几种碱卤晶体热膨胀系数的理论计算

 本文利用P. Mohazzabi和F. Behrooz的方法计算了碱卤晶体NaCl、KCl、RbBr、KBr的热膨胀系数，取得了和实验较为一致的结果。     

高压下碱卤晶体的三参量等温状态方程

 由等温体积弹性模量的定义及其与压强关系的假设出发,导出了一个新的适用于高压下碱卤晶体的三参量等温状态方程。计算了室温下NaCl晶体在0～30 GPa压强范围内、CsCl晶体在0～40 GPa压强范围内的相对体积以及NaCl晶体在0～30 GPa压强范围内的等温体积弹性模量,计算结果与实验值一致。对等温体积弹性模量及其对压强的一阶、二阶导数与压强的关系进行了讨论,指出压强趋于无穷大时的等温体积弹性模量是常数。     

固体的热膨胀系数

 本文由Grüneisen第二定则出发，采用普适能量函数作为原子间相互作用势能函数，计算立方晶体金属元素和几种NaCl型结构的碱卤晶体的线膨胀系数。计算值与实验值符合得很好。     

碱卤晶体中激子-声子相互作用与光吸收谱线宽

本文研究对碱卤晶体中电荷转移型激子(charge transfer exciton,简写为CTE)的性质有重要影响的激子-声子相互作用。讨论了一类可能起重要作用的相互作用机制:离子的位移振动对CTE系统的哈密顿量的调制,从而导出了CTE与声子系统的相互作用哈密顿量,还讨论了相互作用导致的CTE的有限寿命及与之相联系的光吸收谱线宽,并在适当的近似下作自洽的数值计算,得到的线宽数据与实验测定值半定量相符。这说明本文导出的相互作用哈密顿量很可能是碱卤晶体中起重要作用的激子-声子相互作用。 关键词：     

碱卤化合物和MgO的离子间距-压强关系分析

 给出了一种新的方法来决定固体的离子间距与压强的关系,并将这种方法应用到碱卤化合物和MgO晶体。这种新方法的理论基础是利用Hildebrand 近似、并运用Harrison的处理方法来考虑排斥能,即考虑离子间的相互作用直到次临近离子。还利用了更精确的方法来计算偶极子-偶极子和偶极子-四极子之间的相互作用。利用这种新方法得到的结果和实验结果吻合得很好。     

一个普适的反射光谱灵敏度公式及其应用

从介电常数与反射串的普遍联系出发，推导出反射光谱灵敏度的解忻表达式。从这个统一的公式出发，分析了Ｌｏｒｅｎｔｚ振子及Ｄｒｕｄｅ自由载流子的反射光谱的敏感性，从而更深入地解释了一些碱卤晶体剩余反射带短波边的异常反射光谱结构及高温超导体的红外反射光谱特征。 关键词：     

一种考虑电荷转移的普适相互作用势的应用──NaCl结构的碱卤离子晶体的结合能曲线

对Ｓｃｈｌｏｓｓｅｒ等人提出的，基于考虑了离子间电荷转移的相互作用势的晶体结合能的普适表达式中的待定参数，以１５种ＮａｌＣｌ结构的碱卤离子晶体为对象，全部进行了重新确定，同时，指出了原文［Ｐｈｙｓ．Ｒｅｖ．．Ｂ４４（１９９１），９６９６和Ｐｈｙｓ．ＲｅｖＢ４７（１９９３），１０７３］中在确定参数时存在的问题。从得到的结合能曲线出发计算出的等温压缩曲线与实验数据都作过了比较。     

一种考虑电荷转移的普适相互作用势的应用：NaCl结构的碱卤离子体…

对Ｓｃｈｌｏｓｓｅｒ等入提出的，基于考虑了离子间电荷转移的相互作用势的晶体结合能的普适表式中的待定参数，以１５种ＮａｌＣｌ结构的碱卤离子晶体为对象，全部进行了重新确定，同时，指出了原文［Ｐｈｙｓ．Ｒｅｖ．Ｂ４４（１９９１），９６９６和Ｐｈｙｓ，Ｒｅｖ．Ｂ４７（１９９赋），１０７３］中在确定参数时存在的问题。从得到的结合能曲线出发计算出的等温压缩曲线与实验数据都作过了比较。     

碱卤晶体中的电荷转移型激子

本文讨论碱卤晶体中的低激发电子态——电荷转移型激子(charge transfer exciton简写为CTE)。采用简并态微扰论的标准方法,研究CTE的能谱,推出CTE系统的有效哈密顿量。数值计算得到的CTE能级位置与实验测定的光吸收峰位置符合得较好。本文还得出了CTE的能带宽度和有效平移质量等物理量。 关键词：     

准正电子偶素弛豫机制的研究

理论上研究了碱卤晶体中准正电子偶素(qPs)的弛豫机制。指出造成弛豫的原因,是电子云极化波对c⁺-e^-库仑势的屏蔽。考虑到Toyozawa的相互作用哈密顿量已不适用于qPs的情形,采用唯象方法,对相互作用能给予短程力修正。利用顾世洧处理激子的方法,可以求解得到qPs的有效哈密顿量。变分法的数值计算表明,所采用的模型,能得到与实验结果一致的结论,较好地解释了qPs的弛豫现象。 关键词：     

Detection of defects binding free polarons in colored alkali halide crystals

The assumption has been made that defects binding free polarons in colored alkali halide crystals are F'-center, i.e., defects that slow down the motion of dislocations (photoplastic effect). This assumption has been confirmed by the experiments performed in this study. Thus, the anion vacancy in alkali halide crystals at a low temperature can capture three electrons: two electrons at a deep level (F'-center) and one electron in a bound polaron state. This electron is retained due to the energy gain in the interaction of a local deformation of the polaron and a local deformation surrounding the F'-center, despite the presence of the Coulomb repulsion.     

Correlations between thermodynamic characteristics of alkali halide crystals and the binding energy of dipolons

The thermodynamic properties of alkali halide crystals are considered. Correlations between the thermodynamic characteristics (such as the melting temperature, the melting energy, and the jump in the entropy upon melting) and the binding energy of dipolons are established for 16 alkali halide crystals.     

Evolution of Anion and Cation Excitons in Alkali Halide Crystals

The manifestations of the existence of free anion excitons, the processes of their self-trapping, and the coexistence of mobile and self-trapped excitons (STEs) in wide-gap alkali halide crystals are reviewed. The radiative channel of decay of anion excitons, yielding luminescence, and a particular type of nonradiative channel with the creation of elementary Frenkel defects (FDs) are considered. We analyzed the criteria for the efficiency of this channel for defect formation, possible mechanisms for the decay of self-trapped excitons with the production of neutral and charged anion Frenkel defects, and the processes of multiplication of electronic excitations in alkali halide crystals. Particular attention is paid to the decay of cation excitons, including from the point of view of the possibility of the low-temperature creation of elementary Frenkel defects in the cation sublattice of alkali halide crystals.     

Deformation-induced excitation of the luminescence centres in coloured alkali halide crystals

The present paper reports the deformation-induced excitation of the luminescence centres in coloured alkali halide crystals. The peaks of the mechanoluminescence (ML) in γ-irradiated KCl, KBr, KI, NaCl and LiF crystals lie at 455, 463, 472, 450 and 485 nm, i.e. at 2.71, 2.67, 2.62, 2.75 and 2.56 eV, respectively. From the similarity between the ML spectra and the thermoluminescence (TL) and afterglow spectra, the ML of KCl, KBr, KI, NaCl and LiF crystals can be assigned to the deformation-induced excitation of the halide ions in V₂-centres or any other hole centres. For the deformation-induced excitation of the halide ions in V₂-centres, or in other centres, the following four models may be considered: (i) free electron generation model, (ii) electron–hole recombination model, (iii) dislocation exciton radiative decay model and (iv) dislocation exciton energy transfer model. The dislocation exciton energy transfer model is found to be suitable for the coloured alkali halide crystals. According to the dislocation exciton energy transfer model, during the deformation of solids the moving dislocations capture electrons from the F-centres and then they capture holes from the hole centres and consequently the formation of dislocation excitons takes place. Subsequently, the energy released during the decay of dislocation excitons excites the halide ions of the V₂-centres or any other hole centres and the light emission occurs during the de-excitation of the excited halide ions, which is the characteristic of halide ions. The mechanism of ML in irradiated alkali halide crystals is different from that of the TL in which the electrons released form F-centres due to the thermal vibrations of lattices reach the conduction band and the energy released during the electron–hole recombination excites the halide ions in V₂-centres or in any other hole centres. It is shown that the phenomenon of ML may give important information about the dislocation bands in coloured alkali halide crystals.     

Dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission from alkali halide crystals

The present paper reports the dislocation unpinning model of acoustic emission (AE) from alkali halide crystals. Equations are derived for the strain dependence of the transient AE pulse rate, peak value of the AE pulse rate and the total number of AE pulse emitted. It is found that the AE pulse rate should be maximum for a particular strain of the crystals. The peak value of the AE pulse rate should depend on the volume and strain rate of the crystals, and also on the pinning time of dislocations. Since the pinning time of dislocations decreases with increasing strain rate, the AE pulse rate should be weakly dependent on the strain rate of the crystals. The total number of AE should increase linearly with deformation and then it should attain a saturation value for the large deformation. By measuring the strain dependence of the AE pulse rate at a fixed strain rate, the time constantτ _s for surface annihilation of dislocations and the pinning timeτ _p of the dislocations can be determined. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results related to the AE from alkali halide crystals.     

Effect of ionic polarizability on the equations of state of certain alkali halide crystals

The equations of state are found for four alkali halide crystals: TiF, NaCl, KCl, and KBr. The effect of ionic polarizability on the equations of state is shown to be slight at low pressures and to increase with increasing pressure.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 8, pp. 92–97, August, 1969.     

Possibility of elastico-mechanoluminescence dosimetry using alkali halides and other crystals

The elastico-mechanoluminescence (EML) intensity of X or γ-irradiated alkali halide crystals can be used in radiation dosimetry. The EML intensity of X or γ-irradiated alkali halide crystals increases linearly with the strain of the crystals, and when the crosshead of the testing machine deforming an X or γ-irradiated crystal is stopped, then the EML intensity decreases with time. The semilog plot of the EML intensity versus (t − t_c) (where t_c is the time where the crosshead of the testing machine is stopped) indicates that, in the post-deformation region, the EML intensity initially decreases exponentially at a fast rate and later on it decreases exponentially at a slow rate. The EML intensity increases linearly with the density of the F-centres in the crystals. This fact indicates that elastico-ML can suitably be used for the radiation dosimetry. The EML spectra of X or γ-irradiated alkali halide crystals are similar to their thermoluminescence spectra. Based on the detrapping of electrons during the mechanical interaction between the dislocation segments and F-centres, an expression is derived, which indicates that the EML intensity should increase linearly with the density of F-centres in the crystals. The expression derived for the decay of EML indicates that the decay time for the fast decrease of EML should gives the pinning time of dislocation segments (lifetime of interacting F-centres), and the decay time for the slow decrease of EML intensity should gives the lifetime of electrons in the shallow traps. As the elastic deformation is non-destructive phenomenon and the EML intensity depends on the radiation dosage given to the alkali halide crystals, similar to the thermoluminescence and photo-stimulated luminescence, the EML of alkali halide crystals and other crystals may be used for the radiation dosimetry. In EML dosimetry, the same crystal can be used number of times because the elastic deformation does not cause permanent deformation in the crystals, and moreover, comparatively the devices needed for the EML measurements are of low cost and very simple. In recent years, a large number of elastico mechanoluminescent materials have been investigated, and the study of their suitability for the radiation dosimetry may be interesting.     

Specific features of the temperature quenching of luminescence of self-trapped excitons in alkali halide crystals under low-temperature deformation

The activation energy of temperature quenching of luminescence of self-trapped excitons in alkali halide crystals subjected to low-temperature uniaxial deformation is evaluated experimentally. It is found that an increase in the activation energy is observed in the following series of crystals: KBr → NaCl → KI → NaBr → CsBr → RbI. The effect of enhancement of intrinsic luminescence of alkali halide crystals due to the lowering of the symmetry of the crystal lattice under low-temperature uniaxial deformation is interpreted by analyzing the observed increase in the activation energy that characterizes the height of the potential barrier separating channels of radiative and nonradiative decay (with the formation of radiation defects) of self-trapped excitons.     

Mechanoluminescence response to the plastic flow of coloured alkali halide crystals

The present paper reports the luminescence induced by plastic deformation of coloured alkali halide crystals using pressure steps. When pressure is applied onto a γ-irradiated alkali halide crystal, then initially the mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity increases with time, attains a peak value and later on it decreases with time. The ML of diminished intensity also appears during the release of applied pressure. The intensity I_m corresponding to the peak of ML intensity versus time curve and the total ML intensity I_T increase with increase in value of the applied pressure. The time t_m corresponding to the ML peak slightly decreases with the applied pressure. After t_m, initially the ML intensity decreases at a fast rate and later on it decreases at a slow rate. The decay time of the fast decrease in the ML intensity is equal to the pinning time of dislocations and the decay time for the slow decrease of ML intensity is equal to the diffusion time of holes towards the F-centres. The ML intensity increases with the density of F-centres and it is optimum for a particular temperature of the crystals. The ML spectra of coloured alkali halide crystals are similar to the thermoluminescence and afterglow spectra. The peak ML intensity and the total ML intensity increase drastically with the applied pressure following power law, whereby the pressure dependence of the ML intensity is related to the work-hardening exponent of the crystals. The ML also appears during the release of the applied pressure because of the movement of dislocation segments and movements of dislocation lines blocked under pressed condition. On the basis of the model based on the mechanical interaction between dislocation and F-centres, expressions are derived for the ML intensity, which are able to explain different characteristics of the ML. From the measurements of the plastico ML induced by the application of loads on γ-irradiated alkali halide crystals, the pinning time of dislocations, diffusion time of holes towards F-centres, the energy gap E_a between the bottom of acceptor dislocation band and the energy level of interacting F-centres, and work-hardening exponent of the crystals can be determined. As in the elastic region the strain increases linearly with stress, the ML intensity also increases linearly with stress, however, as in the plastic region, the strain increases drastically with stress and follows power law, the ML intensity also increases drastically with stress and follows power law. Thus, the ML is intimately related to the plastic flow of alkali halide crystals.