Spaces of type and the Hankel convolution

In this paper we introduce new function spaces that are denoted by , -1/2$"> and and that are spaces of type where the Hankel convolution and the Hankel transformation are defined. The spaces will play the same role in the Hankel setting that the spaces play in the theory of Fourier transformation.     

Limitations on the extendibility of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem

Given two locally compact spaces and a continuous map the Banach lattice is naturally a -module. Following the Bourbaki approach to integration we define generalized measures as -linear functionals . The construction of an -space and the concepts of absolute continuity and density still make sense. However we exhibit a counter-example to the natural generalization of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem in this context.

     

Metric properties of the group of area preserving diffeomorphisms

Area preserving diffeomorphisms of the 2-disk which are identity near the boundary form a group which can be equipped, using the -norm on its Lie algebra, with a right invariant metric. With this metric the diameter of is infinite. In this paper we show that contains quasi-isometric embeddings of any finitely generated free group and any finitely generated abelian free group.

     

Serre duality for non-commutative -bundles

Let be a smooth scheme of finite type over a field , let be a locally free -bimodule of rank , and let be the non-commutative symmetric algebra generated by . We construct an internal functor, , on the category of graded right -modules. When has rank 2, we prove that is Gorenstein by computing the right derived functors of . When is a smooth projective variety, we prove a version of Serre Duality for using the right derived functors of .

     

Uniformly bounded limit of fractional homomorphisms

We show that a bounded homomorphism is equivalent to a uniformly bounded family of fractional homomorphisms for any 0$">. We add this characterization to the Widder-Arendt-Kisynski theorem and relate it to -times integrated semigroups.

     

Weak amenability of triangular Banach algebras

Let and be unital Banach algebras, and let be a Banach -module. Then becomes a triangular Banach algebra when equipped with the Banach space norm . A Banach algebra is said to be -weakly amenable if all derivations from into its dual space are inner. In this paper we investigate Arens regularity and -weak amenability of a triangular Banach algebra in relation to that of the algebras , and their action on the module .

     

Spherical classes and the Lambda algebra

Let be Singer's invariant-theoretic model of the dual of the lambda algebra with , where denotes the mod 2 Steenrod algebra. We prove that the inclusion of the Dickson algebra, , into is a chain-level representation of the Lannes-Zarati dual homomorphism

The Lannes-Zarati homomorphisms themselves, , correspond to an associated graded of the Hurewicz map

Based on this result, we discuss some algebraic versions of the classical conjecture on spherical classes, which states that Only Hopf invariant one and Kervaire invariant one classes are detected by the Hurewicz homomorphism. One of these algebraic conjectures predicts that every Dickson element, i.e. element in , of positive degree represents the homology class in for 2$">.

We also show that factors through , where denotes the differential of . Therefore, the problem of determining should be of interest.

     

On the correlations of directions in the Euclidean plane

Let denote the repartition of the -level correlation measure of the finite set of directions , where is the fixed point and is an integer lattice point in the square . We show that the average of the pair correlation repartition over in a fixed disc converges as . More precisely we prove, for every and , the estimate

We also prove that for each individual point , the -level correlation diverges at any point as , and we give an explicit lower bound for the rate of divergence.

     

A filtration of spectra arising from families of subgroups of symmetric groups

Let be a family of subgroups of which is closed under taking subgroups and conjugates. Such a family has a classifying space, , and we showed in an earlier paper that a compatible choice of for each gives a simplicial monoid , which group completes to an infinite loop space. In this paper we define a filtration of the associated spectrum whose filtration quotients, given an extra condition on the families, can be identified in terms of the classifying spaces of the families of subgroups that were chosen. This gives a way to go from group theoretic data about the families to homotopy theoretic information about the associated spectrum. We calculate two examples. The first is related to elementary abelian -groups, and the second gives a new expression for the desuspension of as a suspension spectrum.

     

Primitive Ideals and Automorphisms of Quantum Matrices

Let be a field and q be a nonzero element of that is not a root of unity. We give a criterion for 〈0〉 to be a primitive ideal of the algebra of quantum matrices. Next, we describe all height one primes of ; these two problems are actually interlinked since it turns out that 〈0〉 is a primitive ideal of whenever has only finitely many height one primes. Finally, we compute the automorphism group of in the case where m ≠ n. In order to do this, we first study the action of this group on the prime spectrum of . Then, by using the preferred basis of and PBW bases, we prove that the automorphism group of is isomorphic to the torus when m ≠ n and (m,n) ≠ (1, 3),(3, 1). This research was supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 6th European Community Framework Programme and by Leverhulme Research Interchange Grant F/00158/X.     

LS-category of compact Hausdorff foliations

The transverse (saturated) Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of foliations, introduced by the first author, is an invariant of foliated homotopy type with values in . A foliation with all leaves compact and Hausdorff leaf space is called compact Hausdorff. The transverse saturated category of a compact Hausdorff foliation is always finite.

In this paper we study the transverse category of compact Hausdorff foliations. Our main result provides upper and lower bounds on the transverse category in terms of the geometry of and the Epstein filtration of the exceptional set . The exceptional set is the closed saturated foliated space which is the union of the leaves with non-trivial holonomy. We prove that

We give examples to show that both the upper and lower bounds are realized, so the estimate is sharp. We also construct a family of examples for which the transverse category for a compact Hausdorff foliation can be arbitrarily large, though the category of the leaf spaces is constant.

     

The backward shift on Dirichlet-type spaces

We study the backward shift operator on Hilbert spaces (for ) which are norm equivalent to the Dirichlet-type spaces . Although these operators are unitarily equivalent to the adjoints of the forward shift operator on certain weighted Bergman spaces, our approach is direct and completely independent of the standard Cauchy duality. We employ only the classical Hardy space theory and an elementary formula expressing the inner product on in terms of a weighted superposition of backward shifts.

     

Fundamental groups of moduli and the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group

Let denote the moduli space of Riemann spheres with ordered marked points. In this article we define the group of quasi-special symmetric outer automorphisms of the algebraic fundamental group for all to be the group of outer automorphisms respecting the conjugacy classes of the inertia subgroups of and commuting with the group of outer automorphisms of obtained by permuting the marked points. Our main result states that is isomorphic to the Grothendieck-Teichmüller group for all .

     

All first-order averaging techniques for a posteriori finite element error control on unstructured grids are efficient and reliable

All first-order averaging or gradient-recovery operators for lowest-order finite element methods are shown to allow for an efficient a posteriori error estimation in an isotropic, elliptic model problem in a bounded Lipschitz domain in . Given a piecewise constant discrete flux (that is the gradient of a discrete displacement) as an approximation to the unknown exact flux (that is the gradient of the exact displacement), recent results verify efficiency and reliability of

in the sense that is a lower and upper bound of the flux error up to multiplicative constants and higher-order terms. The averaging space consists of piecewise polynomial and globally continuous finite element functions in components with carefully designed boundary conditions. The minimal value is frequently replaced by some averaging operator applied within a simple post-processing to . The result provides a reliable error bound with .

This paper establishes and so equivalence of and . This implies efficiency of for a large class of patchwise averaging techniques which includes the ZZ-gradient-recovery technique. The bound established for tetrahedral finite elements appears striking in that the shape of the elements does not enter: The equivalence is robust with respect to anisotropic meshes. The main arguments in the proof are Ascoli's lemma, a strengthened Cauchy inequality, and elementary calculations with mass matrices.

     

On the Betti numbers of sign conditions

Let be a real closed field and let and be finite subsets of such that the set has elements, the algebraic set defined by has dimension and the elements of and have degree at most . For each we denote the sum of the -th Betti numbers over the realizations of all sign conditions of on by . We prove that

This generalizes to all the higher Betti numbers the bound on . We also prove, using similar methods, that the sum of the Betti numbers of the intersection of with a closed semi-algebraic set, defined by a quantifier-free Boolean formula without negations with atoms of the form or for , is bounded by

making the bound more precise.

     

Numerical peak points and numerical Šilov boundary for holomorphic functions

In this paper, we characterize the numerical and numerical strong-peak points for when is the complex space or . We also prove that for all is the numerical Šilov boundary for

     

Bounds on differences of adjacent zeros of Bessel functions and iterative relations between consecutive zeros

Bounds for the distance between adjacent zeros of cylinder functions are given; and are such that ; stands for the th positive zero of the cylinder (Bessel) function , , .

These bounds, together with the application of modified (global) Newton methods based on the monotonic functions and , give rise to forward ( ) and backward ( ) iterative relations between consecutive zeros of cylinder functions.

The problem of finding all the positive real zeros of Bessel functions for any real and inside an interval , 0$">, is solved in a simple way.

     

Algebraic isomorphisms and -subspace lattices

The class of -lattices was originally defined in the second author's thesis and subsequently by Longstaff, Nation, and Panaia. A subspace lattice on a Banach space which is also a -lattice is called a -subspace lattice, abbreviated JSL. It is demonstrated that every single element of has rank at most one. It is also shown that has the strong finite rank decomposability property. Let and be subspace lattices that are also JSL's on the Banach spaces and , respectively. The two properties just referred to, when combined, show that every algebraic isomorphism between and preserves rank. Finally we prove that every algebraic isomorphism between and is quasi-spatial.

     

Linear functionals and the duality principle for harmonic functions

Let ${\mathcal H}$ be the class of complex‐valued harmonic functions in the unit disk |z| < 1 and ${\mathcal H}_1$ the set of all functions $f\in {\mathcal H}$ such that f(0) = 0, f_z(0) = 1 and $f_{\overline{z}}(0)=0$. For $V \subset {\mathcal H}_1$, its dual V* is where * denotes the Hadamard product for harmonic functions. The set V is a dual class if V = W* for some $W \subset {\mathcal H}_1.$ In the present paper, the duality principle is extended to ${\mathcal H}_1$ by means of the Hadamard product. Counterparts of the dual classes are introduced and their structural properties studied.