冷原子吸收光谱法测汞吹气装置的改进

在用冷原子吸收 (或冷原子荧光 )光谱法测定样品中微量汞时 ,通常采用的方法是将处理好的样品加入吹气装置中 ,加氯化亚锡将汞离子还原为汞原子 ,然后用吹气的方法将汞蒸气吹出 ,再用原子吸收的方法进行测定。例如在ＧＢ - 74 68方法中对于吹气过程作出如下的规定 :取出还原器吹气头 ,逐个吸取试样或空白溶液 10 .0 0ｍｌ,加入 2 0 0ｇ·Ｌ- 1氯化亚锡溶液 1ｍｌ,迅速插入吹气头 ,将三通活塞旋至进样端 ,使载气通入汞还原器 ;……。实践表明 ,这种吹气装置存在下列缺点 :①加入氯化亚锡时要将吹气头拔出 ,样品液直接暴露于大气中 ,汞蒸气有…     

用于化妆品的固体进样-半定量汞速测仪的研制

研制了基于汞(Hg)和碘化亚铜(CuI)显色反应的固体直接进样半定量汞速测装置,由催化加热炉、测汞管、空气泵和拍照组件构成。采用101白色担体作为CuI的吸附剂,通过固体直接进样方式导入化妆品样品,既可肉眼辨识Hg超标的显色强度,又可利用智能手机的摄像和RGB分析软件快速半定量分析化妆品中Hg含量。此装置对Hg的检出限为50 ng,线性范围为50~2500 ng,线性回归系数(R~2)0.97,重复测定RGB值的RSD为6%(n=11)。对化妆品实际样品的测定结果表明,本研究的仪器方法与《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015版)中汞分析仪法所得结果的相对偏差≤10%,分析时间在5 min内,方法快捷、方便、准确、直观,可用于化妆品中Hg的现场快速筛查。     

非扩散性三光束冷原子吸收法直接测定大米中的汞

基于热解-催化还原-冷原子吸收法原理,采用直接进样测汞法测定大米中的汞含量。稻米样品经脱壳、粉碎、研磨后过孔径为0.425 mm的筛,称取一定质量的样品置于样品舟内,样品经干燥、分解、催化、汞齐化富集,生成的汞蒸汽由氧气导入冷原子吸收器,在波长253.7 nm处检测,用标准曲线法定量。汞的质量在0～200.0 ng的范围内与吸光度峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.014 8μg/kg。样品加标回收率为92.6%～101.8%,大米样品和大米粉中汞成分分析标准物质测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为2.8、2.4(n=6)。该方法简单、快捷,无需样品前处理过程,可作为大米中汞的检测方法。     

DMA-80直接测汞仪测定肥料样品中总汞含量

选择6个化学肥料样品和6个有机肥料样品,利用DMA-80直接测汞仪对肥料中的总汞进行了测定。对同一样品添加3种不同汞浓度汞标准溶液,每组3次重复,测定加标回收率在96.6%~104%;DMA-80直接测汞仪与原子荧光光谱法测定结果之间无显著差异;在实验过程中每个肥料样品利用测汞仪直接进样测定6组平行样,相对标准偏差小于5.0%;根据多次测定空白数据结果计算方法检出限为0.0137 ng。利用DMA-80测汞仪测定肥料中汞含量的方法具有操作简单、快速高效、检出限低等优点,可用于批量肥料样品中汞含量的快速测定分析。     

全自动汞分析系统在土壤总汞测定中的应用

应用Hydra C全自动汞分析系统对土壤中总汞量的测定进行了研究。土壤样品经研磨并通过孔径0.15mm筛。称取一定量的样品(0.1g)置于样舟中,直接由氧气(载气)自动送入仪器的热解炉中,经干燥(300℃),热解(800℃)和催化还原(600℃)后进入金汞齐化器选择性吸收汞。然后加热汞齐释出汞蒸气,通过吸收池,用原子吸收光谱法在波长253.65nm处测得其吸收值。采用土壤标准物质由仪器自动制备汞含量在30.0ng以内以及30.0~300.0ng范围内的高、低浓度两条标准曲线。用2个含汞样品进行分析,得到测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.0%。在无样品及称有0.1g样品条件下,分别进行10次测定,测得仪器和方法的检出限(3s)依次为0.022,0.082ng。对7件土壤样品分别用本法与原子荧光光谱法测定其汞量,经t检验法检验,表明两组数据间无显著差异。     

热解吸收-冷原子荧光光谱法测定水泥中痕量汞

将热解吸收技术应用于冷原子荧光光谱法测定水泥样品中痕量汞含量。采用自制的石英管加热550℃处理样品,用0.01mol·L-1高锰酸钾溶液作为吸收液吸收释放出的汞蒸气,用盐酸羟胺还原过量的高锰酸钾后直接进样测定。试验中优化了仪器的工作参数和试验条件。分析中采用载气及屏蔽气的流量依次为400mL.min-1及1 000mL.min-1。荧光强度与汞的质量浓度在2μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3σ)为0.020μg·L-1。应用此法分析土壤标准样品(GBW 07405),测定值(0.30μg.g-1)与证书值(0.29±0.03μg.g-1)相符;方法用于测定水泥中汞含量,加标回收率在97.0%～107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～4.1%之间。     

环境样品中苯系物的溶剂蒸气吹扫-吸收GC-MS分析法

建立了一种简易而有效的溶剂蒸气吹扫 -吸收样品处理技术 ,适用于分离富集复杂水样和固体/半固体样品中苯系物等挥发性有机物。样品在汽提装置中被含有有机溶剂蒸气(CH2Cl2 或CS2)的氮气流处理 ,进入洗脱气流的挥发性有机物用有机溶剂(CH2Cl2 或CS2)吸收。样品处理过程不存在乳化问题 ,样品有机溶液可直接用于GC -MS分析。苯系物检出限为0.05μg/L或0.1×10-9 。     

固体进样直接测定法测定铜精矿中汞

建立了固体进样直接测定法测定铜精矿中汞含量的方法。铜精矿样品在测汞仪的分解炉中经300℃干燥和750℃高温热分解后,汞被催化分解为汞原子,于850℃齐化成金汞齐。汞蒸气被氧气流带入单波长光学吸收池,在波长253.7 nm处测量汞的吸光度,采用标准曲线法计算汞量。方法的线性范围分别为0~1.00,0~100μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.9999,检出限分别为0.10,0.04 ng/g。5个汞含量不同的铜精矿样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.14%~4.35%(n=11),样品加标回收率为92.00%~104.02%。采用该方法分别对2个铜精矿样品和铜精矿国际标准物质进行测定,测定结果与标准分析方法测定值和标准物质标示值基本一致。该方法简便、快速、准确,可以作为标准方法推广使用。     

固体进样-冷原子吸收法测定食用明胶中的微量汞

样品直接置于石英舟中,在高纯氧气氛中燃烧,释放出的汞与齐化管中的金形成金汞齐,于900℃加热释放出汞蒸气,用冷原子吸收法测定汞的含量。方法的检出限为0.003 ng,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.13%(n=6),加标回收率为90.5%~97.0%,并用标准样品对方法进行了确证。该方法具有良好的精密度与准确度,适用于明胶中微量汞的测定。     

DMA-80测汞仪直接测定固体样品中的汞

利用DMA-80测汞仪直接测定固体样品中的汞,采用升温加热直接进行热分解、金汞齐反应,采用长、短双检测池,可直接测定固体、液体样品,汞含量在0.n~600.0ng/g范围内的样品都能准确地测定,每个样品测定时间约为5min。测定结果证明方法具有可靠性。     

Determination of traces of mercury using radioactive zinc dithizonate as a reagent

A radioreagent method for the analysis of traces of mercury using radioactive zinc dithizonate as the reagent has been developed. As small as 0,2 μg of mercury can be determined using this technique. Possible interferences from most of the metals which displace zinc from zinc dithizonate can be removed by a simple separation procedure. The method was tested by analyzing the NBS reference standard SRM 1064 and our value was found to be in agreement with the value certified by NBS. This paper was presented at the South-East and South-West ACS Regional Meeting, Memphis, Tenn., October 29–31, 1975.     

Evaluation by activation analysis of elemental retention in biological samples after low temperature ashing

Low temperature ashing is a convenient first step in many procedures of analytical chemistry as well as a potential processing method for storing environmental samples for extended periods of time. Using activation analysis, it is shown in a number of NBS Standard Reference Materials that of some 40 elements studied, the only elements observed to be lost were osmium, mercury and halogens along with carbon. No contamination during the ashing process was detected.     

Determination of indium,copper and nickel in glassmaking materials and NBS standard reference materials by substoichiometric radioactivation analysis

The paper describes a method of radioactivation analysis for the determination of indium, copper and nickel. In the determination of indium, ordinary and displacement substoichiometries were applied for glassmaking materials while ordinary substoichiometry was applied for NBS standard reference materials. Copper and nickel in glassmaking materials and NBS standard reference materials were also determined by the displacement and ordinary substoichiometries. Indium contents in glassmaking materials by the two methods agreed with each other. The analytical results of indium, copper and nickel in NBS' SRM were also in good agreement with published values and certified values by NBS.     

Evaluation of N-bromosuccinimide as a new analytical reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics

Analytical studies were carried out, for the first time, to evaluate the use of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as an analytical reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of eleven therapeutically important fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQA). The procedures involved the reaction of the FQA with NBS and subsequent measurement of the excess NBS by its reaction with p-phenylenediamine (PDA) to give a violet colored product that was measured at 530 nm. Different variables affecting the reaction (concentration of NBS, concentration of PDA, pH of reaction medium, reaction time, and the diluting solvents) were carefully studied and optimized. The molar ratio and mechanism of the reaction between each of the studied FQA with NBS were proposed using UV-vis, IR, and NMR techniques. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the analytical method was developed and validated. Beer's law was obeyed in the general concentration range of 3-25 microg/ml. The assay limits of detection and quantitation were 0.33-1.29 and 1.10-4.31 microg/ml, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the investigated FQA in their pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms without interference from the common excipients (label claim values were 99.85-100.17+/-0.13-0.59%). Interference from ascorbic acid, that is co-formulated as a stabilizer for the ampoule form, was avoided by its pre-oxidation with potassium bromate before applying the analytical procedure. The results obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by the official and reported methods.     

电热蒸发-直接进样-冷原子吸收光谱法测定土壤以及沉积物中汞

采用传统分析仪器测定汞元素,需要对样品进行化学消解,存在操作繁杂、效率低以及易交叉污染等问题。故建立了电热蒸发-直接进样-HGA-100测汞仪测定土壤以及沉积物中汞的方法,无需对样品进行化学前处理,降低环境污染。通过优化HGA-100测汞仪参数条件,汞质量浓度在0~20ng以及20~200ng,相关系数优于0.998,准确称量样品0.05g(精确至0.000 1g),方法检出限为0.5μg/kg,相对标准偏差1.6%~4.6%,加标回收率在90.1%~100%。方法用于对土壤和沉积物标准物质测定,结果与标准值相符。方法高效、准确,可用于测定土壤以及沉积物中的汞。     

Substoichiometric determination of phosphorus

Phosphorus in orchard leaves (NBS SRM-1571) and spinach (SRM-1570) was determined by various substoichiometric analytical methods such as the direct method, GRASHCHENKO's method and the method of carrier amount variation. All samples were labelled with³²P radioisotope. The data obtained by the method of carrier amount variation were also treated by the method of least squares instead of De VOE's method. Phosphorus concentration in orchard leaves was 0.206±0.011% by the direct method, 0.219±0.011% by GRASHCHENKO's method, 0.211±0.011% by the method of carrier amount variation and 0.207±0.007% by the method of least squares, respectively. These values agree with the value reported by NBS (0.21±0.01%). Furthermore, these concentrations obtained by various substoichiometric methods were compared with those by radioactivation reported in a prevoius paper.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中的汞

本文提出的在聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中测定汞的方法是将样品溶解在苯中，以Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３溶液反洗出汞，利用反洗液中Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３作基体改进剂，石墨炉原子吸收法测定汞，方法简便，快速，特征量为８０ｐｇ／０．００４４Ａ。本法分析样品与冷原子荧光法的结果一致，相对标准偏差≤８％，回收率９２％－１０２％。     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of acetaminophen with N-bromosuccinimide

A simple, sensitive, and selective method for determination of acetaminophen based on its oxidation using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to produce a highly fluorescent product. Optimization of reaction variables was carried out concerning NBS concentration, pH, temperature, reaction time, and stability time. Under optimal analytical conditions, the fluorescent intensity was measured at lambda emission. 442 nm (excitation at lambda 330 nm). The linearity range is 120-800 ng/mL with lower detection limit of 33.6 ng/mL acetaminophen. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the compound in pharmaceutical preparations, with average recovery of 100.3 +/- 2%. The method was also applied successfully to the determination of the drug in spiked plasma samples, with an average recovery of 101.2 +/- 1%. Interference effects of some compounds, present in combination with acetaminophen, were studied and the tolerance limits of these compounds were determined.     

Determination of multielement in optical waveguide and standard reference materials by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Trace amounts of transition elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and V) and other seven elements in optical waveguide samples were determined by INAA. The contents of impurities in ultra-pure materials are less than those of high-purity materials and of G.R. grade. The increase of contamination of trace transition elements and iridium from furnace or crucible are observed in the production of optical glass fibers. Up to seventeen elements were determined in five NBS biological standard reference materials: Oyster Tissue: SRM-1566, Brewers Yeast: SRM-1569, Spinach: SRM-1570, Orchard Leaves: SRM-1571 and Tuna Fish, and in four Japanese biological standard reference materials: Tea Leaves B&C, Pepperbush and Shark Meat. The analytical results in NBS and Japanese standard reference materials are in good agreement with published values and certified values by NBS.     

Trace determination of iron,cobalt, nickel and copper in zirconium fluoride by substoichiometric radioactivation analysis

Trace amounts of transition elements (Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) in zirconium fluoride and NBS SRM's were determined by substoichiometric radioactivation analysis. The contents of impurities in sublimed sample were less than those of high-purity material and of reagent grade. The detection limits of these elements in zirconium fluoride were 10 ng/g for iron, 0.01 ng/g for cobalt, 1 ng/g for nickel and 0.1 ng/g for copper. The analytical results for iron, cobalt, nickel and copper in NBS SRM's were in good agreement with certified values.