Resonant Scattering of Picosecond Laser Pulses by Atoms in Alkali Metal Vapors

Resonant scattering of ultrashort laser pulses (ULPs) in the vicinity of spectral doublets in monatomic lithium and sodium vapors is studied theoretically. The scattering probability over the entire time of pulse action is calculated as a function of various parameters of the problem (carrier frequency and ULP duration, as well as vapor pressure and temperature). It is shown that the dependence of the total scattering probability on the pulse duration is generally nonlinear by nature.     

Scattering of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses on metal clusters

We have calculated and analyzed the probability of ultrashort electromagnetic pulse (USP) scattering on small metal clusters in the frequency range of plasmon resonances during the field action. The main attention is devoted to dependence of the probability of scattering on the pulse duration for various detunings of the USP carrier frequency from the plasmon resonance frequency. Peculiarities of the USP scattering from plasmon resonances with various figures of merit are revealed.     

水中受激布里渊散射脉冲的反常压缩

受激布里渊散射(SBS)具有脉冲压缩的特性,受激布里渊散射的脉冲宽度随着抽运能量的增大而变小,在水中可以达到几百皮秒的量级.本文在实验上观察到一种受激布里渊散射的脉冲宽度随抽运能量增大而变大的现象,这里称之为反常压缩.SBS的脉冲反常压缩和脉冲压缩与抽运光的强弱会聚情况有关.利用数值模拟,模拟了强弱会聚情况下抽运光在水中的传输规律,强弱会聚情况的抽运光对受激布里渊散射形成的有效增益长度不同:抽运光强会聚时有效增益长度短,形成SBS脉冲宽度的反常压缩;弱会聚时有效增益长度长,也就是正常的SBS脉冲压缩.     

Scattering of ultrashort laser pulses on “ion‐sphere” in dense plasmas

Scattering of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses on the dense strongly coupled plasma is under consideration in the frame of hard ion sphere model. The electron distribution inside the ion sphere is obtained from self‐consistent solution of the Shrodinger equation for bound electrons and the Poisson equation for free electrons. The electron density distribution is determined by plasma electron temperatures. The ion density of Al plasmas under consideration is of the order of 10²⁰–10²² cm^?3, the electron temperature changes between 54 and 816 eV. Dynamical polarizability of the hard sphere determining the scattering cross sections is calculated using the modified local plasma frequency approximation. The spectrum of scattering cross section has maxima in the vicinity of the mean plasma frequency. Dependencies of scattering probability on carrier frequency and pulse duration are analysed in detail. The transition of the total scattering probabilities from nonlinear time dependence at small times to standard linear ones with the increase of pulse duration is demonstrated.     

Attosecond Dynamics of Photoexcitation of the Hydrogen Atom by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

The dynamics of photoexcitation of the hydrogen atom in the discrete and continuous spectra under the action of laser pulses in the attosecond range of time and pulse durations has been analyzed using perturbation theory. It is shown that over time interval shorter than or on the order of pulse duration, the time dependence of the photoexcitation probability is generally oscillating by nature. It has been established that for certain values of parameters, the envelope of this dependence has a peak, the position of which is determined by the pulse duration and carrier frequency.     

(1+2+1)双共振多光子电离概率的理论研究

共振增强多光子电离光谱技术已成为研究原子、分子高激发态能级结构的重要方法。运用光和物质相互作用的速率方程理论,推导出四能级物质系统1+2+1双共振增强多光子电离概率的解析表达式,以此为基础,理论模拟了电离概率随激发光强、激光脉冲宽度和碰撞弛豫速率的变化,发现在1+2+1多光子电离机制中,电离概率随光强的增加而增大,继而出现单步、双步激发饱和的现象,直至饱和值1;继续增大光强,电离概率将围绕饱和值1窄幅振荡,振荡幅度随光强增加而增大。随激光脉冲宽度的增大,电离概率从零开始逐渐增大直至饱和值1。而随碰撞弛豫速率的增大电离概率以线性规律减小。     

受激布里渊散射光限幅输出波形控制研究

数值模拟了种子场诱导受激布里渊散射光限幅过程的限幅输出波形特性.得到利用种子场控制限幅脉冲波形的规律：选取种子场脉冲宽度为抽运脉冲宽度的五倍，抽运脉冲相对于种子脉冲的延迟时间控制在与抽运脉冲宽度相当时，限幅输出波形最佳.限幅输出波形同时受抽运光功率影响，随抽运能量的增加，限幅脉冲功率不断下降，直至趋于0. 关键词： 受激布里渊散射 限幅输出波形 注入种子     

Scattering-induced changes in the temporal coherence length and the pulse duration of a partially coherent plane-wave pulse

The scattering of a partially coherent plane-wave pulse on a Gaussian-correlated, quasi-homogeneous random medium is investigated. The analytical expressions for the temporal coherence length and the pulse duration of the scattered field are derived. We demonstrate that the scattering-induced changes in the temporal coherence length and the pulse duration may be used to determine the correlation function of the scattering potential of the medium.     

影响单电子非线性汤姆孙散射因素的研究

应用电子汤姆孙散射的经典理论，通过理论分析和计算机模拟，研究了超短超强激光脉冲作用下电子产生的辐射脉冲的性质.计算表明，在这种情况下，电子的辐射通常以阿秒脉冲列的形式出现.讨论了不同激光场参数（包括激光强度、脉宽、初相位和偏振态）、不同电子初始状态（初始速度和位置）对辐射脉冲的时间和空间特性的影响.通常在相对论光强条件下，激光强度越大，电子辐射越强，脉宽越窄，中心频率越大，并且方向性越好；电子在线偏振激光中产生的辐射效率，比在同样强度下圆偏振激光中产生的效率更高；无论入射光是线偏振光，还是圆偏振光,辐射场呈现较复杂的偏振态, 并且它与辐射方向有关.当电子具有一定的初始能量时，通常辐射场的振幅随电子初始能量的增大而增大.不管电子的初始能量以及运动方向如何，做相对论运动的电子产生的辐射趋向于出现在靠近电子运动方向的角度区域.     

Single-photon emission via Raman scattering from the levels with partially resolved hyperfine structure

The probability of emission of a single-photon via Raman scattering of laser pulse on the three-level Λ - type atom in microcavity is studied. The duration of the pulse is considered to be short enough, so that the hyperfine structure of the upper level remains totally unresolved, while that of the lower level is totally resolved. The coherent laser pulse is assumed to be in resonance with the transition between one hyperfine-structure component of the lower atomic level and all hyperfine-structure components of the upper level, while the quantized cavity field is assumed to be in resonance with the transition between the other hyperfine-structure component of the lower level and all components of the upper one. The dependence of the photon emission probability on the mutual orientation of polarization vectors of the cavity mode and of the coherent laser pulse is analyzed. Particularly, the case is investigated, when the total electronic angular momentum of the lower atomic level equals 1/2, which is true for the ground states of alkali atoms employed in the experiments on deterministic single-photon emission. It is shown, that in this case the probability of photon emission equals zero for collinear polarizations of the photon and of the laser pulse, and the probability obtains its maximum value, when the angle between their polarizations equals 60°.     

Die kinetischen Eigenschaften der Elektronen des anisothermen homogenen stationären Neon-Plasmas im Ionisierungsgradbereich von 10−9 bis 10−2

The time dependence of the spectral and spatial energy density of the fluorescence radiation of an atomic system generated by the resonance scattering of an intense laser pulse was calculated. Particularly the influence of the duration and the intensity of the incident laser pulse and of the atomic relaxation constants upon the fluorescence radiation has been studied.     

带受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜的Nd:YAG激光器

应用液体中受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜,与普通反射镜一起构成位相共轭谐振腔,得到了能量在10OmJ以上,脉宽在15ns以下的激光脉冲输出。实验测量了各种腔结构参数对输出能量的影响,并用相位板对该腔干扰,测量了其补偿特性。     

Selective ablation of thin SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> layers on silicon substrates by femto- and picosecond laser pulses

The selective ablation of thin (∼100 nm) SiO₂ layers from silicon wafers has been investigated by applying ultra-short laser pulses at a wavelength of 800 nm with pulse durations in the range from 50 to 2000 fs. We found a strong, monotonic decrease of the laser fluence needed for complete ablation of the dielectric layer with decreasing pulse duration. The threshold fluence for 100% ablation probability decreased from 750 mJ/cm² at 2 ps to 480 mJ/cm² at 50 fs. Significant corruption of the opened Si surface has been observed above ∼1200 mJ/cm², independent of pulse duration. By a detailed analysis of the experimental series the values for melting and breaking thresholds are obtained; the physical mechanisms responsible for the significant dependence on the laser pulse duration are discussed.     

Statistical modelling of the backscattered field in a one-dimensional non-stationary stochastic problem

Within the framework of an exact wave approach in the spatial-time domain, the one-dimensional stochastic problem of sound pulse scattering by a layered random medium is considered. On the basis of a unification of methods which has been developed by the authors, previously applied to the investigation of non-stationary deterministic wave problems and stochastic stationary wave problems, an analytical-numerical simulation of the behaviour of the backscattered field stochastic characteristics was carried out. Several forms of incident pulses and signals are analysed. We assume that random fluctuations of a medium are described by virtue of the Gaussian Markov process with an exponential correlation function. The most important parameters appearing in the problem are discussed; namely, the time scales of diffusion, pulse durations, the medium layer thickness or the largest observation time scale in comparison with the time scale of one correlation length for the case of a half-space. An exact pattern of the pulse backscattering processes is obtained. It is illustrated by the behaviour of the backscattered field statistical moments for all observation times which are of interest. It is shown that during the time interval when the main part of the pulse energy leaves the medium, the backscattered field is a substantially non-stationary process, having a non-zero mean value and an average intensity that decays according to a power law. There are various power indices for the different duration incident pulses, however, they are not the same as those of previous papers, which were obtained on the basis of an approximate and asymptotic analysis. We have also verified that the Gaussian law is valid for the probability density function of the backscattered field in the case of any incident pulse duration.     

Monte Carlo simulation of the interaction between an ultra-short pulse and a strongly scattering medium: The case of large particles

Simulations of the transmission of a short light pulse (50 fs) through a strongly scattering medium constituted by water droplets (50-150 μm diameter) are presented. Temporal emerging signals are computed using a Monte Carlo technique. In case of large particles with respect to the pulse duration, the time delay related to the interaction between light and individual particles has to be taken into account, in addition to the time delay related to the travel of light between particles. After careful comparisons with temporal Lorenz-Mie theory, it has been chosen to pre-calculate scattering characteristics of individual droplets using Debye series. Transmitted signals in forward direction and in a small temporal window (0-400 fs) are presented, showing that temporal information on particle size are still observable facing strongly scattering media.     

Dynamics of an optical signal in a multimode waveguide structure

A mathematical model of linear dynamic distortions of average signal power in a planar optical waveguide stemming from the intermodal coupling and dispersion of waveguide modes caused by macroscopic bends and irregularities of the optical waveguide surface has been developed on the basis of pulse intermodal scattering matrix. It is shown that the elements of this matrix are determined at a waveguide segment whose length greatly exceeds the correlation scale of the field of irregularities but is much smaller than the normalization length of waveguide modes and are described by rectangular functions with a duration proportional to the relative velocity of the corresponding modes. The dependences of the pulse intermodal scattering matrix on the intensities of absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and optical signal scattering from waveguide irregularities have been established. It is shown that, at waveguide lengths exceeding the normalization length, the optical signal shape becomes almost stable and can be expressed in terms of the pulse characteristic of an integrating circuit. It has been established that irregularities of the film in a bent optical waveguide lead not only to additional attenuation but also to enhancement of multimode distortion. A matrix method is proposed for taking into account these distortions, which is based on the effect of equalization (scrambling) of the signal energy over the spectrum of the bent waveguide modes. The model developed was used to process the experimental data on the dynamics of a signal in a weakly guiding multimode polymer optical fiber in order to estimate the parameters of attenuation and irregularities of the waveguide surface.     

Effect of water temperature on pulse duration and energy of stimulated Brillouin scattering

The water temperature has a strong effect on the kinematic viscosity, which is inversely proportional to the phonon lifetime and the gain coefficient. The higher the temperature is, the smaller the kinematic viscosity is, and the larger the phonon lifetime is. At a low pump power and a short focal length, we can derive a single-peak stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) pulse. The duration of this single-peak SBS pulse depends mainly on the phonon lifetime of water. With the increase of the water temperature, the duration of such a single-peak SBS pulse will become longer, and the SBS energy will become higher for the gain coefficient, which is related to the phonon lifetime. Therefore, varying the medium temperature can lead to the changes of SBS pulse duration and SBS energy.     

The optical limitation effect and features of luminescence kinetics in hybrid nanosystems with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and organic agents

The optical limitation effect in three-component systems formed in colloidal solutions of semiconductor CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with participation of fullerene C₆₀ and perylene, has been experimentally investigated. The first and second harmonics of a YAG:Nd³⁺ laser operating in the single-shot mode with a pulse duration of 7 ns and laser pulses subjected to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)-stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) compression with a duration of about 20 ps near 560 nm have been used as radiation sources. It is shown that the optical limitation efficiency in the systems studied is determined by electron transfer. This is confirmed by the analysis of luminescence quenching.     

强激光驱动高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究进展

高能自旋极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线在高能物理、实验室天体物理与核物理等领域有十分重要的应用.近年来随着超短超强激光脉冲技术的快速发展,利用强激光与物质相互作用的非线性康普顿散射和多光子Breit-Wheeler过程为制备高极化度、高束流密度的高能极化粒子束提供了新的可能.本文对基于强激光产生高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究成果进行简要回顾,并介绍了这些方法的基本物理原理和主要结果.     

液芯波导中受激动力学散射与受激拉曼散射的竞争

研究了液芯波导中受激拉曼散射和受激动力学散射的阈值随泵浦激光脉宽的变化，发现受激动力学散射的阈值随泵浦脉冲前沿增长率增大而下降。研究了受激动力学散射和受激拉曼散射的竞争，结果表明受激动力学散射可分解为两种成分，其中与瞬态泵浦功率密度增长率相关的成分在大于阈值的泵浦脉冲前沿处于竞争优势，与瞬态泵浦功率密度相关的成分在高泵浦功率密度处于竞争优势，并讨论了其相应的机制。