成分以及微结构设计两方面系统总结了构建三维亲锂骨架材料的改性策略.利用金属、金属氧化物、杂原子掺杂、聚合物材料及有机框架材料等高亲锂材料对集流体和负极的界面及结构进行针对性调控修饰,可以有效调控金属锂的电沉积,推进金属锂负极在高能量密度电池体系中的实用化进程.     

Nonlinear optical properties of some side chain copolymers based on benzoxazole containing chromophores

Acrylate‐methylmethacrylate copolymers have been synthesized for nonlinear optical applications. Acrylate monomer units are characterized by the presence in the side chain of phenylbenzoxazole groups containing electron donor‐electron acceptor substituents. The phase behavior of all polymers has been investigated by DSC, X‐ray diffraction and polarizing microscopy: two of them exhibit liquid crystalline behavior of smectic type. For four polymers, nonlinear optical properties have been examined by second harmonic generation measurements on thin films (∼ 1 μm thickness) electrically poled by corona discharge. Second order susceptibility coefficients d₃₃ and average relaxation times 〈τ〉, relative to the time stability of the chromophore poling, have been measured. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 603–608, 1999     

两种高Tg非线性光学聚合物母体及掺杂,极化的研究

利用具有非线性光学活性的对硝基苯胺掺杂高玻璃化转变温度的聚芳醚砜(PES-C)和聚芳醚酮(PEK-C),得到了两种掺杂含量较高的掺杂型非线性光学聚合物体系。电晕极化表明较高的取向和较慢的松驰。     

Poled amorphous polymers for second-order nonlinear optics

Recent advances in poled amorphous polymers for second-order nonlinear optics are discussed with emphasis on stabilizing the frozen-in nonlinearity via chemical crosslinking under electric fields. Specific examples of a linear polymer and a crosslinked polymer, both with nitroaniline-type chromophores covalently attached as side groups, are presented and compared in their glass transition behavior, linear optical properties, poling dynamics, and stability of frozen-in nonlinearity. It is demonstrated that by employing chemical crosslinking under electric fields one can prepare highly efficient and stable poled polymers that exhibit no decay in nonlinearity at ambient conditions and no apparent tendency of decay even at 85°C as well as excellent optical properties. The historical development of organic materials for second-order nonlinear optics and recent advances in device fabrication based on poled polymers are also discussed briefly.     

STUDY ON THE POLING PROPERTIES OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL ACTIVE DERIVATIVE OF POLY (p-HYDROXYSTYRENE):(PS)O-DCV

In this paper, the poling properties of (PS)O-DCV, a derivative of poly (p-hydroxystyrene ), was reported. The investigations showed that the thermochromism correction, which was neglected in the literatures, should be considered in the measurements of order parameter of poled films with electrochromism technique Here, another linear optical method, IR and polarized IR spectra for characterizing of poled films was suggested first time. The bulk second nonlinear optical coefficient d_(33) of poled films could be estimated by measured order parameter semi-qualitatively.     

二阶非线性光学聚合物材料的最新研究进展

随着激光技术与光纤通信技术的蓬勃发展 ,迫切要求提高非线性光学极化聚合物的性能 ,以满足器件化的要求 ,这就需要从分子设计和极化方法等方面进行研究和优化。本文以聚合物主链结构为线索 ,以非线性光学性能为依据 ,介绍了二阶非线性光学聚合物的最新研究进展 ,并展望了该类聚合物在光通信领域的应用前景     

In situ poling and orientation stability of chromophore-bearing ladderlike polysiloxanes

A new, specially designed nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer is composed of ladderlike polysilsesquioxane as a backbone and “side-on or end-on” fixed stilbene chromophores. In-situ poling was carried out simultaneously during film formation via solvent evaporation and crosslinking which was caused by sequential hydrolysis and condensation of remained Si-H groups on macromolecules. The dipolar orientation after poling is described by an order parameter Φ which was measured using an original linear optical technique–UV dichroism. Orientation order and its decay are influenced by chromophore loading, crosslinking degree and poling condition. Compared with corresponding single chain polymers, a poled thin film of ladderlike NLO polymers demonstrates more stable poling-induced orientation.     

二阶非线性光学聚合物材料

非线性光学材料是一类具有很高实用价值的功能材料。综述了聚合物二阶非线性光学材料的研究、极化聚合物在实用化研究方面取得的新进展,介绍了提高极化聚合物生色团高温取向稳定性、设计合成光损失较小的生色团以及优化聚合物主体的新方法。     

New polyurethanes and polyesters for second‐order nonlinear optical applications

New polymers for second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications were synthesized and characterized. They were distinguished by the presence of chromophore groups, with various molecular hyperpolarizability values, used as pendants on substantially rigid backbones. The polymers were prepared through the reaction of tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate, or a suitable alkyloxyphthaloyl dichloride, with the N,N‐diethanol‐4‐(phenyl) group azo‐linked to a nitrofluorenone, nitrostilbene, nitrooxadiazole, or nitrothiadiazole moiety. The polymers exhibited good thermal stability, high glass‐transition temperatures, and an absence of crystallinity. The second‐order NLO properties of thin, transparent poled films, prepared by spin coating and thermal corona poling, were investigated for some of the polymers. The second harmonic coefficients, ranging between 18 and 25 pm/V, depended more on the alignment of the chromophore groups along the direction of the poling field than on their molecular hyperpolarizability. The temporal stability of the NLO properties of the polymers was also investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3013–3022, 2004     

Time-dependent nonlinear optical properties of pyroelectric liquid crystalline polymers

Highly oriented pyroelectric liquid-crystalline polymers were prepared by photopolymerization under the influence of a static electric field from binary mixtures of two acrylate monomers exhibiting chiral smectic C mesomorphism. Both monomers contained nitro groups to yield second order nonlinear optical properties (second harmonic generation) and one of the monomers had two functional groups to yield a crosslinked polymer. The room temperature second order nonlinear susceptibility of the polymers showed during the first two hours a 10 % decrease after which it remained constant during the next 48 days. At elevated temperatures there was a significant difference in the nonlinear optical properties over time between crosslinked and uncrosslinked polymers. The uncrosslinked polymer showed a pronounced loss of second order nonlinear optical activity with time at ≥38°C. The crosslinked polymer showed a much smaller and basically a temperature independent decrease rate in the second order nonlinear optical properties at all the ageing temperatures (23-130°C). Both the loss in mesogen order parameter, very evident for the uncrosslinked polymer, and conformational changes occurring within the mesogens (β mechanism), may account for the observations made.     

New PVK‐based nonlinear optical polymers: Enhanced nonlinearity and improved transparency

A series of poly(vinylcarbazole)‐based polymers containing sulfonyl‐based nonlinear optical chromophores as the side chains were prepared conveniently through a postfunctionalization approach. In the polymers, the subtle structure of the chromophore moieties could be easily modified by the introduction of different isolation group, to adjust the property of the resultant polymers. The polymers exhibited good optical transparency, besides their good processability and thermal stability. The poled polymer films exhibited large second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients of d₃₃ values (up to 28.6 pm/V) with excellent thermal stability (about 90% of the maximal SHG coefficients remain at ～ 110 °C). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2983–2993, 2008