固相萃取纯化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中痕量雷公藤红素

提出了尿液中雷公藤红素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。尿液样品经Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化后,以XDB C18反相色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以0.5 g.L-1乙酸-乙腈(25+75)混合溶液为流动相,以氢化可的松为内标,采用负离子模式大气压化学电离源在多反应监测模式下进行检测,雷公藤红素和内标的定量离子对分别为m/z449/405和m/z419/329。线性范围为0.2~50.0μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.07μg.L-1。日内精密度(n=6)和日间精密度(n=15)分别小于9.3%和11.4%。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定尿液中痕量雷公藤春碱

提出了尿液中雷公藤春碱的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法。尿液样品经Waters Oasis(MCX固相萃取小柱富集、净化后,以Zorbax Eclipse SB C18反相色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以乙酸盐缓冲溶液-乙腈(40+60)为流动相,采用正离子模式大气压化学电离源,在选择离子监测模式下进行检测,雷公藤春碱的定量离子质荷比(m/z)为874.4。线性范围为0.2~50.0μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.07μg·L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为0.2μg·L-1。回收率在86.0%~92.0%之间,日内(n=6)和日间(n=15)相对标准偏差分别小于7.5%和10.5%。     

电喷雾电离-串联质谱法测定纺织皮革产品中4,4-二氨基二苯醚

在不需要色谱分离的前提下,应用电喷雾电离-串联质谱法(ESI-MS/MS)对纺织品中偶氮染料还原产物4,4′-二氨基二苯醚进行测定。在MS/MS中,选择电喷雾离子源,以正离子扫描,选择离子监测模式和二级选择反应监测模式对4,4′-二氨基二苯醚进行定性和定量检测。以[M+H](m/z201)为母离子,选择其二级离子中碎片离子[M+H-NH3](m/z184)和[M+H-C6H7N](m/z108)为子离子。方法的检出限(19S/N)为70 ng.L-1。以1 ng.L-14,4′-二氨基二苯醚溶液进样2μL,平行测定9次,峰面积测定值的相对标准偏差为1.7%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法确证分析环境水样中痕量克百威北大核心CSCD

采集水样后,立即按比例在每升水样中加入1.0mol·L-1硝酸溶液5mL,并于4℃温度下保存。取此水样9.0mL,加入甲酸-乙腈(1+99)混合液1.0mL,混匀,经0.2μm滤膜过滤。滤液按工作条件在Shim-pack XR-ODS II色谱柱上分离,以0.01%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈(3+7)混合液作流动相进行洗脱。洗脱液按选定条件泵入质谱离子源,在ESI+模式下,克百威的准分子离子为m/z 222.2[M+H]+,MS/MS裂解最强和次强碎片离子分别为m/z 123.0和m/z165.1,两者的峰强比为Im/z123.0∶Im/z165.1=100∶20。选择离子对m/z 222.2/123.0和m/z222.2/165.1作为定性分析离子对,并选择前者作为定量分析离子对。所提出的克百威的可能裂解途径采用Q Exactive高分辨质谱予以确认。在水样分析中,根据分析对象色谱分离的保留时间(2.67min)和裂解后的碎片离子及其峰的强度比,与克百威标准溶液的结果比较,即可判定水样中是否存在克百威。定量分析的结果表明:克百威质量浓度在0.05~10.0μg·L^(-1)内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为0.01μg·L^(-1)。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在88.4%~96.5%之间。精密度试验的结果表明:其日内相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.90%~5.6%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~7.3%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法确证分析环境水样中痕量克百威

采集水样后,立即按比例在每升水样中加入1.0mol·L-1硝酸溶液5mL,并于4℃温度下保存。取此水样9.0mL,加入甲酸-乙腈(1+99)混合液1.0mL,混匀,经0.2μm滤膜过滤。滤液按工作条件在Shim-pack XR-ODS II色谱柱上分离,以0.01%(体积分数)甲酸溶液-乙腈(3+7)混合液作流动相进行洗脱。洗脱液按选定条件泵入质谱离子源,在ESI+模式下,克百威的准分子离子为m/z 222.2[M+H]+,MS/MS裂解最强和次强碎片离子分别为m/z 123.0和m/z165.1,两者的峰强比为Im/z123.0∶Im/z165.1=100∶20。选择离子对m/z 222.2/123.0和m/z222.2/165.1作为定性分析离子对,并选择前者作为定量分析离子对。所提出的克百威的可能裂解途径采用Q Exactive高分辨质谱予以确认。在水样分析中,根据分析对象色谱分离的保留时间(2.67min)和裂解后的碎片离子及其峰的强度比,与克百威标准溶液的结果比较,即可判定水样中是否存在克百威。定量分析的结果表明:克百威质量浓度在0.05~10.0μg·L~(-1)内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,其检出限(3S/N)为0.01μg·L~(-1)。用标准加入法进行回收试验,测得回收率在88.4%~96.5%之间。精密度试验的结果表明:其日内相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.90%~5.6%之间,日间相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~7.3%之间。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术测定鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的含量

建立了经鼻腔给药后人血浆中佐米曲普坦的液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。血浆样品经乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷(体积比4∶1)液-液提取后,以Hypersil BDS C6H5柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(含1%甲酸)-0.02 mol.L-1醋酸铵(体积比30∶70),流速为0.6 mL.m in-1,柱温:25℃,进样量:40μL,在Agilent 1100 LC/MSD XCT离子阱质谱仪上,以选择离子监测(SIM)方式进行定量分析,用于监测的离子为m/z288(佐米曲普坦)和m/z296(舒马普坦,内标物)。佐米曲普坦的定量下限为0.30μg.L-1,线性范围为0.30~25μg.L-1,方法回收率在82%~87%之间(n=5),精密度与准确度符合生物样品分析要求。该法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于佐米曲普坦临床血药浓度和药代动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定工业废水中尼古丁含量

通过采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定工业废水中尼古丁的方式,从排污口取得的废水,过滤后采用反相C18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离,以甲醇-水(95+5)溶液为流动相,电喷雾串联质谱正离子模式下监测,测定尼古丁特征离子碎片m/z 130.1。结果发现:方法的线性范围为0.80～80.0μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.05μg.L-1,加标回收率为96.0%～97.9%。     

反相高效液相色谱/电喷雾质谱法测定血浆中盐酸舍曲林

采用反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法(LC-ESI/MS)测定人体血浆中盐酸舍曲林。以盐酸丙咪嗪为内标,按内标法定量。血浆样品经pH 10.00碳酸钠溶液碱化,加入甲基叔丁基醚萃取,离心分离,取上清液吹干,用流动相溶解进样。色谱柱:RP-Extend-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温:40℃;流动相:pH 3.00的三氟乙酸溶液-甲醇(40∶60,V/V),流速0.6 mL/m in。质谱采用选择离子监控模式,检测离子的核质比(m/z)分别是281(丙咪嗪)和159(舍曲林)。舍曲林和丙咪嗪的保留时间分别是5.4 m in和3.8 m in;舍曲林标准曲线线性范围为1~80μg/L;检出限为1.0μg/L(S/N>10);日间、日内相对标准差均小于6.0%,相对回收率为90%~106%;提取回收率在75%~93%范围内。此法适合人体药代动力学的血浆样品的分析,结果准确、可靠。     

快速溶剂萃取-离子色谱-质谱法测定人体血液、尿液中的氟乙酸

建立了快速溶剂萃取-离子色谱-质谱法测定人体血液、尿液中氟乙酸的方法。以去离子水为萃取溶剂，使用快速溶剂萃取仪处理血液和尿液样品，取上清液依次经超滤管和0.22μm水相针式滤膜净化，稀释50倍后进样检测。采用Ion Pac AS20离子色谱柱以15.0 mmol/L的KOH溶液为淋洗液进行等度淋洗，流出液通过抑制器后进入三重四极杆质谱，在负离子、多反应监测模式下检测，外标法定量。结果表明，氟乙酸在0.5～500.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),检出限和定量限分别为0.14、0.47μg/L。氟乙酸在血液和尿液中的回收率分别为93.4%～95.8%、96.2%～98.4%,日内精密度分别为0.8%～1.6%、0.2%～1.0%,日间精密度分别为2.3%～3.8%、3.9%～6.9%。进一步考察发现该方法在血液、尿液中的基质效应较弱，分别为-7.4%、-3.0%。该法无需衍生化处理，简便高效，灵敏度高，重复性好，适用于人体血液、尿液中氟乙酸的快速检测。     

离子液体双水相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中溴鼠灵

提出了离子液体双水相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中溴鼠灵。采用亲水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐和磷酸二氢钠组成的双水相体系对样品进行萃取。萃取液在XDB C18色谱柱上分离,以甲醇-0.2%(φ)乙酸(85+15)混合溶液为流动相进行洗脱。采用电喷雾电离-多反应监测模式测定。溴鼠灵的线性范围为0.02~2.0μg·L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为0.015μg·L-1。空白尿样的加标回收率在86.8%~92.5%之间,测定值的日内、日间相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为3.3%~8.1%,6.2%~9.7%。方法可应用于尿液中溴鼠灵的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.