Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Moisture on Methane Adsorption and Desorption by Activated Carbon at 273.5 K

Adsorption and desorption of methane by activated carbon (AC) at constant temperature and at various pressures were investigated. The effect of moisture was also studied. A volumetric method was used, up to 40 bar, at a temperature of 273.5 K. Results of a dry AC sample were compared with those obtained from a moist sample and two different ACs with different physical and surface properties were used. As expected, the results showed that the existence of moisture, trapped in the AC pores, could lead to a decrease in the amount of methane adsorbed and a decrease in the amount of methane delivered during desorption. To model the experimental results, a large variety of adsorption isotherms were used. The regressed parameters for the adsorption isotherms were obtained using the experimental data generated in the present study. The accuracy of the results obtained from the different adsorption isotherms was favorably compared.     

Thermal hazard evaluation procedure for detoxifying system of hazardous gases by using of reaction calorimeter

The thermal behaviors of hazardous gas adsorbents were observed using a C80 calorimeter in order to develop a comprehensive thermal hazard evaluation procedure for a hazardous gas detoxifying system. Newly modified cells for the C80 were used to simultaneously monitor the pressure and the heat flow. The cells were also available for adsorbed gas switching. Adsorption/desorption experiments showed various thermal behaviors of the different gas-adsorbent combinations. The accidental incorporation of air into the cartridges proved to be a potential risk for heat generation. In addition, two kinds of experimental results in different states, static pressure and gas-circulation, were compared. As a result, the experimental apparatus used in this study exhibited the capability of evaluating the thermal hazards under the situation of accidental contamination by either air or other undesirable gases as well as normal adsorption.     

Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(II) adsorption onto H3PO4-activated rubber wood sawdust

Adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto H(3)PO(4)-activated carbon using rubber wood sawdust (RSAC) was investigated in a batch system. Kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out by considering the effects of various parameters, such as initial concentration, contact time, pH, and temperature. The optimal pH value for Cu(II) adsorption onto RSAC was found to be 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (DeltaG(0)), standard enthalpy (DeltaH(0)), and standard entropy (DeltaS(0)) were evaluated by applying the Van't Hoff equation. The thermodynamics of Cu(II) adsorption onto RSAC indicates its spontaneous and exothermic nature. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures. The Langmuir isotherm fits the experimental data significantly better than the other isotherms. Adsorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. The initial sorption rate, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion rate constants for different initial concentrations were evaluated and discussed. Adsorption mechanism studies revealed that the process was complex and followed both surface adsorption and particle diffusion. The rate-controlling parameter and effective diffusion coefficient were determined using the Reichenberg plot. It was found that the adsorption occurs through film diffusion at low concentrations and at higher concentration the particle diffusion becomes the rate-determining step.     

Lead adsorption onto "red soils" as function of environmental conditions

The adsorption characteristics of the "Red Soil" with respect to lead were studied as function of different experimental conditions. Lead adsorption was investigated as function of the complexing capacity of the liquid phase (background electrolyte NaClO4, NaCl, CH3COONa e EDTA), pH (experimental range 4-7) and ionic strength (experimental range 0.001-0.35 M), by determining the adsorption isotherms at the different conditions. Experimental results allowed to identify the presence of different sorption sites, acting on lead removal through different mechanisms (ion exchange and surface complexation). These sorption sites are differently affected by changing the experimental conditions. Adsorption representation in terms of free metal was not able to describe the experimental behaviour, especially when different charged species can be formed and might be sorbed at the surface with different affinities. Particular attention was given to the optimisation of the experimental system based on the flow-through reactor set-up, in order to carry out adsorption tests more representative of the field situation.     

Porogen effect on characteristics of banana pith carbon and the sorption of dichlorophenols

Banana pith was used as precursor material to prepare carbon with and without porogens. Characterization of the carbons showed higher BET surface area (1285 m2/g) for ZnCl2-treated carbon, comparatively. Adsorption experiments were conducted to study the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) from aqueous solutions using the carbons under varying experimental conditions. Decrease in pH increased the percentage removal. All the carbons studied showed greater percentage of DCP removal with decrease in the initial concentration of DCP. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of DCP on the carbons was a rapid process. Nonlinear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to fit the experimental data. Among these the pseudo-first-order model described the data with high correlation coefficients and low percentage error values. Four nonlinear isotherm models including the Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Sips were used to analyze the experimental DCP isotherms under different pH (2-4) conditions. Adsorption capacities (Qmax) from the Langmuir model were found to be 129.4, 67.7, and 49.9 mg/g for ZnCl2-treated, KOH-treated, and porogen-free carbon, respectively, at pH 2. From desorption studies it seemed that chemisorption played a major role in the adsorption process. The results indicated that ZnCl2-treated carbon could effectively remove phenols from wastewater.     

Uranium recovery from UCF liquid waste by nanoporous MCM-41: breakthrough capacity and elution behavior studies

Adsorption and recovery of uranium by nanoporous MCM-41 from aqueous solutions (synthetic solution and uranium conversion facility liquid waste) were investigated by use of a fixed-bed column (1.2 cm diameter and 3.0 cm height). Adsorption was carried out at flow rates 0.2 and 0.5 mL min^?1, which correspond to retention times of 10 and 6 min. The maximum breakthrough capacity for uranium ions was achieved by use of nanoporous MCM-41 at the optimum pH of 3.6 and flow rate 0.2 mL min^?1 (61.95 μg g^?1). The Thomas and Yan models were applied to the experimental data, by use of linear regression, to determine the characteristics of the column for process design. The breakthrough curves calculated from the models were in good agreement with the experimental data. The elution behavior of uranium on nanoporous MCM-41 was studied with different eluents; the results showed that 0.1 M HCl is good eluent for uranium recovery. The regenerated column could be used in a multitude of adsorption–desorption cycles.     

Adsorption equilibria in 1,5-diphenyl-3-selenapentane-1,5-dione-solvent-sorbent systems

Adsorption of DAFS-25 (1,5-diphenyl-3-selenapentane-1,5-dione) from dilute solutions in various solvents on various adsorbents was studied by UV spectrophotometry. The experimental data were interpreted thermodynamically by the method of excess Gibbs quantities.     

杂多酸在膨润土上的固载化：Ⅰ.表面酸性和吸附机理的研究

本文研究了四种具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的杂多酸在膨润土及其酸处理样品上的吸附，利用Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂法和丁胺滴定法测定了膨润土吸附ＰＷ１２和ＳｉＷ１２前后表面酸强度和酸度的变化。实验表明：四种杂多酸在不同载体上的吸附，对溶剂是有选择性，在一些有机溶剂中，ＰＷ１２和ＳｉＷ１２的吸附等温线都呈Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ型，而ＰＭｏ１２和ＳｉＭｏ１２的吸附等温线随溶剂的不同呈现不同的形式。膨润土吸附杂多酸后酸强度不     

纳米Fe3O4@壳聚糖材料的制备及吸附性能的研究

以废弃的虾壳为原料制备壳聚糖,以壳聚糖为壳、磁性Fe_3O_4为核、液体石蜡为分散剂、T-80为乳化剂、戊二醛为交联剂制备了纳米Fe_3O_4@壳聚糖材料。利用扫描电镜、热重分析仪、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪对其进行了表征。结果显示,纳米Fe_3O_4@壳聚糖材料为表面光滑的球形结构,直径约75.82nm,壳聚糖和Fe_3O_4的质量比为2∶1。吸附动力学实验研究表明,纳米Fe_3O_4@壳聚糖材料对Cu~(2+)吸附符合准二级动力学,以化学吸附为主,平衡吸附容量为17.32mg/g。吸附等温线实验研究表明,吸附符合Freundlic模型,纳米Fe_3O_4@壳聚糖材料与Cu~(2+)之间的交互作用强烈,最大吸附容量为213.68mg/g。     

Separation characteristics of some phenoxy herbicides from aqueous solution

The adsorption and desorption characteristics of some phenoxy herbicides (CPA 2,4-D, and MCPA) from an aqueous solution on the active carbon materials (GAC, F-400) were studied. Adsorption equilibrium capacities of the phenoxy herbicides increased with a decrease in pH of the solution. Adsorption equilibrium isotherms were represented by the Sips equation. Kinetic parameters were measured in a batch adsorber to analyze the adsorption rates of the phenoxy herbicides. The internal diffusion coefficients were determined by comparing the experimental concentration curves with those predicted from the surface diffusion model and the pore diffusion model. The adsorption model based on the linear driving force approximation (LDFA) was used to simulate the adsorption behavior of the phenoxy herbicides in a fixed bed adsorber. Over 95 percent desorption of the phenoxy herbicides was obtained using distilled water.     

ZnO Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Application in Alkali-Activated Materials

This paper reports an Alkali-Activated Materials (AAM) using two different precursors, metakaolin and a metallurgical slag with photocatalytic zinc oxide nanoparticles, as novel photocatalytic composites. The photodegradation performance of the composites using methylene blue (MB) dye as a wastewater model was investigated by ultraviolet radiations (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Adsorption in dark conditions and photodegradation under UV irradiation are the mechanisms for removing MB dye. The pseudo-first-order kinetic and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were employed, and the experimental data agreed with the pseudo-second-order model in both cases with UV and without UV irradiations. As new photocatalytic materials, these composites offer an alternative for environmental applications.     

Adsorption and surface complexation of trimesic acid at the alpha-alumina-electrolyte interface

Adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms and surface complexation of trimesic acid onto alpha-alumina surfaces were investigated. Adsorption kinetics of trimesic acid with an initial concentration of 0.5 mM onto alpha-alumina surfaces were carried out in batch method in presence of 0.05 mM NaCl (aq) at pH 6 and 298.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K. Adsorption isotherms were carried out at 298.15 K, pH 5-9, and 0.05 mM NaCl (aq) by varying trimesic acid concentration from 0.01 to 0.6 mM. Three kinetics equations such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Ho equations were used to estimate the kinetics parameters of the adsorption of trimesic acid on the alpha-alumina surfaces. Ho equation fits the experimental kinetics data significantly better and the estimated equilibrium concentration is in excellent agreement with the experimental value. The adsorption data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption model and the later best fits the adsorption isotherms. Comparison of adsorption density of trimesic acid with that of benzoic and phthalic acids follows the sequence: benzoic acid < trimesic acid < phthalic acid. The negative activation energy and the Gibbs free energy for adsorption indicate that the adsorption of trimesic acid onto alpha-alumina is spontaneous and facile. DRIFT spectroscopic studies reveal that trimesate forms outer-sphere complexes with the surface hydroxyl groups that are generated onto alpha-alumina surfaces in the pH range of the study.     

Polyethylenimine-Containing Cotton Fabrics

Abstract

Polyethylenimine-containing cotton fabrics were prepared by reaction of 1-epoxyethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexane with cotton fabric impregnated with polyethylenimine of a moderately high molecular weight. Fabrics with a high unremovable polyethylenimine content and with a different degree of cross-linking were obtained. Adsorption of several heavy metal salts such as mercuric chloride and cupric sulfate by the fabrics was investigated. Adsorption was controlled by polyethylenimine content of the fabric, extent of cross-linking, and the pH of the solution.     

四环素在CuY分子筛上的吸附行为研究

采用离子交换法制备了不同交换量的CuY分子筛吸附剂。分别使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,并研究了其对四环素的吸附性能。XRD结果表明,交换上的Cu2+不影响Y分子筛的晶型和骨架结构。四环素在CuY分子筛上吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型。吸附实验结果表明:四环素在CuY分子筛的吸附明显强于Y分子筛,并且其吸附量随着Cu2+交换量增加以及温度的升高而增大;溶液的pH值对CuY分子筛吸附四环素的影响较大,其吸附大小顺序为中性>碱性>酸性。     

Binary adsorption of globular proteins on ion-exchange media

Adsorption equilibrium of binary pairs of lysozyme (LYS), cytochrome c (CYC) and ribonuclease A (RNase) has been measured on different cation-exchange media at various solution conditions. Adsorption patterns largely follow the intrinsic protein–surface interactions, but can differ significantly for different pairs or even for one pair at different solution conditions. LYS/CYC adsorption shows similar behavior on all the adsorbents examined, with competitive adsorption dominated by LYS and the presence of LYS reducing the adsorption of CYC significantly. Simultaneous and sequential measurements for LYS/CYC show that the order of adsorption does not have a significant effect on the adsorption equilibrium. For LYS/RNase, LYS is consistently more strongly adsorbed. For CYC/RNase, both proteins can display significant adsorption, depending on the pH and salt concentration. A model based on colloidal energetics is developed to calculate the binary adsorption isotherms using parameter values obtained from single-component isotherms. The calculated adsorption is in good agreement with experimental results, with significantly better representation than for other commonly used binary isotherms.     

The removal and kinetic study of Mn,Fe, Ni and Cu ions from wastewater onto activated carbon from coconut shells

Activated carbon from coconut shells (ACCS) was synthesised and used for the removal of metal ions (manganese, iron, nickel and copper) from aqueous solutions. Two different adsorption models were used for analysing the data. Adsorption capacities were determined: copper ions exhibited the greatest adsorption on activated carbon obtained from coconut shells because of their size and pH conditions. Adsorption capacity varied as a function of the pH. Adsorption isotherms from aqueous solutions of heavy metals on ACCS were determined and were found to be consistent with Langmuir’s adsorption model. Adsorbent quantity and immersion enthalpy were studied. The results were compared with other adsorbents used in a prior study.     

Highly efficient elimination of thorium(IV) from aqueous solution using poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-melamine) microspheres

Highly crosslinked organic–inorganic hybrid polymer poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-melamine) microspheres (PZM) were synthesized by a simple method. The microspheres was characterized by FTIR, SEM and EDX. It was applied to eliminate thorium(IV) from aqueous solution under various conditions, i.e., pH, initial concentration, dosage and contact time. The experimental data were well-imitated via the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and its adsorption processes comply with the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process, in essence, was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the maximum experimental adsorption capacity was 98.6 mg g^?1 for initial thorium(IV) concentration 50 mg L^?1. When pH?=?0.0, the thorium(IV) removal efficiency reached at 76.9%, which indicates that the adsorbent can also was used in a peracid environment. Adsorption behavior of thorium(IV) onto the microspheres were weakly affected via temperature, implying that adsorption would be done at room temperature.

     

Adsorption of tetramethylthiourea at the mercury/water interface

The adsorption of tetramethylthiourea was studied by means of differential capacity measurements. Various parameters have been obtained by back-integration. The extent of orientation of the organic molecule has been estimated from the experimental adsorption potential shift by subtracting the contribution due to adsorbed water molecules calculated according to the Bockris-Habib model. Adsorption of tetramethylthiourea has been found to obey a Frumkin isotherm with the interaction parameter depending on the electric field. A scenario is proposed where different possible orientations are suggested, depending on charge sign and coverage. Such a change in orientation has been interpreted in terms of the electronic polarization effect.     

Neural Network Modeling of Adsorption of Binary Vapour Mixtures

Three neural network models were used for prediction of adsorption equilibria of binary vapour mixtures on an activated carbon. The predictions were compared both with published experimental data and calculated values from the Ideal Adsorption Solution (IAS) model. The neural network was trained using both binary and single component experimental adsorption data. Even for a limited number of data points (about 60) the network models were capable of approximating experimental data very precisely.     

Adsorption of organics on activated carbon cloth at zero surface coverage

Summary Adsorption properties of activated carbon cloth were investigated by gas-solid chromatography. Retention of several organic compounds was measured in the temperature range from 200 to 250°C. The gas/solid distribution coefficients and the related thermodynamic function of adsorption at zero surface coverage were determined. The obtained experimental data were used to explain the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction.