B(C6 F5)3催化吲哚与苯乙炔的区域选择性加成

使用B（C₆F₅）₃替代稀有金属催化剂,实现了绿色、无毒、温和催化吲哚与苯乙炔的加成反应.对吲哚不同位置带有取代基的底物进行拓展,在室温条件下高产率获得了一系列双吲哚烷烃.对机理的初步探究表明,反应首先从苯乙炔被B（C₆F₅）₃活化开始,而后依次受到两分子吲哚进攻,经马氏加成得到相应产物.根据探究结果,给出了可能的反应机理.     

双功能催化体系制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料

为了制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,将Brookhart型的乙烯齐聚催化剂负载于有机蒙脱土片层间,进一步与丙烯聚合茂金属催化剂进行复配得到双功能催化体系。采用这种双功能催化剂体系通过催化乙烯齐聚得到α-烯烃/蒙脱土的齐聚产物,进一步将丙烯与这种齐聚产物共聚,合成了一系列结构不同的聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。通过气相色谱、X射线衍射(XRD)分析得出蒙脱土负载的铁系催化剂催化乙烯齐聚产物是以C_4~C_(16)为主的α-烯烃,蒙脱土以片层形式分散于齐聚产物的甲苯溶液中。研究了蒙脱土负载的铁系催化剂与共聚催化剂复配催化乙烯齐聚以及丙烯与齐聚产物共聚合的情况。通过XRD、透射电镜、差示量热分析、凝胶渗透色谱分析表征可知,蒙脱土以纳米片层剥离的形式均匀分散于聚丙烯基体中,聚丙烯/复合材料的结晶温度比纯聚丙烯有所下降,所得聚丙烯基体分子量在8.1×10~4~17.1×10~4g/mo L。     

一种新型制备LLDPE的双功能聚合催化体系Ti(OBu-n)4/AlEt3-［Me2SiNtBuInd］ZrCl2/MAO

Kissin和Beach［1,2］首先提出采用双功能催化剂体系制备线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）,即在聚合反应体系中同时存在齐聚和共聚催化剂,在齐聚催化剂的作用下乙烯首先生成齐聚物（α-烯烃）,该齐聚物在共聚催化剂的作用下,于同一反应器中与乙烯共聚生成LLDPE,但由于以往的共聚催化剂性能不佳,共单体插入率不高,聚合物密度控制范围窄等原因,这一很有理论意义和实用价值的研究领域未得到广泛深入研究.     

双功能催化剂体系催化乙烯原位聚合制备长链支化聚乙烯研究

以蒙脱土负载 β 二酮二氯化锆作为乙烯齐聚催化剂与Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl2 复合组成了原位双功能聚合催化体系 ,成功地以乙烯为唯一单体唯一反应釜制备长链支化聚乙烯 ,该催化剂体系具有乙烯共聚活性高 ,聚合物物性可调等优点     

含茂金属的双组分或多组分催化体系的研究与应用

评述了含茂金属的双组分或多组分催化体系的基础研究与应用。大多数含茂金属的双组分或多组分催化体系用于制备宽分子量分布聚烯烃,尤其是宽分布聚乙烯,少数用于制备支化或嵌段聚合物。双组分或多组分催化体系已经成为分子剪裁与材料设计的重要手段之一。     

甲醇一步催化转化制甲缩醛和甲酸甲酯的双功能催化剂

甲醇是重要的基础化工原料,随着全球甲醇产能过剩,将甲醇催化转化为高附加值的甲醇下游化学品具有重要意义,其中甲醇一步催化转化为甲缩醛(DMM)和甲酸甲酯(MF)等高附加值甲醇下游化学品备受人们的关注,而这一过程中的双功能催化剂是关键。本文对近几年来甲醇催化转化一步合成甲缩醛和甲酸甲酯的双功能催化剂体系进行了总结和评述,特别是对贵金属催化体系、金属氧化物催化体系、杂多酸催化体系等双功能催化剂的催化作用和产物分布特点进行了仔细分析,以期对甲醇催化转化一步合成甲缩醛和甲酸甲酯的工艺放大提供一些参考。     

过渡金属参与及催化的C(sp3)—C(sp3)还原自偶联反应

形成C(sp³)—C(sp³)键的偶联反应在有机合成中具有重要意义.其中,过渡金属参与及催化的还原自偶联反应在对称结构分子合成方面具有独特优势.这类反应操作简便,直接利用易得的有机卤化物作为底物,避免了高活性的有机金属试剂的使用.同时,偶联反应的催化剂一般基于廉价金属,因此具有良好的规模化应用前景.近年来发展的基于光氧化还原催化、离子液体及无机纳米材料的反应体系进一步提升了还原偶联反应的效率及选择性.系统介绍了钴、镍、铜、铑、钛等不同金属参与或催化的还原偶联反应,探讨了近年来发展的光介导还原偶联反应体系,并对还原偶联反应在天然分子及高分子合成方面的应用进行详细介绍.     

一种新型制备LLDPE的双功能聚合催化体系Ti（OBu—n）4／AIEt3—[Me2SiN^tBuInd]ZrCI2／MAO

Kissin和Beach^[1,2]首先提出采用双功能催化剂体系制备线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）,即在聚合反应体系中同时存在齐聚和共聚催化剂,在齐聚催化剂的作用下乙烯首先生成齐聚物（α－烯烃）,该齐聚物在共聚催化剂的作用下,于同一反应器中与乙烯共聚生成LLDPE,但由于以往的共聚催化剂性能不佳,共单体插入率不同,聚合物密度控制范围窄等原因,这一很有理论意义和实用价值的研究领域未得到广泛深入研究。     

二烯酸稳定的Pt金属纳米粒子的制备及催化加氢活性

制备了4-(双(4-(4-丁氧基苯乙烯基)苯基)氨基)苯甲酸(简称二烯酸,Dienoic Acid)保护的铂纳米颗粒,通过UV-Vis,TEM,XRD对其进行了表征.以间苯氧基苯甲醛的催化加氢反应为模型研究了其催化性能及影响催化活性的因素.实验结果表明:金属纳米粒子粒径随金属/稳定剂摩尔比的下降而减小,而催化加氢反应活性随金属/稳定剂摩尔比的上升而增加.在常压、40℃、n(醛)/n(催化剂)=523条件下,反应10 h可以获得纯度大于99%的间苯氧基苯甲醇.     

双功能催化剂体系作用下乙烯二聚和共聚合的研究

用乙烯为原料在双功能催化剂体系的作用下通过二聚和共聚合反应，直接合成线性低密度聚乙烯（ＬＬＤＰＥ）．所用二聚反应催化剂为钛酸正丁酯（Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）_４），共聚催化剂为ＴｉＣｌ_４／ＭｇＣｌ_２（ＺＭ－１催化剂）．研究了二聚反应动力学行为及影响双功能催化剂体系动力学过程的一些因素．结果表明利用这两种催化剂组成双功能催化剂体系能够很方便地制得密度范围在０．９０－０．９３，Ｅｔ／１０００Ｃ在１０－４０的ＬＬＤＰＥ．     

MgCl_2负载双金属复合催化剂制备宽分子量分布聚乙烯

聚乙烯的分子量和分子量分布对其熔体的流变性能和产品的力学性能有显著影响．分子量分布的变化,尤其是分子量分布末端部位的变化,都会对材料的注塑行为产生大的影响［１］．为了控制Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ催化剂制备的聚乙烯分子量分布而改善聚合工艺的报道很多［２～４］,工业生产中可利用多步聚合工艺来获得宽分子量分布的聚乙烯［５,６］,但这种方法工艺复杂,成本高．美国ＵＣＣ公司利用复合的ＴｉＶ和ＺｒＶ催化剂在气相法Ｕｎｉｐｏｌ工艺装置上首次成功的合成出了双峰高分子量聚乙烯产品［７,８］,由于采用Ｕｎｉｐｏｌ生产工艺…     

Synthese und Molekülstruktur von [1,3-(Me3Si)2C5H3](Me3SiC5H4)ZrCl2

Synthesis and Molecular Structure of [1,3-(Me₃Si)₂C₅H₃](Me₃SiC₅H₄)ZrCl₂ . The unsymmetrically substituted zirconocene dichloride was prepared by reaction of trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl lithium and 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclopentadienyl lithium with ZrCl₄ · 2 THF. The molecular structure was determined (P2₁/a; a = 1 357.9, b = 1 900.0, c = 1 043.2 pm, β = 105,16°). The Zr? Cl distance are remarkably short.     

Synthesis and reactivity of N-heterocycle-B(C6F5)3 complexes. 4. Competition between pyridine- and pyrrole-type substrates toward B(C6F5)3: structure and dynamics of 7-B(C6F5)3-7-azaindole and [7-Azaindolium]+[HOB(C6F5)3]-

Reaction between 7-azaindole and B(C6F5)3 quantitatively yields 7-(C6F5)3B-7-azaindole (4), in which B(C6F5)3 coordinates to the pyridine nitrogen of 7-azaindole, leaving the pyrrole ring unreacted even in the presence of a second equivalent of B(C6F5)3. Reaction of 7-azaindole with H2O-B(C6F5)3 initially produces [7-azaindolium]+[HOB(C6F5)3]- (5) which slowly converts to 4 releasing a H2O molecule. Pyridine removes the borane from the known complexes (C6F5)3B-pyrrole (1) and (C6F5)3B-indole (2), with formation of free pyrrole or indole, giving the more stable adduct (C6F5)3B-pyridine (3). The competition between pyridine and 7-azaindole for the coordination with B(C6F5)3 again yields 3. The molecular structures of compounds 4 and 5 have been determined both in the solid state and in solution and compared to the structures of other (C6F5)3B-N-heterocycle complexes. Two dynamic processes have been found in compound 4. Their activation parameters (DeltaH = 66 (3) kJ/mol, DeltaS = -18 (10) J/mol K and DeltaH = 76 (5) kJ/mol, DeltaS = -5 (18) J/mol K) are comparable with those of other (C6F5)3B-based adducts. The nature of the intramolecular interactions that result in such energetic barriers is discussed.     

B(C6F5)3- vs Al(C6F5)3-derived metallocenium ion pairs. Structural, thermochemical, and structural dynamic divergences

The thermodynamic and structural characteristics of Al(C6F(5)3-derived vs B(C6F5)3-derived group 4 metallocenium ion pairs are quantified. Reaction of 1.0 equiv of B(C6F5)3 or 1.0 or 2.0 equiv of Al(C6F5)3 with rac-C2H4(eta5-Ind)2Zr(CH3)2 (rac-(EBI)Zr(CH3)2) yields rac-(EBI)Zr(CH3)(+)H3CB(C6)F5)(3)(-) (1a), rac-(EBI)Zr(CH3)+H3CAl(C6F5)(3)(-) (1b), and rac-(EBI)Zr2+[H3CAl(C6F5)3](-)(2) (1c), respectively. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1b indicates the H3CAl(C6F5)(3)(-) anion coordinates to the metal center via a bridging methyl in a manner similar to B(C6F5)3-derived metallocenium ion pairs. However, the Zr-(CH3)(bridging) and Al-(CH3)(bridging) bond lengths of 1b (2.505(4) A and 2.026(4) A, respectively) indicate the methyl group is less completely abstracted in 1b than in typical B(C6F5)3-derived ion pairs. Ion pair formation enthalpies (DeltaH(ipf)) determined by isoperibol solution calorimetry in toluene from the neutral precursors are -21.9(6) kcal mol(-1) (1a), -14.0(15) kcal mol(-1) (1b), and -2.1(1) kcal mol(-1) (1b-->1c), indicating Al(C6F5)3 to have significantly less methide affinity than B(C6F5)3. Analogous experiments with Me2Si(eta5-Me4C5)(t-BuN)Ti(CH3)2 indicate a similar trend. Furthermore, kinetic parameters for ion pair epimerization by cocatalyst exchange (ce) and anion exchange (ae), determined by line-broadening in VT NMR spectra over the range 25-75 degrees C, are DeltaH++(ce) = 22(1) kcal mol(-1), DeltaS++(ce) = 8.2(4) eu, DeltaH++(ae) = 14(2) kcal mol(-1), and DeltaS++(ae) = -15(2) eu for 1a. Line broadening for 1b is not detectable until just below the temperature where decomposition becomes significant ( approximately 75-80 degrees C), but estimation of the activation parameters at 72 degrees C gives DeltaH++(ce) approximately 22 kcal mol(-1)and DeltaH++(ae) approximately 16 kcal mol(-1), consistent with the bridging methide being more strongly bound to the zirconocenium center than in 1a.     

Dihydrogen activation with (t)Bu3P/B(C6F5)3: a chemically competent indirect mechanism via in situ-generated p-(t)Bu2P-C6F4-B(C6F5)2

A chemically competent indirect pathway for the activation of dihydrogen by the nonmetal Lewis acid/Lewis base pair (t)Bu(3)P/B(C(6)F(5))(3) is described. The reaction between (t)Bu(3)P and B(C(6)F(5))(3) produces [(t)Bu(3)PH](+)[FB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) and the known phosphinoborane p-(t)Bu(2)P-C(6)F(4)-B(C(6)F(5))(2) (1-(t)Bu) with elimination of isobutylene. At 1:1 stoichiometry, 1-(t)Bu is produced rapidly in detectable quantities and can act as a catalyst for the formation of [(t)Bu(3)PH](+)[HB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) from (t)Bu(3)P and B(C(6)F(5))(3) in the presence of H(2). The extent to which this indirect path competes with the direct path is explored.     

B(C6F5)3-catalyzed synthesis of benzylic azides

B(C₆F₅)₃ was found to catalyze the reaction between trimethylsilyl azide and benzylic acetates. Secondary and tertiary benzylic acetates were competent substrates in this reaction providing the azide products in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic experiments are consistent with the possible formation of a Lewis acid-base pair between the B(C₆F₅)₃ and trimethylsilyl azide.     

B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed E-Selective Isomerization of Alkenes

Herein, we report the B(C₆F₅)₃-catalyzed E-selective isomerization of alkenes. The transition-metal-free method is applicable across a diverse array of readily accessible substrates, giving access to a broad range of synthetically useful products containing versatile stereodefined internal alkenes. The reaction mechanism was investigated by using synthetic and computational methods.     

Adducts of (C6F5)3B with Selected Nitrogen

The Lewis acid (C₆F₅)₃B was reacted with ICN, NH₂CN, C₃N₃X₃ (X = H, Cl, F). The resulting Lewis acid base adducts ( 1—5 ) were fully characterized by analytic and spectroscopic methods. Additionally, the structures of the adducts 1—4 were determined by single crystal X‐ray analyses. It has been qualitatively shown, that a high field shift of the ¹¹B as well as the ¹⁹F NMR resonances of the o‐F atoms of the C₆F₅‐substituents suggests a longer B—N distance.