Gaussian mean curvature flow

In the Euclidean Space \mathbb Rⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb {R}^{n+1}} with a density e^{e\frac12 n m2 |x|2}, (e = ±1){e^{\varepsilon \frac12 n \mu^2 |x|^2},} {(\varepsilon =\pm1}), we consider the flow of a hypersurface driven by its mean curvature associated to this density. We give a detailed account of the evolution of a convex hypersurface under this flow. In particular, when e = -1{ \varepsilon=-1} (Gaussian density), the hypersurface can expand to infinity or contract to a convex hypersurface (not necessarily a sphere) depending on the relation between the bound of its principal curvatures and μ.     

A Blow-up Criterion of Strong Solutions to the Compressible Viscous Heat-Conductive Flows with Zero Heat Conductivity

We study the compressible Navier-Stokes equations of viscous heat-conductive fluids in a periodic domain \mathbbT³\mathbb{T}^{3} with zero heat conductivity k=0. We prove a blow-up criterion for the local strong solutions in terms of the temperature and positive density, similar to the Beale-Kato-Majda criterion for ideal incompressible flows.     

On a Question of Gowers

We show that any subset of density \frac100log_*^1/4 n \frac{100}{log_*^{1/4} n} of an n by n square in \mathbbZ² \mathbb{Z}^2 contains an isoceles right-angle triangle with a fixed orientation whose sides are parallel to the axes, for all sufficiently large n.     

Quantum Dynamics of a Resonator Coupled to a SET

We study the quantum dynamics of a resonator driven by a superconducting single-electron transistor. We prove the existence of the Minimal Quantum Dynamical Semigroup T ^(min){\mathcal {T}^{\,({\rm min})}} solving the evolution equation for the density matrix, then we prove that T ^(min){\mathcal {T}^{\,({\rm min})}} is Markov. Moreover we prove the existence and uniqueness of a faithful normal stationary state and show that the dynamics converges towards this stationary state when time goes to infinity.     

On the maximal ergodic theorem for certain subsets of the integers

It is shown that the set of squares {n ²|n=1, 2,…} or, more generally, sets {n ^t|n=1, 2,…},t a positive integer, satisfies the pointwise ergodic theorem forL ²-functions. This gives an affirmative answer to a problem considered by A. Bellow [Be] and H. Furstenberg [Fu]. The previous result extends to polynomial sets {p(n)|n=1, 2,…} and systems of commuting transformations. We also state density conditions for random sets of integers in order to be “good sequences” forL ^p-functions,p>1.     

Radon Transform on the Torus

We consider the Radon transform on the (flat) torus \mathbbTⁿ = \mathbbRⁿ/\mathbbZⁿ{\mathbb{T}^{n} = \mathbb{R}^{n}/\mathbb{Z}^n} defined by integrating a function over all closed geodesics. We prove an inversion formula for this transform and we give a characterization of the image of the space of smooth functions on \mathbbTⁿ{\mathbb{T}^{n}} .     

Quantum Diffusion and Delocalization for Band Matrices with General Distribution

We consider Hermitian and symmetric random band matrices H in d \geqslant 1{d \geqslant 1} dimensions. The matrix elements H _xy , indexed by x,y ? L ì \mathbbZ^d{x,y \in \Lambda \subset \mathbb{Z}^d}, are independent and their variances satisfy s_xy²:=\mathbbE |H_xy|² = W^-d f((x - y)/W){\sigma_{xy}^2:=\mathbb{E} |{H_{xy}}|^2 = W^{-d} f((x - y)/W)} for some probability density f. We assume that the law of each matrix element H _xy is symmetric and exhibits subexponential decay. We prove that the time evolution of a quantum particle subject to the Hamiltonian H is diffusive on time scales t << W^d/3{t\ll W^{d/3}} . We also show that the localization length of the eigenvectors of H is larger than a factor W^d/6{W^{d/6}} times the band width W. All results are uniform in the size |Λ| of the matrix. This extends our recent result (Erdős and Knowles in Commun. Math. Phys., 2011) to general band matrices. As another consequence of our proof we show that, for a larger class of random matrices satisfying ?_xs_xy²=1{\sum_x\sigma_{xy}^2=1} for all y, the largest eigenvalue of H is bounded with high probability by 2 + M^{-2/3 + e}{2 + M^{-2/3 + \varepsilon}} for any ${\varepsilon > 0}${\varepsilon > 0}, where M : = 1 / (max_x,ys_xy²){M := 1 / (\max_{x,y}\sigma_{xy}^2)} .     

A Monte Carlo Estimation of the Entropy for Markov Chains

We introduce an estimate of the entropy of the marginal density p ^t of a (eventually inhomogeneous) Markov chain at time t≥1. This estimate is based on a double Monte Carlo integration over simulated i.i.d. copies of the Markov chain, whose transition density kernel is supposed to be known. The technique is extended to compute the external entropy , where the p ₁ ^t s are the successive marginal densities of another Markov process at time t. We prove, under mild conditions, weak consistency and asymptotic normality of both estimators. The strong consistency is also obtained under stronger assumptions. These estimators can be used to study by simulation the convergence of p ^t to its stationary distribution. Potential applications for this work are presented: (1) a diagnostic by simulation of the stability property of a Markovian dynamical system with respect to various initial conditions; (2) a study of the rate in the Central Limit Theorem for i.i.d. random variables. Simulated examples are provided as illustration.      

Congruence-simple subsemirings of ℚ+

Commutative congruence-simple semirings have already been characterized with the exception of the subsemirings of ℝ⁺. Even the class CongSimp(\mathbb Q⁺)\mathit{\mathcal{C}ong\mathcal{S}imp}(\mathbb {Q}^{+}) of all congruence-simple subsemirings of ℚ⁺ has not been classified yet. We introduce a new large class of the congruence-simple saturated subsemirings of ℚ⁺. We classify all the maximal elements of CongSimp(\mathbbQ⁺)\mathit{\mathcal{C}ong\mathcal {S}imp}(\mathbb{Q}^{+}) and show that every element of CongSimp(\mathbbQ⁺)\{\mathbbQ⁺}\mathit{\mathcal{C}ong\mathcal{S}imp}(\mathbb{Q}^{+})\setminus\{\mathbb{Q}^{+}\} is contained in at least one of them.     

The Boundedness of Monge-Ampère Singular Integral Operators

We first define molecules for Hardy spaces H¹_F(\mathbbRⁿ)H^{1}_{\mathcal{F}}(\mathbb{R}^{n}) associated with a family F\mathcal{F} of sections which is closely related to the Monge-Ampère equation and prove their molecular characters. As an application, we show that Monge-Ampère singular operators are bounded on H¹_F(\mathbbRⁿ)H^{1}_{\mathcal{F}}(\mathbb{R}^{n}).     

Interpolating Thin-Shell and Sharp Large-Deviation Estimates for Lsotropic Log-Concave Measures

Given an isotropic random vector X with log-concave density in Euclidean space \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}^n} , we study the concentration properties of |X| on all scales, both above and below its expectation. We show in particular that

Biharmonic submanifolds of {\mathbb{C}P^n}

We give some general results on proper-biharmonic submanifolds of a complex space form and, in particular, of the complex projective space. These results are mainly concerned with submanifolds with constant mean curvature or parallel mean curvature vector field. We find the relation between the bitension field of the inclusion of a submanifold [`(M)]{\bar{M}} in \mathbbCPⁿ{\mathbb{C}P^n} and the bitension field of the inclusion of the corresponding Hopf-tube in \mathbbS²ⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb{S}^{2n+1}}. Using this relation we produce new families of proper-biharmonic submanifolds of \mathbbCPⁿ{\mathbb{C}P^n}. We study the geometry of biharmonic curves of \mathbbCPⁿ{\mathbb{C}P^n} and we characterize the proper-biharmonic curves in terms of their curvatures and complex torsions.     

Compact Surfaces with Constant Gaussian Curvature in Product Spaces

We prove that the only compact surfaces of positive constant Gaussian curvature in \mathbbH²×\mathbbR{\mathbb{H}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}} (resp. positive constant Gaussian curvature greater than 1 in \mathbbS²×\mathbbR{\mathbb{S}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}}) whose boundary Γ is contained in a slice of the ambient space and such that the surface intersects this slice at a constant angle along Γ, are the pieces of a rotational complete surface. We also obtain some area estimates for surfaces of positive constant Gaussian curvature in \mathbbH²×\mathbbR{\mathbb{H}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}} and positive constant Gaussian curvature greater than 1 in \mathbbS²×\mathbbR{\mathbb{S}^{2}\times\mathbb{R}} whose boundary is contained in a slice of the ambient space. These estimates are optimal in the sense that if the bounds are attained, the surface is again a piece of a rotational complete surface.     

On Convergence and Convolutions of Random Signed Measures

Let μ _n be a sequence of random finite signed measures on the locally compact group G equal to either or ℝ ^d . We give weak conditions on the sequence μ _n and on functions K such that the convolution product μ _n *K, and its derivatives, converge in law, in probability, or almost surely in the Banach spaces or L ^p (G). Examples for sequences μ _n covered are the empirical process (possibly arising from dependent data) and also random signed measures where is some (nonparametric) estimator for the measure ℙ, including the usual kernel and wavelet based density estimators with MISE-optimal bandwidths. As a statistical application, we apply the results to study convolutions of density estimators.      

<Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript>-harmonic forms and stable hypersurfaces in space forms

We prove that a complete noncompact orientable stable minimal hypersurface in \mathbbSⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb{S}^{n+1}} (n ≤ 4) admits no nontrivial L ²-harmonic forms. We also obtain that a complete noncompact strongly stable hypersurface with constant mean curvature in \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} or \mathbbSⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb{S}^{n+1}} (n ≤ 4) admits no nontrivial L ²-harmonic forms. These results are generalized versions of Tanno’s result on stable minimal hypersurfaces in \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}.     

Exotic smooth structures on small 4-manifolds with odd signatures

Let M be (2n-1)\mathbbCP²#2n[`(\mathbbCP)]<sup>2</sup>(2n-1)\mathbb{CP}^{2}\#2n\overline{\mathbb{CP}}{}^{2} for any integer n≥1. We construct an irreducible symplectic 4-manifold homeomorphic to M and also an infinite family of pairwise non-diffeomorphic irreducible non-symplectic 4-manifolds homeomorphic to M. We also construct such exotic smooth structures when M is \mathbbCP<sup>2</sup>#4[`(\mathbbCP)]²\mathbb{CP}{}^{2}\#4\overline {\mathbb{CP}}{}^{2} or 3\mathbbCP²#k[`(\mathbbCP)]²3\mathbb{CP}{}^{2}\#k\overline{\mathbb{CP}}{}^{2} for k=6,8,10.     

Sums and differences of four kth powers

We prove an upper bound for the number of representations of a positive integer N as the sum of four kth powers of integers of size at most B, using a new version of the determinant method developed by Heath-Brown, along with recent results by Salberger on the density of integral points on affine surfaces. More generally we consider representations by any integral diagonal form. The upper bound has the form O_N(B^c/?k){O_{N}(B^{c/\sqrt{k}})}, whereas earlier versions of the determinant method would produce an exponent for B of order k ^−1/3 (uniformly in N) in this case. Furthermore, we prove that the number of representations of a positive integer N as a sum of four kth powers of non-negative integers is at most O_e(N^1/k+2/k3/2+e){O_{\varepsilon}(N^{1/k+2/k^{3/2}+\varepsilon})} for k ≥ 3, improving upon bounds by Wisdom.     

Diffusion approximation for the components in critical inhomogeneous random graphs of rank 1.

Consider the random graph on n vertices 1,…,n. Each vertex i is assigned a type x_i with x₁,…,x_n being independent identically distributed as a nonnegative random variable X. We assume that EX³< ∞. Given types of all vertices, an edge exists between vertices i and j independent of anything else and with probability \begin{align*}\min \{1, \frac{x_ix_j}{n}\left(1+\frac{a}{n^{1/3}} \right) \}\end{align*}. We study the critical phase, which is known to take place when EX² = 1. We prove that normalized by n^‐2/3the asymptotic joint distributions of component sizes of the graph equals the joint distribution of the excursions of a reflecting Brownian motion with diffusion coefficient \begin{align*}\sqrt{{\textbf{ E}}X{\textbf{ E}}X^3}\end{align*}and drift \begin{align*}a-\frac{{\textbf{ E}}X^3}{{\textbf{ E}}X}s\end{align*}. In particular, we conclude that the size of the largest connected component is of order n^2/3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 43, 486–539, 2013     

The supersingular locus of the Shimura variety of GU(1,<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>−1) II

We complete the study of the supersingular locus M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}} in the fiber at p of a Shimura variety attached to a unitary similitude group GU(1,n−1) over ℚ in the case that p is inert. This was started by the first author in Can. J. Math. 62, 668–720 (2010) where complete results were obtained for n=2,3. The supersingular locus M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}} is uniformized by a formal scheme N\mathcal{N} which is a moduli space of so-called unitary p-divisible groups. It depends on the choice of a unitary isocrystal N. We define a stratification of N\mathcal{N} indexed by vertices of the Bruhat-Tits building attached to the reductive group of automorphisms of N. We show that the combinatorial behavior of this stratification is given by the simplicial structure of the building. The closures of the strata (and in particular the irreducible components of N_red\mathcal{N}_{\mathrm{red}}) are identified with (generalized) Deligne-Lusztig varieties. We show that the Bruhat-Tits stratification is a refinement of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification and also relate the Ekedahl-Oort strata to Deligne-Lusztig varieties. We deduce that M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}} is locally a complete intersection, that its irreducible components and each Ekedahl-Oort stratum in every irreducible component is isomorphic to a Deligne-Lusztig variety, and give formulas for the number of irreducible components of every Ekedahl-Oort stratum of M^ss\mathcal{M}^{\mathrm{ss}}.