Fabrication of high-efficiency diffraction gratings in glass

We investigated a microfabrication process for optical gratings with periods of micrometer order that use ultrafast laser pulses in semiconductor-doped glass. ZnS- or PbS-doped SiO2-A12O3-B2O3-CaO-ZnO-Na2O-K2O glass was prepared by a melting method. Glass transmission diffraction gratings with a high refractive-index difference were fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses. The first-order diffraction efficiencies of these gratings were approximately 80%, and the first-order diffraction angles of these gratings were 8 degrees at telecommunication wavelengths.     

Enhanced photosensitivity in germanosilicate fibers exposed to CO2 laser radiation

We report a novel method to increase the UV photosensitivity of GeO(2): SiO(2) optical fibers based on exposure to CO(2) laser irradiation before grating writing. Fibers treated with a CO(2) laser can produce gratings with refractive-index modulation two times greater and a Bragg wavelength that can be 2 nm longer than those of untreated fibers. Experiments on GeO(2): SiO(2) preform samples treated with a CO(2) laser in a way similar to the fibers showed a marked increase of the 242-nm absorption band, which is associated with an increase of germanium oxygen-deficient centers and is believed to be responsible for the higher photorefractive response.     

Temperature sensitivity of Ge-B-SiO(2) waveguide Bragg gratings on a crystallized glass substrate

Waveguide Bragg gratings were fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition followed by irradiation with KrF excimer laser light through a phase mask. The period of the Bragg grating was 0.53 mum, and the Bragg wavelength was ~1.53 mum . The temperature dependence of the Bragg wavelength was 11 pm/ degrees C for a 10GeO(2) -90SiO(2)(mol.%) core waveguide on a Si substrate, and the Bragg wavelength shift was successfully reduced to 5.0pm/ degrees C by use of a 14GeO(2)-12B(2)O(3)-74SiO(2) (mol.%) core and a crystallized glass substrate with a thermal-expansion coefficient of -2.0x10(-6)(/ degrees C) .     

Recording of second-harmonic index gratings in photorefractive (K(0.5) Na(0.5))(0.2) (Sr(0.75) Ba(0.25))(0.9) Nb(2)O(6) crystals

We propose and demonstrate a novel method for recording second-harmonic volume index gratings in photorefractive crystals. The fundamental component of the index grating is eliminated by means of a pi -phase shifted double-exposure process that uses the Mach-Zehnder interferometric technique. Experimental results for (K(0.5) Na(0.5)) (0.2)(Sr> (0.75)Ba (0.25))(0.9)Nb (2)O(6) crystals are presented and discussed.     

Eu2+在新型基质Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2中的光致发光

用CaCO3(A.R.),SiO2(4N),Mg(NO3)2·6H2O(A.R.),CaCl2(A.R.)和Eu2O3(4N)为原料,经高温固相反应,得到了新荧光体Ca8-xMg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eux2+.对该荧光体的晶体结构和荧光光谱进行分析发现:该荧光体可能为单中心发光,Eu2+主要占据对称性为C2的CaⅡ格位.     

助熔剂对绿色荧光粉Ba2 SiO4∶Eu2+ 颗粒形貌及发光性能的影响

采用高温固相法在弱还原气氛下合成了Ba₂SiO₄∶Eu²⁺绿色荧光粉,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计考察了不同助熔剂对Ba₂SiO₄∶Eu²⁺荧光粉的结晶度、物相纯度、颗粒形貌和发光强度的影响,并详细讨论了不同助熔剂在荧光粉制备过程中的作用机理。结果表明:不加助熔剂时样品存在BaSi₂和SiO₂杂相;利用NH₄F、Na₂CO₃或H₃BO₃作为助熔剂时会抑制BaSi₂杂相的形成,而BaF₂作助熔剂可以得到纯的斜方晶系。与未加助熔剂合成的荧光粉相比,添加质量分数为2% 的BaF₂、NH₄F或Na₂CO₃后合成样品的发光强度分别提高了138%,81%和34%;而质量分数为2%的H₃BO₃作助熔剂时,荧光粉的发光强度反而降低了14%。BaF₂作助熔剂合成的荧光粉颗粒形貌接近球形,以NH₄F、Na₂CO₃或H₃BO₃作助熔剂合成的荧光粉颗粒形貌分别为不规则片状、纺锤体形和不规则多边形大颗粒。     

BaMg2Si2O7:Eu3+和BaMg2Si2O7:Tb3+发光材料的合成及发光特性的研究

本文报道了首次合成的稀土离子激活的BaMg2Si2O7:Eu3+和BaMg2Si2O7:Tb3+光致发光材料,通过正交设计实验,确定了基质的最佳配比、烧结温度,探讨了影响材料发射强度的一些因素,测定了两种材料的发射光谱和激发光谱,对其发光性能也进行了分析和研究。     

共溅射和离子注入制备的SiO_2(Eu)薄膜中Eu~(3 )到Eu~(2 )的转变

采用共溅射方法和Eu离子注入热生长的SiO2 方法得到SiO2 (Eu)薄膜 ,Eu离子的浓度为 4%和 0 .5 % .对样品X射线吸收近边结构 (XANES)的研究和分析表明 ,在高温氮气中发生了Eu3 向Eu2 的转变 .SiO2 (Eu)薄膜高温氮气退火下蓝光的发射证明了这一结论     

Na-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂的拉曼光谱研究

对含有不同 Na、W、Mn组分的 Na- W- Mn/ Si O2 系列催化剂进行了付里叶变换激光拉曼光谱测定和研究 ,并参考先前的与之相关催化剂的拉曼光谱 ,对它们的特征拉曼吸收谱带进行了归属。结果表明 :960 ,92 8,81 0 ,789cm-1等吸收峰是 Na- W- Mn/ Si O2 催化剂中 Na-O- W物种的特征吸收谱带 ;62 7,577,51 7,478cm-1等吸收峰是 Na- O- Mn物种的特征吸收谱带 ;Na- O- W分布在距催化剂表面较深的体相中 ;Na- O- Mn主要分布在催化剂的表面     

Characterisation of sol-gel prepared (HfO2)x(SiO2)1-x (x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.4) by 1H, 13C, 17 O and 29Si MAS NMR, FTIR and TGA

The HfO2-SiO2 system is attracting interest as a possible new dielectric material in semiconductor devices. Knowledge of the location of hafnium within the silica network and the effect hafnium has on the structure will be central to the successful use of this material system in this application. Here, sol-gel techniques have been used to manufacture (HfO2)x(SiO2)1-x samples (x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.4, each heat treated at 250, 500 and 750 degrees C) and these have been characterised by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR (1H, 13C, 17 O, 29Si), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis. 29Si MAS NMR showed that increasing the hafnia content decreases the connectivity of the silicate network, i.e. increases the range of differently connected SiO4 (Qn) units with more having increased numbers of non-bridging oxygens (i.e. lower n). FTIR and 17 O MAS NMR showed unequivocally that the x=0.4 sample phase-separated at higher temperatures, while in the x=0.1 sample the hafnium was homogeneously mixed into the SiO2 phase without any phase separation.     

Graded-index characteristics in single-crystal fibers

Single-crystal fibers of Ti(3+):Al(2)O (3)have been grown by the laser-heated pedestal growth technique and shown to exhibit radial refractive-index gradients. A refractive-index increase of approximately 12% in the fiber core with respect to the fiber sidewalls has been measured. The index profile can be fitted with a parabolic model. Postgrowth treatment of Cr(3+):Gd(3)Sc (2)Al (3)O(12)fibers has been shown to produce a uniform cladding region with a graded-index core. The core index is some 12.5% larger than the cladding region, with an index profile shape that is approximately parabolic in nature.     

以Eu-苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉为掺杂剂的SiO2,SiO2-B2O3和SiO2-B2O3-Na2O体系材料的结构及Eu3+的发光性质

用溶胶-凝胶法制备以Eu-苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉为掺杂剂的SiO2,SiO2-B2O3和SiO2-B2O3-Na2O为基质的发光材料.材料经1000℃退火处理后,结构十分稳定.通过激发光谱和发射光谱、红外光谱、TEM、XRD研究了基质结构对Eu3 发光性能的影响.结果显示:在589和614 nm处显示Eu3 的特征发射带,对应于Eu3 的5D0→7Fj(j=1,2)跃迁;与直接掺入EuCl3的玻璃材料相比,以Eu-苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉为掺杂剂的玻璃材料,虽然Eu的掺杂量较小,但Eu的发光强度较大.与以SiO2为基质的玻璃材料相比,以SiO2-B2O3为基质的玻璃材料Eu3 的发光减弱,其红外光谱显示形成Si-O-B键,说明该结构对Eu3 的发光有猝灭作用,以SiO2-B2O3-Na2O为基质的玻璃材料Eu3 的发光明显增强,其红外光谱显示不存在SiOB键的振动吸收,可能是Na取代B的位置,形成Si-O-Na键,此结构对Eu3 的发光有一定的增强作用.     

Site occupancy and magnetic properties of pyrochlore-structured AgOs(2)O(6)

AgOs(2)O(6) prepared from ion-exchanged superconducting β-pyrochlore KOs(2)O(6) has been shown to be non-superconducting. Synchrotron x-ray structure refinement suggests that AgOs(2)O(6) has the Ag ion mostly occupying the low-symmetry 32e site in the [Formula: see text] space group of proper occupancy, which is different from the original major occupancy at the high-symmetry 8b site for KOs(2)O(6), and similar to non-superconducting Na(1.4)Os(2)O(6)?H(2)O. Magnetic susceptibility measurements found no magnetic ordering down to ～1.7?K. The trace amount of isolated spins suggests that the Ag could be neutral and lead to a pure Os(6+) valence state of zero spin in the newly prepared AgOs(2)O(6).     

Very low-refractive-index optical thin films consisting of an array of SiO2 nanorods

The refractive-index contrast in dielectric multilayer structures, optical resonators, and photonic crystals is an important figure of merit that creates a strong demand for high-quality thin films with a low refractive index. A SiO2 nanorod layer with low refractive index of n = 1.08, to our knowledge the lowest ever reported in thin-film materials, is grown by oblique-angle electron-beam deposition of SiO2. A single-pair distributed Bragg reflector employing a SiO2 nanorod layer is demonstrated to have enhanced reflectivity, showing the great potential of low-refractive-index films for applications in photonic structures and devices.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

Low energy electron diffraction from Na(110) and Na2O(111) surfaces

Surfaces ofNa(110) are grown, investigated and oxidised to give Na₂O(111) surfaces. LEED spectra are taken for these surfaces and compared with theory to determine the surface composition of sodium oxide: the surface terminates the crystal in an integral number of electrically neutral NaONa sandwiches, with a bulk-like inter layer spacing. The effective Debye temperature for the Na(110) surface was found to be 107 K.     

Permanent narrow-band reflection holograms for infrared light recorded in LiNbO3:Ti:Cu channel waveguides

Permanent refractive-index gratings are generated by thermal fixing of holograms in photorefractive lithium niobate channel waveguides. The guides are fabricated by successive indiffusion of titanium stripes and thin layers of copper. After high-temperature recording with green light, refractive-index modulations exceeding Δn=8×10^-5 for light of the telecommunication wavelength 1550 nm appear without the need of any development process of the written holograms. The gratings are stable in the dark and no compensation mechanism via dark conductivity is observed. Thus this method may be well suited for long-time applications in holography and integrated optics. Received: 2 October 2000 / Revised version: 25 January 2001 / Published online: 22 March 2001     

Tb3+离子在碱土金属正硅酸盐中的发光

Tb3+离子激活的Me2SiO4(Me=Ca、Sr、Ba)发光材料是用分析纯试剂合成并加以提纯的BaCO3、SrCO3、CaCO3、H2SiO3、Li2CO3和Tb2(C2O4)3为原料,通过固态反应的合成方法而制成的。由X-光衔射谱,确定了样品的结构。通过荧光测量,探讨了Tb3+离子在碱土金属正硅酸盐中的发光行为。     

Optic sensors of high refractive-index responsivity and low thermal cross sensitivity that use fiber Bragg gratings of >80 degrees tilted structures

For the first time to the authors' knowledge, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with >80 degrees tilted structures have been fabricated and characterized. Their performance in sensing temperature, strain, and the surrounding medium's refractive index was investigated. In comparison with normal FBGs and long-period gratings (LPGs), >80 degrees tilted FBGs exhibit significantly higher refractive-index responsivity and lower thermal cross sensitivity. When the grating sensor was used to detect changes in refractive index, a responsivity as high as 340 nm/refractive-index unit near an index of 1.33 was demonstrated, which is three times higher than that of conventional LPGs.