ICP-AES测定粉末冶金材料中钨、钼等八种元素

用硝酸、高氯酸和氢氟酸溶解样品,在0.025 mol·L-1 EDTA介质中,采用一种标准溶液,用ICP-AES光谱法测定样品溶液中Ni,Cu,V,Mn,W,Mo,Co,Cr的含量。研究了基体和共存元素对分析元素光谱的影响,选择合适的波长,测定了分析结果的精密度,方法的检出限和回收率,结果表明,分析方法有很低的检出限,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于1%,加入回收率在98.2%～101.6%,方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,满足生产要求。     

A theorem for quantum operator correspondence to the solution of the Helmholtz equation

We propose a theorem for the quantum operator that corresponds to the solution of the Helmholtz equation, i.e., V(x1, x2, x3)|x1, x2, x3 x1, x2, x3| d3 x = V(X1, X2, X3) = e-λ2/4: V(X1, X2, X3) :,where V(x1, x2, x3) is the solution to the Helmholtz equation ?2V + λ2V = 0, the symbol : : denotes normal ordering, and X1, X2, X3 are three-dimensional coordinate operators. This helps to derive the normally ordered expansion of Dirac’s radius operator functions. We also discuss the normally ordered expansion of Bessel operator functions.     

罗马大学附属物理博物馆简介

 意大利首都罗马共有三所国立大学、四所教会大学、二所私立大学。罗马大学(又称罗马第一大学)座落在罗马近郊。它由十个学院(法律,金融与贸易,统计学,文学哲学与考古学,师范,数学物理与自然科学,机械工程,建筑,医疗,药学)、二所附属学校(航空机械,图书档案)、一所国立高等数学研究所、八所附属博物馆(矿业,地质,地理,古典艺术,动物,医学史,古生物学,人类学)组成。     

Elemental Analysis of Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis) and Their Own Soils at Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey

People consume tea brewed from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant for about 50 centuries. Health benefits of the tea have been investigated for about three decades. Especially green tea shows antitoxic and lots of properties with its determined ingredients. Turkey is not only the one of the best consumer and but also good producer of the tea as being 5 th producer all over the world. It grows eastern region of the Turkey and high quality tea is imported and exported. To have quality tea, grooving soils are also crucial. In the current research, Tea leaves and their own grown soils were collected from 20 stations where the most tea producer cities as Trabzon, Rize and Artvin tea fields of the eastern of Black Sea Region in Turkey. The cultivated tea and their own grown soil samples were analysed by using EDXRF Spectrometry. In the soil samples, the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb on percent level and the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr in the tea leaves were detected by using SKRAY 3600-EDXRF.and also the obtained data were evaluated with the Kriging interpolation of geostatistical method. Element content were investigated in the soil and tea samples according to the geological situations and also the relation of elemental difference between the tea and the own grown soil. Pb/Zn ratio was also anaysed in the samples.     

物理学咬文嚼字之十心有千千结,都付画图中

图像可以帮助表述难以言传之意,所以它一直是物理学以及其他众多学科之重要表现工具.英文物理学文献中常遇到的与图像有关的词汇包括chart,map(mapping),histogram,scratch, sketch,image,plot,inset, painting,drawing,illustration,depict, delineation,profile,graphics,figure, picture,diagram(schematic diagram), graph, photograph, micrograph, cartoon,portrait,以及最近也可以作为稿件部分的film,flash,video,等等.研究者要善于选择最有效的图形表现工具,并要明了这些不同方式间的细微差别.然而,对物理学渐进境界之理解却又要求研究者心中不能着相.此中微义,愿读者诸公参详.     

科学思想的火花照亮人类智慧的星空

 当暴风雨即将来临的时候,满天阴霾,空气沉闷,正所谓"山雨欲来风满楼,黑云压城城欲摧"。突然,一声霹雳,一道强光划破长空,照得天空和大地无比灿烂。天上的云层,地上的山水,像水洗过一样,尽收眼底。这就是闪电,是云层与云层之间,云层与大地之间由火花放电产生的巨大的电火花。     

《广西物理》投稿须知

1.来稿要求科学性准确,逻辑性强,文字简练,数据可靠,图表清晰,具有创新性或一定新意。每篇文章字数（包括图、表）以不超过6000字为宜。来稿（按顺序）必须包括：题目,作者姓名,作者单位（包括所在地和邮政编码）,中文摘要（不超过300字）,关键词（3～8个）,中图分类号,正文,参考文献。     

物理学咬文嚼字之三十七 溅

碰撞过程(impact,bombardment,collision)难免崩出来一些物质,于是就有了sputter,splash,spatter,spurt等物理上也算常见的词汇,它们同spew,spit,sputum,sprout等同源.     

Structural,mechanical, electronic properties,and Debye temperature of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics under high pressure: A first-principles study

Quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics has been investigated as a potential nuclear fusion structural material,and it has advantages in certain aspects compared with Ti2AlC,Ti3AlC2,and Ti3SiC2 structural materials.In this paper,quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics is pressurized to investigate its structural,mechanical,electronic properties,and Debye temperature.Quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics still maintains a cubic structure under pressure(0–110 GPa).At zero pressure,quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics only has three bonds:Ti–Al,Ni–Al,and Ti–C.However,at pressures of 20 GPa,30 GPa,40 GPa,60 GPa,and 70 GPa,new Ti–Ni,Ti–Ti,Al–Al,Ti–Al,and Ti–Ti bonds form.When the pressure reaches 20 GPa,the covalent bonds change to metallic bonds.The volume of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics can be compressed to 72%of its original volume at most.Pressurization can improve the mechanical strength and ductility of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics.At 50–60 GPa,its mechanical strength can be comparable to pure tungsten,and the material changes from brittleness to ductility.However,the degree of anisotropy of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics increases with the increasing pressure.In addition,we also investigated the Debye temperature,density,melting point,hardness,and wear resistance of quaternary carbide Ti3NiAl2C ceramics under pressure.     

2009年全国高考理综（甲、乙卷）物理试题评析

1 总体评价 2009年全国高考(非课改区)理科综合物理试卷共两套,其中:甲卷供云南,贵州,黑龙江,吉林,甘肃,新疆,内蒙古,青海,西藏等省、自治区使用;乙卷供湖北,湖南,河北,河南,山西,陕西,江西,广西等省、自治区使用.     

Generation and transmission simulation of 60 G millimeter-wave by using semiconductor optical amplifiers for radio-over-fiber systems

A novel method of the millimeter-wave (MMW) generation is proposed for Radio-over-fiber systems with low phase noise by using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The simulation results show that the method is correct. When a pump light and a signal light are input into the SOA, the converted light induced by four-wave mixing (FWM) effect is generated. The optical MMW is generated between the signal light and converted light after filtering the pump light. The electrical MMW is obtained by beating the signal light and converted light via a photo-detector. The phase noise of the system is low because the phase difference between the signal light and converted light is stable for the FWM effect. The power of MMW is increased with the increase of the pump light power and the pump current of the SOA, is decreased with the increase of the polarization azimuths of the pump light.     

尘埃粒子计数器中光源对传感器光通量的影响分析

在Mie散射理论基础上，由单分散射的光强表达式导出在偏振光的入射条件下一定立体角内的散射光通量的表达式，并与自然光入射作比较。计算了在相同强度不同光源入射下，尘埃粒子计数器的两种常用散射光收集系统收集的散射光通量。结果表明：采用近前向散射光收集系统得到的光通量相等；而采用直角方向散射光收集系统时两者并不相等，且在平面偏振光入射时，收集的散射光通量还跟探测器中心与入射光偏振方向夹角有关。用MATLAB编程计算，得出了在探测器中心与偏振方向的夹角成90°或270°位置时，收集的散射光通量有极值的结论，为激光尘埃计数器传感器光学设计提供了依据。     

LED照明光场照度均匀性的研究

提出了LED面板与梯形高反射率混光筒相结合的匀光方法。单个LED作为近朗伯体发光,其光能输出较低,且发散角较大,难以直接利用。采用多个LED矩阵排列作为光源,增加了光源的有效发光面积和光通量。梯形混光筒内部各面镀有高反射率膜,使得进入混光筒内部的光线无吸收的反射,最后充分混合输出。调整梯形筒的长度可提高出射面上的光照度均匀性。利用TracePro软件对设计系统进行了模拟分析,结果表明出射面的照度均匀性大于90%,能量利用率大于65%,优于FF双焦距光学系统,并且整个系统结构简单紧凑,易于实现,成本不高。     

Measuring Light Field of Light Source with High Directional Resolution Using Mirrored Ball and Pinhole Camera

This paper presents a method of measuring a light field of a light source with high directional resolution using a mirrored ball and a pinhole camera. The light field describes a spatial and directional distribution of radiances from the light source. The directional distribution is expanded by a reflection on the mirrored ball, and the radiances are measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera with a pinhole lens. The light source is laterally moved by a robot arm to measure the directionally expanded light field, and each pixel on a CCD can obtain the radiances from the light source through the pinhole lens with high directional resolution. The light field is estimated from the pixel value and the position of each pixel using a ray tracing technique. The light field of a krypton lamp was experimentally measured by the proposed method, and the accuracy of the measurement was evaluated against the irradiances measured by a spectro-radiometer at sample points.     

Light Propagation in an Inhomogeneously Absorbing Medium: Near Field of GaAs-Light Emitting Diodes

The light propagation in media with inhomogeneous absorption is investigated by solving the wave equation in the approximation of very short wavelengths. The lowest order correction of the straight-on light propagation is given. In the approximation of light rays the near-field intensity of a light emitting diode (LED) is calculated by using a special absorption function within the region of light excitation.     

光抽运小型铯束频标中光频移的测量与分析

在弥漫激光场抽运斜入射光检测小型铯原子束频标实验系统上 ,对弥漫激光场产生的散射光所引起的光频移 (主要是交流斯塔克移动 )以及光抽运区产生的荧光引起的光频移对铯束频标准确度的影响作了仔细的实验测量 ,并与理论计算结果作了比较分析。测量结果表明在正常工作条件下 ,散射光引起的光频移小于 - 2× 10 -13 ,荧光引起的光频移值在 0 8× 10 -13 左右 ,这样的光频移对小型光抽运铯束频标来说是可以接受的。     

部分相干光与相干光在湍流中的传输特性实验研究

相干光经湍流传输引起光强闪烁效应,理论研究表明利用部分相干光可降低该影响,而相关的实验验证鲜有报道。利用水介质的对流湍流池模拟产生了Rytov方差为0.04~0.16的湍流,进行了弱起伏区湍流中部分相干光及相干光的传输实验,由接收光强计算出其光强闪烁指数随湍流Rytov方差的变化关系。实验结果表明:随着湍流强度的增加,部分相干光与相干光的闪烁效应均增强,但部分相干光的闪烁指数小于相干光。将实验数据与Andrews等人建立的闪烁指数理论模型进行比较,得出了较为一致的结论。     

用于投影机的发光二极管照明单元

目前的投影机光源——高压汞灯存在寿命短、色温高、存在有害光线、发热集中等缺点,严重制约了投影机进入家庭应用领域。发光二极管的最近发展为其作为高压汞灯的替代光源提供了可能性。提出了一种由一个发光二极管、一个准直镜、一个前蝇眼透镜和一个后蝇眼透镜组成的用于投影机的发光二极管照明单元,由数个照明单元加上会聚透镜则构成一个基本的照明系统。发光二极管的发光经准直镜压缩光束发散角后被前蝇眼透镜分割为多个细光束,会聚透镜将每个细光束都叠加会聚到显示芯片上,实现光能量的会聚和光场再分布．以满足投影机对光通量和光场均匀性等方面的要求,后蝇眼透镜用于与后续光路的匹配。作为照明单元的一个应用实例,文中分析了一种单片式硅上液晶投影机。     

皮肤组织容积脉搏波400~1000 nm光谱特性仿真研究

根据皮肤组织解剖结构特性建立了六层层状模型,并给出了皮肤组织各层的特性参数;考虑了氧合血红蛋白和还原血红蛋白的吸收特性,依据皮肤组织各层的水、血、脂肪、血氧饱和度含量以及血管大小给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱吸收系数;对不同波长散射系数做了适当简化,给出了皮肤组织各层的光谱散射系数。利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真血管组织在收缩与舒张两种状态下, 400~1 000 nm波长光在皮肤组织多层模型中的传输过程,并通过统计大量光子的分布特性,获得了皮肤组织光谱反射系数,并利用模拟所得的两种状态下的反射系数计算得到了光谱容积脉搏波幅度。仿真结果表明,当入射光强一定时,绿光的容积脉搏波幅度优于红光和蓝光。通过计算不同波长光沿皮肤组织深度方向光能流率衰减为1/e时对应的皮肤组织深度,获得了皮肤组织光谱穿透深度。结果显示,血管舒张状态下蓝光和绿光的穿透深度较小,蓝光大部分只能达到表皮层,绿光能到达微循环层,红光可直达真皮层。考虑到光在皮肤组织中传播包含了一个从收缩到舒张的动态过程,基于此,根据穿透深度定义了脉搏波信号产生深度,利用血管舒张与收缩两种不同状态下的穿透深度计算得到了光谱产生深度。结果表明,不同波长光产生深度大于其穿透深度,蓝光产生深度较浅,且其受到的血液吸收调制较小,因而其获得的脉搏信号易受噪声干扰;红光的容积脉搏波产生深度较大,但是相比于绿光其受血液吸收调制较小,且绿光产生深度足够达到真皮血管层,因而红光容积脉搏波的幅度小于绿光。上述仿真结果明确了皮肤组织部分光谱特性,为皮肤组织多光谱容积脉搏波的精确获取及其他相关研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

发光二极管光谱测量中的杂散光与带宽校正

光谱仪的杂散光和带宽是LED光谱测量中比较重要的两个误差影响因素,为了得到更精确的测量结果,必须对杂散光和带宽影响进行校正.用He-Ne激光测出光谱仪的线扩展函数,在假设光谱仪是线性波长不变系统的前提下,构建杂散光分布函数矩阵,转化为杂散光校正矩阵,从而对所测信号进行杂散光校正;在三个波段内分别由光谱仪带宽函数计算带宽校正系数,将被测波长点及其邻近带宽波长点上的测量结果进行加权平均,从而得到带宽校正结果.将两种校正方法应用在一台多通道快速光谱仪上,测量各种颜色的LED,实验结果表明能有效地校正杂散光和带宽影响,色品坐标最大校正了(-0.003,0.007).且该方法降低了应用成本,在保证精度的情况下简化了计算量,使得校正更易于实施.