用干涉方法测量薄膜应力

基于基片弯曲法和牛顿环的基本原理,使用He-Ne激光器、扩束镜、凸透镜和带分光镜的移测显微镜,搭建了薄膜应力测量装置.采用直流溅射法制备了厚度为30~144 nm的银薄膜,衬底采用厚度为0.15 mm、直径为18 mm的圆形玻璃片.实验发现,薄膜厚度对银薄膜的内应力有显著的影响,在薄膜厚度很小时,随着薄膜厚度的增加,应力迅速增大,达到最大值后,随着厚度的继续增加,薄膜应力下降较快并趋于稳定值.     

全息光栅掩模应力控制研究

通过干涉法并应用Stoney公式计算的结果，对SiO2基底上光刻胶薄膜的应力进行了研究。采用干涉显微镜在同一样品、不同直径上多点测量的方法，初步得出光刻胶薄膜膜厚均匀性的分布规律。发现在匀胶转速相同的前提下，光刻胶薄膜应力值随加速度的降低而减小，光刻胶薄膜的均匀性随加速度的增加而变好。在4000rpm的低转速时，光刻胶薄膜样品的膜厚均匀性好。因此，在全息光栅匀胶工艺中，要选择适当的转速的加速度，以得到应力较小和均匀性较好的光刻胶薄膜。     

双透镜牛顿环干涉法测曲率半径

对经典光学实验仪器牛顿环进行改进,由光的干涉理论推导了曲率半径计算公式,测出第一干涉暗环半径不同时平凸透镜曲率半径和不确定度.数值拟合表明该法结果可靠,并有较多优点.     

基于光干涉法的光学玻璃应力测量方法研究

以平板理论为基础,利用牛顿环应力变形导致干涉图样的微小变化,提出一种基于光干涉法测量玻璃体应力的无损测量方法。理论推导出牛顿环曲率半径与应力之间的变换关系,利用自行设计的可安装在牛顿环仪上的施压装置,实验研究了施加应力与干涉图样的变换关系,通过理论分析与实验比较,证明了用牛顿环干涉法测量应力的可行性。利用该装置及方法对光学玻璃试样的应力进行测量,测量结果与实际施加的应力进行比较,误差最小为0.8%。     

运用多媒体技术进行牛顿环的测量

随着多媒体技术的发展,以及多媒体的应用和普及,可以在计算机上展示视频影像、二维和三维动画等.如果能将多媒体技术与物理实验结合起来,会带来意想不到的直观和方便.     

一种牛顿环干涉实验数据处理新方法

基于牛顿环干涉实验中,相邻两个干涉圆环所在位置处,在竖直方向上的空气层厚度差为二分之一波长,将移动读数显微镜测得的干涉圆环直径数据作为横坐标,由干涉圆环级次差确定的空气层厚度差作为纵坐标,进而对牛顿环仪中平凸透镜球面所在的大圆方程进行拟合通过拟合,得到的大圆方程获取平凸透镜球面的曲率半径值.实验验证表明,新的实验数据处...     

超声波轴向应力仪的研制

本文叙述了用超声方法测量材料轴向应力的计算公式,介绍了超声波轴向应力仪的工作原理,并利用该仪器对M36×260高强度螺栓进行了轴向应力的测量。实验结果表明:该仪器的声时测量精度为10~(-10s),轴向应力的测量精度优于0.4kgf/mm~2(约3.9N/mm~2)。     

基于Mathematica的牛顿环干涉图样可视化交互研究

基于Mathematica软件仿真模拟了入射光波长、透镜曲率半径及透镜与平面玻璃板间距等参数不同情况下的牛顿环干涉图样。利用动态交互功能,探究了牛顿环干涉现象及其变化规律,并研究了动态干涉图样在未安装Mathematica情况下的运行方法。其研究结果更加便于干涉图样的展现与实际教学的可视化,加深对牛顿环干涉的理解。     

牛顿环中心暗斑对测量结果影响的研究

研究了牛顿环暗斑直径对曲率半径的影响.由实验测量数据进行分析,得出调节暗斑直径在适当的数据可减小实验误差.     

牛顿环中心圆斑大小对测量结果影响的研究

本实验研究了牛顿环仪三个螺钉压力大小对平凸透镜曲率半径测量结果的影响。实验数据结果表明:实验中把牛顿环的螺丝调整到合适的程度即合适的牛顿环中心圆斑大小会对测量结果有直接的影响。     

X射线透射法测量膜厚

薄膜厚度不仅与薄膜的电导率有关,而且与薄膜的光学性能甚至表面结构密切相关. 薄膜厚度的测量精确有助于研究薄膜的物理性能. 本文利用X射线在材料中传播的特征设计了大学物理实验室测量薄膜厚度的方法.     

干涉法测量Cymbal换能器的等效压电常量

在光学平板上用分立光学元件构建了迈克耳孙型分光束干涉仪,利用优化工艺制备的Cymbal换能器件作为核心单元,利用其在电场下的位移放大作用驱动平面反射镜,引起干涉图样的变化,实现了微位移及Cymbal换能器件等效压电常量的测定,并进行了非定域干涉图样变化的动态演示.     

用激光干涉法测量电致伸缩系数

简述了利用迈克耳孙干涉仪测量电致伸缩系数的原理,介绍了测量电致伸缩系数的方法,给出了同心圆干涉条纹的圈数与所加电压的关系以及利用线性回归法求准线性区域的电致伸缩系数的测量结果.     

激光等密度等倾干涉条纹法测定透明介质的厚度和折射率

提出用迈克尔孙干涉仪等密度等倾干涉条纹法测定透明介质（玻璃、薄膜等）的厚度和折射率的方法。实验证明,这种方法是正确、有效和间便的。     

Measuring deformations of the heated liquid film by the fluorescence method

The fluorescence method was used to measure the instantaneous thickness field of the falling nonisothermal water film. The process of rivulet formation in a heated film was registered. Measurement averaging allowed determination of the degree of transverse deformation of a film. In the lower half of the heater within the interrivulet zone of the non-isothermal film, the wave amplitude decreases with a rise of the heat flux and reduction of the average thickness. Two zones of the heat flux effect on liquid film deformation were distinguished. At low heat fluxes, the film flow is weakly deformed. At high heat fluxes the thermal-capillary forces provide formation of rivulets and a thin film between them. The work was financially supported by the President of RF (NSh-6749.2006.8), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants Nos. 05-08-33325-a, 06-01-00360-a), National Center on Science and Innovations (State contract No. 02.438.11.7002), and SB RAS (Interdisciplinary Integration Project No. 111).     

半导体激光自混频干涉法测振动速度

应用半导体激光自混频干涉方法可研究物体的振动速度．本文阐述了测速的基本原理，给出了信号分析的理论依据和计算方法。     

Bolt axial stress measurement based on a mode-converted ultrasound method using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer

A method is proposed to measure the stress on a tightened bolt using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT). A shear wave is generated by the EMAT, and a longitudinal wave is obtained from the reflection of the shear wave due to the mode conversion. The ray paths of the longitudinal and the shear wave are analyzed, and the relationship between the bolt axial stress and the ratio of time of flight between two mode waves is then formulated. Based on the above outcomes, an EMAT is developed to measure the bolt axial stress without loosening the bolt, which is required in the conventional EMAT test method. The experimental results from the measurement of the bolt tension show that the shear and the mode-converted longitudinal waves can be received successfully, and the ratio of the times of flight of the shear and the mode-converted longitudinal waves is linearly proportional to the bolt axial tension. The non-contact characteristic of EMAT eliminates the effect of the couplant and also makes the measurement more convenient than the measurement performed using the piezoelectric transducer. This method provides a promising way to measure the stress on tightened bolts.     

集成扭秤放大法测量薄膜的表面张力系数

根据能量守恒定律将薄膜表面张力系数的测量转化为几何量的测量.利用扭秤装置和光路放大测量微小长度,实现了对薄膜表面张力系数的间接测量.     

Fourier expansions for the interference film

If the calculation of the squares of the moduli of complex amplitudes is suitably performed in the theory of multiple-beam interference, infinite trigonometric series are obtained, which may be regarded as Fourier expansions of the energy formulae for reflectivity and transmissivity. From this one can directly derive a number of general properties of the interference film of a dielectric, even when metallic coatings are provided at the boundaries.Delivered in the optical section of the 1st Congress of Czechoslovak Physicists, Prague, September 1957.