Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of tribenzylphosphine rhodium and iridium complexes

New rhodium and iridium complexes, with the formula [MCl(PBz₃)(cod)] [M = Rh (1), Ir (2)] and [M(PBz₃)₂(cod)]PF₆ [M = Rh (3), Ir (4)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), stabilized by the tribenzylphosphine ligand (PBz₃) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The addition of pyridine to a methanol solution of 1or 2, followed by metathetical reaction with NH₄PF₆, gave the corresponding derivatives [M(py)(PBz₃)(cod)]PF₆ [M = Rh (5), Ir (6)]. At room temperature in CHCl₃ solution, 4 converted spontaneously to the ortho-metallated complex [IrH(PBz₃)(cod){η²-P,C-(C₆H₄CH₂)PBz₂}]PF₆ (7) as a mixture of cis/trans isomers via intramolecular C-H activation of a benzylic phenyl ring. The reaction of 3 or 4 with hydrogen in coordinating solvents gave the dihydrido bis(solvento) derivative [M(H)₂(S)₂(PBz₃)₂]PF₆ (M = Rh, Ir; S = acetone, acetonitrile, THF), that transformed into the corresponding dicarbonyls [M(H)₂(CO)₂(PBz₃)₂]PF₆ by treatment with CO. Analogous cis-dihydrido complexes [M(H)₂(THF)₂(py)(PBz₃)₂]PF₆ (M = Rh, Ir) were observed by reaction of the py derivatives 5 and 6 with H₂.     

Exploring the reactivity of an N-pyrazole, P-phosphine hybrid ligand with Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) precursors

The reactivity of (3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyldiphenylphosphine (L) hybrid ligand against Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) has been assayed and compounds [Cu(L)₂](PF₆) (1), [Ag(L)]₂(PF₆)₂·2C₂H₄Cl₂·2C₄H₁₀O (2) and [AuCl(L)]₂ (3) have been isolated and fully characterised. A fully characterisation by analytical and spectroscopic methods of 1-3 are presented and X-ray crystal structures of 1 and 2 are also reported. The similar data obtained between 2 and 3 permits to do a serious purpose of the structure of 3 in solid and solution.     

Increasing the antibacterial activity of gallium(III) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa upon coordination to pyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones

Reaction of N(4)-phenyl-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (H2Fo4Ph), N(4)-phenyl-2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (H2Ac4Ph) and N(4)-phenyl-2-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (H2Bz4Ph) with gallium nitrate gave [Ga(H2Fo4Ph)₂](NO₃)₃ (1), [Ga(2Ac4Ph)₂]NO₃ (2) and [Ga(2Bz4Ph)₂]NO₃ (3). In all complexes coordination of the thiosemicarbazone via the N_py–N–S chelating system occurs. In 1 the thiosemicarbazone acts as a neutral ligand while in 2 and 3 the ligand is anionic. Upon slow diffusion of 2 in DMSO [Ga(2Ac4Ph)₂]NO₃·DMSO (2a) was formed. The crystal structure of 2a was determined. Upon coordination the antibacterial activity of both gallium and thiosemicarbazones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increases.     

Correlation between crystal symmetry and the splitting of d orbital in the thiocyanate nickel(II) complexes

New [Ni(SCN)₂(L)_4/2] complexes, where L = py (1), γ-pic (2), pyCH₂OH (3), py(CH₂)₃OH (4) were synthesized in simple reactions of NiCl₂·6H₂O with ammonia thiocyanate and pyridine type ligands in methanol solutions. Blue crystals of [Ni(SCN)₂(py)₄] (1), [Ni(SCN)₂(pyCH₂OH)₂] (3) and [Ni(SCN)₂(py(CH₂)₃OH)₂] (4) crystallize in the monoclinic system, blue crystal of [Ni(SCN)₂(γ-pic)₄] (2) – in the tetragonal one, and red crystal of [Ni(SCN)₂(PPh₃)₂] (5) – in the triclinic one. The ligands of complexes (1) and (3) were indicated as rather strong π-acceptors while that of complex (4) one has some π-donor properties. When the aliphatic chain (CH₂) elongates in the sequence: (1), (3) and (4), an increase in the orbital contribution to the magnetic moment and a decrease in the 10Dq value of the d orbital splitting are related to the change of the point group symmetry from D_2h, via D_2v to C_2h.     

Hexapalladium cluster: Unique cluster construction reaction of cyclic Pd3(CNC6H3Me2-2,6)6 and linear [Pd3(CNC6H3Me2-2,6)8]

Reaction of a triangle Pd(0) complex, Pd₃(CNXyl)₆ (1; Xyl = 2,6-C₆H₃Me₂), with a dicationic linear trinuclear complex [Pd₃(CNXyl)₈][PF₆]₂ (3) afforded a dicationic hexapalladium complex [Pd₆(CNXyl)₁₂][PF₆]₂ (4), while the reaction of 1 with a dicationic dinuclear complex [Pd₂(CNXyl)₆][PF₆]₂ (2) resulted in the formation of 3. The molecular structure of the complex 4 was determined by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic analysis.     

Interaction of copper(II) and palladium(II) with linked 2,2′-dipyridylamine derivatives: Synthetic and structural studies

Interaction of copper(II) salts with 2,2′-dipyridylamine (1), N-cyclohexylmethyl-2,2′-dipyridylamine (2), di-2-pyridylaminomethylbenzene (3), 1,2-bis(di-2-pyridylaminomethyl)-benzene (4), 1,3-bis(di-2-pyridylaminomethyl)benzene (5), 1,4-bis(di-2-pyridylaminomethyl)benzene (6), 1,3,5-tris(di-2-pyridylaminomethyl)benzene (7) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(di-2-pyridylaminomethyl)benzene (8) has yielded the following complexes: [Cu(2)(μ-Cl)Cl]₂, [Cu(3)(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ · H₂O, [Cu₂(4)(NO₃)₄], [Cu₂(5)(NO₃)₄] · 2CH₃OH, [Cu₂(6)(CH₃OH)₂(NO₃)₄], [Cu₄(8)](NO₃)₄] · 4H₂O while complexation of palladium(II) with 1, 4, 5 and 6 gave [Pd(1)₂](PF₆)₂ · 2CH₃OH, [Pd₂(4)Cl₄], [Pd₂(4)(OAc)₄], [Pd₂(5)Cl₄], [Pd₂(6)Cl₄] and [Pd₂(6)(OAc)₄] · CH₂Cl₂, respectively. X-ray structures of [Cu(2)(μ-Cl)Cl]₂, [Cu(3)(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ · 2C₂H₅OH, [Cu₂(6)(CH₃OH)₂(NO₃)₄], [Pd(1)₂](PF₆)₂ · 2CH₃OH, [Pd₂(4)(OAc)₄] · 4H₂O and [Pd₂(6)(OAc)₄] · 2CH₂Cl₂ are reported. In part, the inherent flexibility of the respective ligands has resulted in the adoption of a diverse range of coordination geometries and lattice arrangements, with the structures of [Pd₂(4)(OAc)₄] · 4H₂O and [Pd₂(6)(OAc)₄] · 2CH₂Cl₂, incorporating the isomeric ligands 4 and 6, showing some common features. Liquid–liquid (H₂O/CHCl₃) extraction experiments involving copper(II) and 1–3, 5, 7and 8 show that the degree of extraction depends markedly on the number of dpa-subunits (and concomitant lipophilicity) of the ligand employed with the tetrakis-dpa derivative 8 acting as the most efficient extractant of the six ligand systems investigated.     

Synthesis, characterization, and structural study of iron-sulfur core {Cp2Fe2(μ-SEt)2} complexes

The known complexes [Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(MeCN)₂](PF₆)₂ (1) and Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(CN)₂ (2) are prepared to investigate their reactivity. The reaction of complex 2 with equimolar amounts of MeOTf yields a monomethylation product [Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(CN)(CNMe)](OTf) (3). Dimethylation of complex 2 by 2 equiv. MeOTf gives a complex [Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(CNMe)₂](OTf)₂ (4). Complex 1 containing two labile MeCN ligands reacts with several bidentate phosphine ligands, such as dppm, dppa, and dppf, to afford complexes [Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(dppm)](PF₆)₂ (5), [Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(dppa)](PF₆)₂ (6), and [Cp₂Fe₂(μ-SEt)₂(dppf)](PF₆)₂ (7), respectively. The spectroscopic, electrochemical, and reactivity studies of iron-sulfur core complexes are performed. The structures of complexes 1-7 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.     

Structural and spectral studies on manganese(II) complexes of di-2-pyridyl ketone N(4)-methyl and N(4)-ethyl thiosemicarbazones

Four manganese(II) complexes of di-2-pyridyl ketone N(4)-methyl (HDpyMeTsc) and N(4)-ethyl thiosemicarbazones (HDpyETsc) were synthesized and physico-chemically characterized by means of partial elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, electronic, infrared and EPR spectral studies. The complexes are represented as [Mn(DpyMeTsc)₂] (1), [Mn(HDpyMeTsc)Cl₂] (2), [Mn(HDpyMeTsc)₂](ClO₄)₂ · H₂O (3) and [Mn(DpyETsc)₂] · 2H₂O (4). The crystal structure of [Mn(DpyMeTsc)₂] was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes into a monoclinic lattice with P2₁/n space group. Manganese(II) exists in a distorted octahedral geometry in the complex.     

Novel hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate ruthenium(II) complexes containing the water-soluble phosphane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane: Synthesis and evaluation of DNA binding properties

A series of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes containing κ³(N,N,N)-hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate (κ³(N,N,N)-Tp) and the water-soluble phosphane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) [RuX{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(PPh₃)_2−n(PTA)_n] (n = 2, X = Cl (1), n = 1, X = Cl (2), I (3), NCS (4), H (5)) and [Ru{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(PPh₃)(PTA)L][PF₆] (L = NCMe (6), PTA (7)) have been synthesized. Complexes containing 1-methyl-3,5-diaza-1-azonia-7-phosphaadamantane(m-PTA) triflate [RuCl{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(m-PTA)₂][CF₃SO₃]₂ (8) and [RuX{κ³(N,N,N)-Tp}(PPh₃)(m-PTA)][CF₃SO₃] (X = Cl (9), H (10)) have been obtained by treatment, respectively, of complexes 1, 2 and 5 with methyl triflate. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for complexes 1, 2 and 4 have been carried out. DNA binding properties by using a mobility shift assay and antimicrobial activity of selected complexes have been evaluated.     

Half sandwich complexes of Ru(II) and complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) with seleno and thio derivatives of pyrrolidine: Synthesis, structure and applications as catalysts for organic reactions

The reactions of PhSe⁻, PhS⁻ and Se²⁻ with N-{2-(chloroethyl)}pyrrolidine result in N-{2-(phenylseleno)ethyl}pyrrolidine (L1), N-{2-(phenylthio)ethyl}pyrrolidine (L2), and bis{2-pyrrolidene-N-yl)ethyl selenide (L3), respectively, which have been explored as ligands. The complexes [PdCl₂(L1/L2)] (1/7), [PtCl₂(L1/L2)] (2/8), [RuCl(η⁶-C₆H₆)(L1/L2)][PF₆] (3/9), [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)(L1/L2)][PF₆] (4/10), [RuCl(η⁶-p-cymene)(NH₃)₂][PF₆] (5) and [Ru(η⁶-p-cymene)(L1)(CH₃CN)][PF₆]₂·CH₃CN (6) have been synthesized. The L1-L3 and complexes were found to give characteristic NMR (Proton, Carbon-13 and Se-77). The crystal structures of complexes 1, 3-6, 9 and 10 have been solved. The Pd-Se and Ru-Se bond lengths have been found to be 2.353(2) and 2.480(11)/2.4918(9)/2.4770(5) Å, respectively. The complexes 1 and 7 have been explored for catalytic Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The value of TON has been found up to 85 000 with the advantage of catalyst’s stability under ambient conditions. The efficiency of 1 is marginally better than 7. The Ru-complexes 3 and 9 are good for catalytic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols in CH₂Cl₂ in the presence of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO). The TON value varies between 8.0 × 10⁴ and 9.7 × 10⁴ for this oxidation. The 3 is somewhat more efficient catalyst than 9.     

Mono and dinuclear half-sandwich platinum group metal complexes bearing pyrazolyl-pyrimidine ligands: Syntheses and structural studies

Reactions of 0.5 eq. of the dinuclear complexes [(η⁶-arene)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ (arene = η⁶-C₆H₆, η⁶-p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me) and [(Cp∗)M(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ (M = Rh, Ir; Cp∗ = η⁵-C₅Me₅) with 4,6-disubstituted pyrazolyl-pyrimidine ligands (L) viz. 4,6-bis(pyrazolyl)pyrimidine (L1), 4,6-bis(3-methyl-pyrazolyl)pyrimidine (L2), 4,6-bis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazolyl)pyrimidine (L3) lead to the formation of the cationic mononuclear complexes [(η⁶-C₆H₆)Ru(L)Cl]⁺ (L = L1, 1; L2, 2; L3, 3), [(η⁶-p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me)Ru(L)Cl]⁺ (L = L1, 4; L2, 5; L3, 6), [(Cp∗)Rh(L)Cl]⁺ (L = L1, 7; L2, 8; L3, 9) and [(Cp∗)Ir(L)Cl]⁺ (L = L1, 10; L2, 11; L3, 12), while reactions with 1.0 eq. of the dinuclear complexes [(η⁶-arene)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ and [(Cp∗)M(μ-Cl)Cl]₂ give rise to the dicationic dinuclear complexes [{(η⁶-C₆H₆)RuCl}₂(L)]²⁺ (L = L1, 13; L2, 14; L3, 15), [{(η⁶-p-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me)RuCl}₂(L)]²⁺ (L = L1, 16; L2, 17; L3, 18), [{(Cp∗)RhCl}₂(L)]²⁺ (L = L1, 19; L2, 20; L3, 21) and [{(Cp∗)IrCl}₂(L)]²⁺ (L = L1 22; L2, 23; L3 24). The molecular structures of [3]PF₆, [6]PF₆, [7]PF₆ and [18](PF₆)₂ have been established by single crystal X-ray structure analysis.     

Nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes with N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl)-2-aminobenzimidazole (BzTz): Synthesis,spectral and structural characterization

The reaction of nickel and zinc chlorides and nitrates with the ligand N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl)-2-aminobenzimidazole (BzTz) leads to the formation of the new complexes: [NiCl₂(BzTz)₂] (1), [Ni(NO₃)(BzTz)₂(H₂O)₃](NO₃) (2), [ZnCl₂(BzTz)₂] (3) and [Zn(NO₃)₂(BzTz)₂] (4). They have been characterized by spectroscopic methods (electronic, infrared and NMR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Additionally, the crystal structures of the complexes 1 and 3 have been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The ligand exhibits the N-benzimidazole coordination mode on interacting with the metal centers. The X-ray structure of the complexes 1 and 3 reveals a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry around the metal center, with the metallic atoms coordinated to two chlorine atoms and two benzimidazole nitrogen atoms. These two complexes are isostructural, crystallizing in the monoclinic system and Cc space group. In complex 2 the geometry around the nickel atom could be described as a distorted octahedron whereas in case of complex 4 the zinc atom is in a distorted tetrahedral environment.     

Synthesis,characterization and antimicrobial activity of Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes with N′,N′-bis[(1E)-1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]propanedihydrazide. Crystal structures of two highly solvated bimetallic complexes of Ni(II)

The bimetallic [Ni₂(H₂L2)₂](ClO₄)₄ (1), [Ni₂(HL2)(H₂L2)](ClO₄)₃ (2) and [Zn₂(H₂L2)₂](BF₄)₄ (3) complexes (H₂L2 = N′,N′²-bis[(1E)-1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]propanedihydrazide) were synthesized and characterized. The structure of complexes (1) and (2) was established by X-ray analysis. NMR spectroscopy was used for the characterization of complex (3). The complexes (1) and (2) were obtained from the same synthetic reaction and two crystal types of these complexes have been isolated during the fractional crystallization process.     

Nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of N-substituted di(2-picolyl)amine derivatives: Synthetic and structural studies

The interaction of di(2-picolyl)amine (1) and its secondary N-substituted derivatives, N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (2), N-(4-carboxymethyl-benzyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (3), N-(4-carboxybenzyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (4), N-(1-naphthylmethyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (5), N-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (6), 1,4-bis[di(2-picolyl)aminomethyl]benzene (7), 1,3-bis[di(2-picolyl)aminomethyl]benzene (8) and 2,4,6-tris[di(2-picolyl)amino]triazine (9) with Ni(II) and/or Zn(II) nitrate has resulted in the isolation of [Ni(1)(NO₃)₂], [Ni(2)(NO₃)₂], [Ni(3)(NO₃)₂], [Ni(4)(NO₃)₂]·CH₃CN, [Ni(5)(NO₃)₂], [Ni(6)(NO₃)₂], [Ni₂(7)(NO₃)₄], [Ni₂(8)(NO₃)₄], [Ni₃(9)(NO₃)₆]·3H₂O, [Zn(3)(NO₃)₂]·0.5CH₃OH, [Zn(5)(NO₃)₂], [Zn(6)(NO₃)₂], [Zn(8)(NO₃)₂] and [Zn₂(9)(NO₃)₄]·0.5H₂O. X-ray structures of [Ni(4)(NO₃)₂]·CH₃CN, [Ni(6)(NO₃)₂] and [Zn(5)(NO₃)₂] have been obtained. Both nickel complexes exhibit related distorted octahedral coordination geometries in which 4 and 6 are tridentate and bound meridionally via their respective N₃-donor sets, with the remaining coordination positions in each complex occupied by a monodentate and a bidentate nitrato ligand. For [Ni(4)(NO₃)₂]·CH₃CN, intramolecular hydrogen bond interactions are present between the carboxylic OH group on one complex and the oxygen of a monodentate nitrate on an adjacent complex such that the complexes are linked in chains which are in turn crosslinked by intermolecular offset π-π stacking between pyridyl rings in adjacent chains. In the case of [Ni(6)(NO₃)₂], two weak CH?O hydrogen bonds are present between the axial methylene hydrogen atoms on one complex and the oxygen of a monodentate nitrate ligand on a second unit such that four hydrogen bonds link pairs of complexes; in addition, an extensive series of π-π stacking interactions link individual complex units throughout the crystal lattice. The X-ray structure of [Zn(5)(NO₃)₂] shows that the metal centre once again has a distorted six-coordinated geometry, with the N₃-donor set of N-(1-naphthylmethyl)-di(2-picolyl)amine (5) coordinating in a meridional fashion and the remaining coordination positions occupied by a monodentate and a bidentate nitrato ligand. The crystal lattice is stabilized by weak intermolecular interactions between oxygens on the bound nitrato ligands and aromatic CH hydrogens on adjacent complexes; intermolecular π-π stacking between aromatic rings is also present.     

Cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) coordination compounds derived from aromatic amines

The structural and spectroscopic characterization of coordination compounds of four aromatic amines derived from benzimidazole, 2-aminobenzimidazole (L1), 1-(S-methylcarbodithioate)-2-aminobenzimidazole (L2), 2-(2-aminophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (L3) and 6,6-dimethyl-5H-benzimidazolyl[1,2-c]quinazoline (L4) are reported. Cobalt(II) [Co(L1)₂(CH₃COO)₂] (1) and nickel(II) [Ni(L1)₂(CH₃COO)₂] (2) acetate coordination compounds of L1 are discussed. The synthesis and the X-ray crystal structure of the new 1-(S-methylcarbodithioate)-2-aminobenzimidazole (L2) is informed, together with its cobalt(II) [Co(L2)₂Cl₂] (3), [Co(L2)₂Br₂] (4) and zinc(II) [Co(L2)₂Cl₂] (5), [Zn(L2)₂Br₂] (6) coordination compounds. In these compounds the imidazolic nitrogen is coordinated to the metal center, while the ArNH₂ and the S-methylcarbodithioate groups do not participate as coordination sites. A co-crystal of L1 and L2 is analyzed. Structural analyses of the coordination compounds of L3 showed that this ligand behaves as a bidentate ligand through the aniline and the imidazole groups forming six membered rings in the cobalt(II) [Co(L3)Cl₂] (7) and zinc(II) [Zn(L3)Cl₂] (8) compounds, as well as the nickel(II) nitrate [Ni(L3)₂(H₂O)₂](NO₃)₂ (9). The quinazoline L4 was produced by insertion of one acetone molecule and water elimination in L3, its X-ray crystal diffraction analysis, as well as that of its zinc(II) coordination compound [Zn(L4)₂Cl₂] (10), are discussed.     

Anion dependent formation of Ag(I) complexes of multidentate azine ligands: Synthesis and structural study

The extended structures of Ag-complexes of the azine based ligands phenyl-2-pyridyl ketone azine (L₁) and di-2-pyridyl ketone azine (L₂) are reported, and focus is made on the investigation of the influence of the anion and supramolecular interactions on the self-assembly. Using AgNO₃, AgClO₄ and CF₃COOAg salts as starting materials for both ligands in acetonitrile, we observed the formation of the dinuclear complexes [Ag₂(L₁)₂](NO₃)₂ (1a), [Ag₂(L₁)₂](ClO₄)₂ (1b), from L₁, the tetranuclear complexes [Ag₄(L₂)₂ (NO₃)(CH₃CN)₂](NO₃)₃ (2a), [Ag₄(L₂)₂(CF₃COO)₃CH₃CN](CF₃COO) (2b) and the linear chain polynuclear complex {[Ag₃(L₂)₂] (ClO₄)₃}_n (3) from L₂. The X-ray structures show that the molecular geometry depends on the choice of anion. The silver centers have distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry in all the complexes. Weak hydrogen bonding and other interactions result in 2-D and 3-D networks in these complexes.     

Alkene and alkyne insertion into the Ir-H bond: Synthesis of new mono- and dinuclear alkyl and alkenyl iridium-pybox complexes

The treatment of the complex [Ir(η²-C₂H₄)₂(L)][PF₆] (L = κ³-N,N,N-(S,S)-ⁱPr-pybox) with acetic acid (1:1 molar ratio) at −10 °C affords the complex [Ir(C₂H₅)(κ²-O,O-O₂CCH₃)(L)][PF₆] (1). The dinuclear iridium(III) complex [Ir₂(μ-Cl)₂(C₂H₅)₂(L)₂][PF₆]₂ (2) is stereoselectively obtained by spontaneous intramolecular insertion of ethylene into the iridium-hydride bond of the mononuclear complex [IrClH(η²-C₂H₄)(L)][PF₆]. The single bridging chloride dinuclear derivative [Ir₂(μ-Cl)(C₂H₅)₂Cl₂(L)₂][PF₆] (3) is prepared by reaction of 2 with one equivalent of NaCl. The intramolecular insertion reaction of methyl and ethyl propiolate into the Ir-H bond of the complex [IrClH(MeCN)(L)][PF₆] gives stereoselectively the dinuclear complexes [Ir₂(μ-Cl)₂(HCCHCO₂R)₂(L)₂][PF₆]₂ (R = Me (4), Et (5)). The reaction of the complexes 4, 5 with one equivalent of NaCl or with an excess of sodium acetate yields the dinuclear [Ir₂(μ-Cl)(HCCHCO₂R)₂Cl₂(L)₂][PF₆] (R = Me (6), Et (7)) or the mononuclear [IrCl(HCCHCO₂Et)(κ¹-O-O₂CMe)(L)] (8) complexes, respectively. The structure of the dinuclear complex 3 · CH₂Cl₂ has been determined by an X-ray monocrystal study.     

Coinage metal complexes with N’NN’ and SeNSe ligands – Pincer vs bridging coordination pattern

The reactions of the ligands 2,6-(Me₂NCH₂)₂C₅H₃N (N’NN’) (1) and 2,6-(PhSeCH₂)₂C₅H₃N (SeNSe) (4) with different coinage metal starting materials gave 1:1, 2:1 or 1:2 metal-to-ligand species, i.e. [Ag(N’NN’){O(O)CCF₃}] (2), [{Ag(PPh₃)}₂(N’NN’)](OTf)₂ (3), [Au(SeNSe)Cl]Cl₂ (5), [Ag(PPh₃)(SeNSe)](OTf) (6), [Cu(MeCN)(SeNSe)](PF₆) (7) or [Cu(SeNSe)₂](PF₆) (8). The new compounds were investigated by IR, multinuclear NMR spectroscopies as well as mass spectrometry. In most cases, the ligands 1 and 4 act as pincer ligands. An attempt to grow single crystals of 2 gave an unexpected result. The crystal investigated by X-ray diffraction proved to be a polynuclear species, [Ag₄(N’NN’){O(O)CCF₃}₄(EtOH)]_n (2a), which contains an unusual, bimetallic triconnective coordination pattern of the N’NN’ ligand. Two tetranuclear [Ag₄(N’NN’){O(O)CCF₃}₄(EtOH)] units form centrosymmetric dimers further associated into a polymer which contains four different coordination environments around silver atoms. The complex 3, in which the ligand also exhibits a bimetallic triconnective pattern, shows an intense, long-lived luminescence in the solid state with emission energies in the green region of the visible spectrum.     

Structure,biological and electrochemical studies of transition metal complexes from N,S,N′ donor ligand 8-(2-pyridinylmethylthio)quinoline

The semirigid tridentate 8-(2-pyridinylmethylthio)quinoline ligand (Q1) is shown to form the structurally characterized transition metal complexes [Cu(Q1)Cl₂] (1), [Co(Q1)(NO₃)₂] (2), [Cd(Q1)(NO₃)₂] (3), [Cd(Q1)I₂] (4). [Cu(Q1)₂](BF₄)₂·(H₂O)₂ (5), [Cu(Q1)₂](ClO₄)₂·(CH₃COCH₃)₂ (6), [Zn(Q1)₂](ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₂ (7), [Cd₂(Q1)₂Br₄] (8), [Ag₂(Q1)₂(ClO₄)₂] (9), and [Ag₂(Q1)₂(NO₃)₂] (10). Four types of structures have been observed: ML-type in complexes 1–4, in which the anions Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ or I⁻ also participate in the coordination; ML₂⁻ type in complexes 5–7 without direct coordination of the anions BF₄⁻ or ClO₄⁻ and with more (Cu²⁺) or less (Zn²⁺) distorted bis-fac coordinated Q1; M₂L₂-type in complex 8, in which two Br⁻ ions act as bridges between two metal ions; and M₂(μ-L)₂-type in complexes 9 and 10, in which the ligand bridges two anion binding and Ag–Ag bonded ions. Depending on electron configuration and size, different coordination patterns are observed with the bonds from the metal ions to N_pyridyl longer or shorter than those to N_quinoline. Typically Q1 acts as a facially coordinating tridentate chelate ligand except for the compounds 9 and 10 with low-coordinate silver(I). Except for 6 and 8, the complexes exhibit distinct constraining effects against both G(+) and G(-) bacteria. Complexes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 have considerable antifungal activities and complexes 1, 5, 7, and 10 show selective effects to restrain certain botanic bacteria. Electrochemical studies show quasi-reversible reduction behavior for the copper(II) complexes 1, 5 and 6.     

Osmium-carbonyl complexes of naphthylazoimidazoles. Single crystal X-ray structure of [Os(H)(CO)(PPh3)2(α-NaiEt)](PF6) {α-NaiEt = 1-ethyl-2-(naphthyl-α-azo)imidazole}

1-Alkyl-2-(naphthyl-α/β-azo)imidazole (α-NaiR 1; β-NaiR, 2) react with [Os(H)(Cl)(CO)(PPh₃)₃] in THF and synthesise [Os(H)(CO)(PPh₃)₂(α/β-NaiR)](PF₆) (3, 4). The X-ray structure of [Os(H)(CO)(PPh₃)₂(α-NaiEt)](PF₆) (3c) shows a distorted octahedral geometry. Other spectroscopic studies (IR, UV–Vis, NMR) support the stereochemistry of the complexes. Addition of Cl₂ in MeCN to 3 or 4 gives [Os(Cl)(CO)(α/β-NaiR)(PPh₃)₂](PF₆) (5, 6), which were characterized by spectroscopic studies. The redox properties of the complexes show Os(III)/Os(II), Os(IV)/Os(III) and azo reductions.