Analytical Solutions for Reactive Transport of Multiple Volatile Contaminants in the Vadose Zone

Groundwater contamination usually originates from surface contamination. Contaminants then move downward through the vadose zone and finally reach the groundwater table. To date, however, analytical solutions of multi-species reactive transport are limited to transport only in the saturated zone. The motivation of this work is to utilize analytical solutions, which were previously derived for single-phase transport, to describe the reactive transport of multiple volatile contaminants in the unsaturated zone. A mathematical model is derived for describing transport with phase partitioning of sequentially reactive species in the vadose zone with constant flow velocity. Linear reaction kinetics and linear equilibrium partitioning between vapor, liquid, and solid phases are assumed in this model.     

An Analytical Solution to the One-Dimensional Solute Advection-Dispersion Equation in Multi-Layer Porous Media

An analytical solution to the one-dimensional solute advection-dispersion equation in multi-layer porous media is derived using a generalized integral transform method. The solution was derived under conditions of steady-state flow and arbitrary initial and inlet boundary conditions. The results obtained by this solution agree well with the results obtained by numerically inverting Laplace transform-generated solutions previously published in the literature. The analytical solution presented in this paper provides more flexibility with regard to the inlet conditions. The numerical evaluation of eigenvalues and matrix exponentials required in this solution technique can be accurately and efficiently computed using the sign-count method and eigenvalue evaluation methods commonly available. The illustrative calculations presented herein have shown how an analytical solution can provide insight into contaminant distribution and breakthrough in transport through well defined layered column systems. We also note that the method described here is readily adaptable to two and three-dimensional transport problems.     

An Approximate Analytical Solution for Counter-Current Spontaneous Imbibition

An approximate analytical solution is provided for one-dimensional, counter- current, spontaneous imbibition of a wetting phase (water) into a semi-infinite porous medium. The solution is based on the assumption that a similarity solution exists for the displacement process. This assumption, in turn, rests on the assumption that the set of relative permeability and capillary pressures curves are unique functions of saturation and do not depend on the nature of the displacement. It further rests on the assumption that the saturation at the imbibition face does not vary with time. It is demonstrated that the solution is in agreement with results obtained from experiments and also numerical analyses of these experiments. The experiments utilize cylindrical samples with the radial surface and one end-face sealed, and with counter-current imbibition occurring at the open end-face. The stage of the experiment that is modeled by the present solution is the period before the imbibition front contacts the sealed end-face. An important finding of the present analysis is that the pressure upstream of the advancing invasion front is a constant. A second, improved solution is also presented; this solution is an iterative, series solution of an integral-differential equation. It converges to a stable solution in very few terms.     

An Analytical Solution for Contaminant Transport in nonuniform Flow

We obtain an analytical solution for two-dimensional steady state mass transport in a trapezoidal embankment in a spatially varying velocity field through its replacement with a hydrologically equivalent rectangular embankment. Application of the Dupuit approximation and conform transformation allow for computation of the concentration field in the resulting rectangle in the complex potential plane. The latter allows deriving expression for the mass flow rate of contaminants, which is analogous to the Dupuit--Forchheimer discharge formula for volumetric water flow rate. Numerical simulation of advection- dispersion in the actual domain compares favorably with these analytical results, and provides limits of the ratio between transverse and longitudinal dispersivities within which the Dupuit approximation is applicable to mass transport problems.     

An Analytical Solution for an Exponential-Type Dispersion Process

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Analytical Solution for the Effect of Viscous Dissipation on Mixed Convection in Saturated Porous Media

A new analytical solution is introduced for the effect of viscous dissipation on mixed convection flow and heat transfer about an isothermal vertical wall embedded in Darcy and non-Darcy porous media with uniform free stream velocity. The effect of viscous dissipation on mixed convection in both regimes has been analyzed for both the aiding and opposing flows using Gebhart number, Ge _x =gx/c _p. The governing parameters are Re, Ra, Pe and Ge _x . The case of Re=0 corresponds to Darcy mixed convection region and Re/Pe is identified as the mixed convection governing parameter, Ra=0 leading to pure forced convection. A good agreement was found between the numerical and analytical solutions. It was found from the Nusselt number results that viscous dissipation lowers the heat transfer rate in both Darcy and Forchheimer flow regimes for aiding as well as opposing flows.     

On Analytical Solutions of Advective Transport by Infiltration–Redistribution Gravitational Flow

Contaminant transport in the upper layers of soil during the multiple cycles of short infiltration and prolonged redistribution is investigated. Analytical solutions for the two typical problems encountered in agricultural engineering are derived. The first problem considers the penetration of fertilizer initially applied at the soil surface. The second one is the propagation of contaminant injected with the applied water. Explicit analytical expressions for the solute concentration are obtained under assumptions of one-dimensional gravitational flow and advective solute transport under equilibrium conditions. The properties of the solute penetration are analyzed for the case of contaminant initially applied at the soil surface and picked up by the water flow during ten infiltration–redistribution cycles. P. Indelman - (deceased)     

硅基薄膜电极充放电过程应力演化解析解研究

为了研究硅电极在充放电过程中的应力演化,在忽略弹性变形的情况下提出了一个考虑粘塑性的简化力学模型,分别导出了出现相分离和不出现相分离时薄膜电极内应力场的解析解,该模型的计算结果与现有的实验结果相吻合.计算结果表明,当存在相分离时,电极中的应力取决于薄膜电极的厚度和充电速率的乘积;在未出现相分离现象时,应力仅取决于充电速率.这个解析形式的力学模型对于锂离子电池电极材料的设计有着重要的指导意义.     

受横向轨迹动载作用下固支圆板动力响应的解析解

给出了横向轨迹动载作用下周边固支的各向同性圆薄板动力响应的解析解.基于圆板的特征模态,采用一类贝赛尔函数组合的正交函数,推导获得了无量纲形式的结构位移响应的级数解.结构响应计算归结为确定与频率相关的特征系数.同时,给出了算例分析,具体针对板面上载荷沿着某一直线运动的情况,对解的收敛性进行了检验,并阐述了圆板位移响应规律.     

各种边界条件平行四边形功能梯度板的动力特性解析解

本文基于斜坐标系,建立起平行四边形功能梯度板的基本微分方程及变分方程,用梁函数组合法对平行四边形及菱形功能梯度板进行动力特性分析,提出了适用于每边任取简支、固定、自由边界之一(包括36种边界)平行四边形功能梯度板固有频率与振型的解析解;在简化情况下,给出了各种边界条件平行四边形功能梯度板各阶固有频率解的统一表达式。     

Analytical solutions of steady vibration of free rectangular plate on semi-infinite elastic foundation

The method of double Fourier transform was employed in the analysis of the semi-infinite elastic foundation with vertical load.And an integral representations for the displacements of the semi-infinite elastic foundation was presented.The analytical solution of steady vibration of an elastic rectangle plate with four free edges on the semi-infinite elastic foundation was also given by combining the analytical solution of the elastic rectangle plate with the integral representation for displacements of the semi- infinite elastic foundation.Some computational results and the analysis on the influence of parameters were presented.     

考虑界面滑移效应的组合裂纹梁弯曲解析解

将上部子梁的裂纹等效为线性扭转弹簧,考虑组合梁连接面的滑移位移,建立了以组合裂纹梁挠度和滑移位移为基本未知量的组合裂纹梁弯曲变形一维数学模型．利用Laplace变换及其逆变换,给出了组合裂纹梁弯曲变形一维数学模型的解析通解．在此基础上,研究了均布载荷作用下简支组合裂纹梁的弯曲变形问题,数值分析了连接面剪切刚度、裂纹深度、数目和位置等参数对组合裂纹梁弯曲变形的影响,结果表明：在裂纹处,组合裂纹梁挠度曲线存在尖点,而横截面转角曲线存在跳跃,且随着裂纹数目和深度的增加,挠度和横截面转角跳跃值增大;随着连接面剪切刚度的增加,挠度和横截面转角减小,并最终趋于定值．并且,随着组合梁跨高比的增加,连接面剪切刚度对梁挠度影响逐渐减弱．     

磁电弹性圆锥顶端作用集中荷载的解析解

当磁电弹性材料特征根互异时，用5个势函数表示的通解出发，对圆锥顶端作用集中扭矩Mx的扭转、集中力Px和点电荷Q的压缩、集中力Px和集中力矩My的弯曲变形问题，用一些调和函数的线性组合分别构造了势函数，并根据边界条件求出了势函数中的待定系数从而确定势函数，再将势函数代入通解得到磁电弹性圆锥顶端作用集中载荷时的位移、电势、磁势、应力、电位移和磁感应强度的三维解析解。此解形式简单便于应用。当圆锥角2α=π时，可退化得到半空间问题的解。     

含边裂纹矩形截面偏心柱最大挠度的一个解析解

本文采用Rayleigh-Ritz能量变分法，计算分析了两端铰支含边裂纹矩形截面偏心柱的弹性挠度。首先选取三角函数级数作为柱挠度的试函数；然后分别计算弹性体系弯曲变形能和裂纹引起的变形能增量以及外边势能，进而得到体系的总势能；最终根据势能驻值条件确定挠度系数，从而得到一个在裂纹截面满足变形协调条件的挠度方程级数解。在假设裂纹位于柱中间截面的基础上，进一步分析推出了最大挠度的解析公式。文中还就本文解与相应的Okamura解进行了对比分析，指出了Okamura解存在的缺点和适用范围。     

Pressure Distribution in a Semi-infinite Horizontal Aquifer with Steep Gradients Due to Steady Recharge and/or Drainage: The Exact Explicit Solution

Groundwater flow with steep gradients in a vertical plane of infinite horizontal extension due to arbitrary non-symmetric strip sources and/or sinks can be described by the 2D Laplace equation. Notwithstanding the strongly nonlinear character of the free surface boundary condition, the exact analytical solution to this problem is developed in a closed form by employing neither the Dupuit assumption nor any other form of linearization. The first section of the development, still including the unsteady case, leads via conformal mapping and transformation procedures to a singular integro-differential-equation for the transient groundwater table. From this point onwards we restrict ourselves to the steady case for which the exact solution of the 2D Laplace equation for the pressure head and the location of the groundwater table was achieved. The solution is expressed exclusively in algebraic terms without the need for iterative procedures. It can not only be applied to real world phenomena, including a simple solution of the inverse problem, but also provide a new transparency regarding the solution characteristics and may serve as a standard for investigating numerical solutions and the domain of validity of simplified approaches. The computer program can be downloaded from www.tu-dresden.de/fghhihm/hydrologie.html     

变刚度梁弯曲解析解在桥面板中的应用

针对新型连续窄幅钢箱梁-混凝土组合桥梁,研究了该桥型桥梁的桥面板拉应力控制方法与措施．将该桥型组合桥梁等效为可变刚度的Euler梁,给出任意横向荷载作用下变刚度梁的静力弯曲解析通解,并得到三跨连续阶梯型变刚度梁变形及其内力分布特征．在此基础上,以三跨连续窄幅钢箱梁-混凝土组合桥梁为研究对象,考虑下部钢箱梁与上部混凝土桥面板完全剪力连接,通过改变负弯矩区钢箱梁壁厚、内部充填混凝土的强度、长度与高度等参数,分析得到可有效控制桥面板拉应力的关键因素．结果显示：在负弯矩区段内的钢箱梁内部充填混凝土对控制该区域混凝土桥面板拉应力效果明显,但混凝土强度影响较弱．混凝土桥面板开裂区域随钢箱梁中充填混凝土长度的增加而减少,但桥面板顶部拉应力会随混凝土充填高度的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在充填高度为箱梁内部净高的20 %~30 %左右时效果较为显著,此时经济效益最佳．     

刚性环梁支撑圆形基坑支护结构变形解析解

将圆形基坑支护结构视为弹性圆柱壳,利用广义Delta函数和Heaviside函数,基于圆柱薄壳轴对称弯曲变形的控制方程,利用Laplace变换及其逆变换,得到了具有任意数目刚性环梁支撑的圆形深基坑支护结构变形的解析解.在此基础上,以某一圆形基坑工程为背景,分析了基坑底部混凝土底板、支护结构底部边界条件、基坑开挖深度以及支护结构的几何和物理参数等对支护结构变形和内力分布的影响,结果表明:随着基坑半径和挖掘深度的增大,支护结构的位移和内力增大,但随着支护结构厚度的增加,径向位移减小,而内力增加.同时,随着支护结构弹性模量的增加,基坑位移减小,但内力几乎没有变化,这些结果为圆形基坑支护结构设计提供了理论依据和指导.