基于粗粒化方法的类超级碳纳米管自由振动研究

超级碳纳米管是在碳纳米管结构基础上，将每一根碳-碳键替换为碳纳米管而形成的新型结构。类超级碳纳米管是超级碳纳米管对应的宏观结构，在保持外观结构的基础上将尺度放大到宏观尺度。本文建立了类超级碳纳米管的粗粒化模型。基于粗粒化方法，研究了类超级碳纳米管的自由振动。分析了内外管半径以及长度对类超级碳纳米管振动行为的影响。与原结构有限元进行对比，结果表明粗粒化方法能有效的计算类超级碳纳米管的振动行为。     

基于粗粒化方法的类超级碳纳米管自由振动研究

超级碳纳米管是在碳纳米管结构基础上,将每一根碳-碳键替换为碳纳米管而形成的新型结构。类超级碳纳米管是超级碳纳米管对应的宏观结构,在保持外观结构的基础上将尺度放大到宏观尺度。本文建立了类超级碳纳米管的粗粒化模型。基于粗粒化方法,研究了类超级碳纳米管的自由振动。分析了内外管半径以及长度对类超级碳纳米管振动行为的影响。与原结构有限元进行对比,结果表明粗粒化方法能有效的计算类超级碳纳米管的振动行为。     

基于严格范德华力作用的多壁碳纳米管磁弹性振动

给出了一种求解在任意两管之间严格范德华力相互作用下多壁碳纳米管磁弹性振动频率的解析方法.研究结果表明,在轴向磁场的作用下,严格范德华力相互作用对多壁碳纳米管最高磁弹性振动频率的影响大于对最低振动频率的影响;严格范德华力作用下多壁碳纳米管的最高磁弹性振动频率要高于经典范德华力作用下多壁碳纳米管的最高磁弹性振动频率;严格范德华力对磁弹性振动频率的影响依赖于碳纳米管层间距的变化和管的层数,且随着多壁碳纳米管层数的增加而趋于一个稳定值.本文的研究结果对于碳纳米管作为基本元件在纳米电子元件中的实际应用具有一定的参考价值.     

Influence of the Geometry of a Piezotransformer Transducer on Its Electric Potential During Electroelastic Vibrations of a Piezoceramic Disk

The resonant radial vibrations of a thin piezoceramic disk with solid electrodes and thickness polarization are considered as an example to study the influence of the geometry of piezotransformer transducers on their electric potentials and the mutual influence of neighboring transducers__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 75–80, February 2005.     

Solution of a Model Boltzmann Equation via Steepest Descent in the 2-Wasserstein Metric

We study a model Boltzmann equation closely related to the BGK equation using a steepest-descent method in the Wasserstein metric, and prove global existence of energy-and momentum-conserving solutions. We also show that the solutions converge to the manifold of local Maxwellians in the large-time limit, and obtain other information on the behavior of the solutions. We show how the Wasserstein metric is natural for this problem because it is adapted to the study of both the free streaming and the collisions.     

Dynamic Systems Analysis and Control Based on a Configuration Manifold Model

This paper presents a configuration manifold model for the analysis of dynamic systems and the development of control algorithms from both geometrical and topological points of view. The fundamental theory of surfaces and differential manifolds endowed with Riemannian metrics is overviewed. The concepts of configuration manifolds (C-manifolds) and their immersions and embeddings are then introduced and applied to dynamic systems modeling. An explicit form of the smooth embedding for a given dynamic system with its C-manifold is derived. In an open serial-chain robotic system, a topological equivalence, i.e. a homeomorphism, is found and shown to be useful for dynamic model reduction. With topology being viewed as the structure of geometry, we discover and prove that the kinematics of a dynamic system determines its topology so that the kinematics is virtually a structure of the system's dynamics. This key point of view is further extended to the development of an adaptive control strategy. A computer simulation study is finally performed to verify the proposed model and adaptive control scheme.     

基于遗传算法和层叠模型的软土流变模型辨识

利用层叠模型编程方便的优点,采用层叠模型来考虑软土的粘弹塑性,研制了基于层叠模型的软土流变计算程序OMFEM;在此基础上,采用遗传算法来全局搜索软土流变参数,将软土流变层叠模型的计算程序OMFEM和遗传算法有机结合,编制了基于遗传算法和层叠模型的软土流变模型的辨识程序GAIOM,并最终实现了对软土流变模型和模型参数的辨识。工程实例证实了采用遗传算法和层叠模型来辨识软土流变模型的有效性。     

Stability and Elastic Properties of the Stress-Free B2 (CsCl-type) Crystal for the Morse Pair Potential Model

Solid-to-solid martensitic phase transformations are responsible for the remarkable behavior of shape memory alloys. There is currently a need for shape memory alloys with improved corrosion, fatigue, and other properties. The development of new accurate models of martensitic phase transformations based on the material’s atomic composition and crystal structure would lead to the ability to computationally discover new improved shape memory alloys. This paper explores the Effective Interaction Potential method for modeling the material behavior of shape memory alloys. In particular, an extensive parameter study of the Morse pair potential model of the stress-free B2 cubic crystal is performed. Results for the stability, potential energy, current unit cell volume, instantaneous bulk modulus, and the two instantaneous cubic shear moduli are presented and discussed. It is found that an Effective Interaction Potential model based on the Morse potential is appropriate for modeling transformations between the B2 cubic structure and the B19 orthorhombic structure, but is not likely to be capable of simulating the B2 cubic to B19′ monoclinic transformation found in the popular shape memory alloy NiTi. In fact, this conclusion may be extended to all types of pair interaction potential models.      

A Direct Method for the Identification of the Permeability Field Based on Flux Assimilation by a Discrete Analog of Darcy's Law

Inverse models to determine the permeability are generally based on existing forward models for the pressure. The permeabilities are adapted in such a way that the calculated pressures match the specified pressures in a number of points. To assimilate a priori knowledge about the flux, we introduce the flux assimilation method, which is based on the vector potential–pressure formulation of Darcy's law. Thanks to an unconventional discretization technique – the edge-based face element method – not only the specified pressures, but also specified information about the flux density can easily be assimilated. A relatively simple, but insightful analytical example illustrates the potential of this method.     

基于软弹流润滑模型的液压格莱圈密封性能分析

基于软弹流理论建立了液压往复格莱圈密封的数值分析模型,该耦合模型包括流体力学、接触力学、变形和热分析.数值求解获得了密封区域的膜厚、流体压力和接触压力分布,以及单个行程的流量和活塞杆表面的摩擦力,揭示了液压往复格莱圈密封的密封机理.通过参数化进一步分析了不同密封表面均方根粗糙度、密封压力和往复速度对密封性能的影响.结果表明:在本研究中,密封区域表现为混合润滑状态,且以微凸体接触摩擦为主;较小的密封表面均方根粗糙度值具有较好的密封性能,增大密封压力会导致泄漏量和摩擦力均增加,而增大往复速度有利于减小泄漏量.     

Measurement of Sediment Retention in a Sandy Tidal Flat Based on Pressure Drop Model

Sediment can either play an important role in subsurface environments as a food source for bacteria or deteriorate the subsurface environments by its retention. Thus, understanding sediment retention is useful for designing the management of subsurface environments. The pressure drop model derived from the Kozeny–Carman model is experimentally verified by the seepage flow in sand beds. It was found that the water head in the sand bed under steady-state flow and variations of the water head corresponding to changes in the boundary water head could be reproduced by the pressure drop model. As the porosity of the sand bed is taken into account in the pressure drop model, the sediment retention can be predicted from variations of the porosity. Experimental results showed that the water head in the sand bed varied due to sediment retention. This ensured that variances in the porosity of the sand bed could be predicted, leading to the investigation onto sediment retention. A method based on the pressure drop model is proposed to measure temporal variations of the water head in a sandy tidal flat and river water head. From field experiments, the temporal variations of the water head in the tidal flat could be predicted when the porosity of the tidal flat was used. Conversely, it is expected that sediment retention in the tidal flat can be predicted based on the variations of the porosity, if the water head in the tidal flat is observed temporally.     

基于连续模型和离散模型的微尺度三维凸台轴承的气体润滑分析

为了考察应用图案化盘片实现超高密度磁存储时磁头/磁盘界面气体润滑设计理论的有效性,本文设计了1种三维凸台轴承构型,分别使用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法（DSMC）和气体分子薄膜润滑理论（MGL）方法进行了模拟计算,考察了相对滑动速度、轴承最小间隙、凸台高度和入射速度方向对气体轴承压力分布的影响.结果表明：对于三维凸台微尺度气体轴承,MGL方法的计算结果依然与DSMC方法的结果相差不大.存在凸台接触,轴承间隙为零的情况下,气体轴承仍然具有一定的承载能力,且压力分布形状随凸台高度的变化表现出与常规非接触式气体轴承不同的规律.     

碳纤维的长度与取向对聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为了制备性能优异的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)基自润滑耐磨材料,本文作者通过挤出、注塑成型制备了碳纤维(CF)填充PEEK/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,研究了CF的含量、长度及其在复合材料中的取向对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了磨痕的微观形貌,并分析了磨损机理. 研究结果表明:复合材料的平均摩擦系数和体积磨损率随CF添加量的增大均呈现先降低后升高的趋势. 当添加的CF质量分数大于10%时,长CF所填充复合材料的平均摩擦系数明显低于短CF填充复合材料. 当固定CF质量分数为10%时,复合材料在不同CF取向方向上的滑动摩擦磨损行为存在较大差异:X向(熔体流动方向)上滑动时,滑动方向与CF取向排列方向一致,平均摩擦系数较低,但体积磨损率较高;在Y滑动方向上(X的垂直方向)滑动时,平均摩擦系数较高,但体积磨损率较低.      

碳滑板电滑动温升及其对滑板磨损影响的试验研究

使用高速载流摩擦磨损试验机,研究了碳滑板与接触线电滑动摩擦时接触压力、相对滑动速度、电流和电弧放电能量变化对碳滑板温升的影响,比较了不同温升时碳滑板的磨损形貌.结果表明:滑板的温升随滑动速度、电流、电弧放电能量的增加而增加,随接触压力的增加而减小.碳滑板的磨损形貌观察显示:碳滑板的温升会显著影响滑板的磨损形貌,随着温升的增加,碳滑板的磨损就越严重.碳滑板的不同温升对应着不同的磨损机制:温升50℃左右时,碳滑板表面以片状剥离的机械磨损为主;温升90℃左右时,碳滑板表面以机械磨损为主,并出现少量的烧蚀区域;温升在180~200℃左右时,碳滑板表面出现大量的烧蚀区域,以电弧烧蚀磨损为主;温升在300℃左右时,碳滑板易出现疲劳裂纹,以电弧烧蚀磨损为主.     

基于小波变换的陀螺漂移建模与实验研究

在基于小波变换陀螺漂移建模方法的基础上对其进行了实验研究,详细阐述了实验的步骤,提出了有关工程问题的解决方法。实验结果表明,基于小波变换的陀螺漂移建模方法的精度高且明显优于传统方法。     

基于凸模型和伪概率分布的不确定性结构响应分析

针对传统凸模型方法分析不确定性结构时仅给出结构响应边界的局限性,论文结合基于体积比的伪概率度量和一次二阶矩提出一种结构响应不确定性量化的新方法.该方法在准确求解不确定性结构响应上下界的同时,给出了结构响应在上下界内的伪概率分布.首先利用椭球凸模型对结构不确定性进行建模,结构响应关于不确定性参数的传播方程将椭球分割成两个区域,则分割区域体积与椭球域总体积之比可作为伪概率来度量结构响应的不确定性;其次,用一次二阶矩法序列求解结构响应不确定性传播方程,有效获取最可能展开点及相应分割区域的近似体积.最后,通过一个典型的六杆桁架结构算例与传统凸模型方法和蒙特卡洛法进行比较,验证了论文方法对不确定性结构响应量化的有效性和优越性.     

LES Study of Turbulent Boundary Layer Over a Smooth and a Rough 2D Hill Model

Large eddy simulation (LES) is carried out to investigate the turbulent boundary-layer flows over a hill-shaped model with a steep or relatively moderate slope at moderately high Reynolds numbers (Re = O(10³)) defined by the hill height and the velocity at the hill height. The study focuses on the effects of surface roughness and curvature. For Sub-grid Scale (SGS) modeling of LES, both the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) and the dynamic mixed model (DMM) are applied. The behavior of the separated shear layer and the vortex motion are affected by the oncoming turbulence, such that the shear layer comes close to the ground surface, or the size of a separation region becomes small because of the earlier instability of the separated shear layer. Appropriate measures are required to generate the inflow turbulence. The methods of Lund et al. (J. Comput. Phys., 140:233–258, 1998) and Nozawa and Tamura (J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 90:1151–1162, 2002; The 4th European and African Conference on Wind Engineering, 1–6, 2005) are employed to simulate the smooth- and rough-wall turbulent boundary layers in order to generate time-sequential data of inflow turbulence. This paper discusses the unsteady phenomena of the wake flows over the smooth and rough 2D hill-shaped obstacles and aims to clarify the roughness effects on the flow patterns and the turbulence statistics distorted by the hill. Numerical validation is conducted by comparing the simulation results with wind tunnel experiment data for the same hill shape at almost the same Re. The applicability of DSM and DMM are discussed, focusing on the recirculation region behind a steep hill.     

一个基于恢复时间的新剪稀模型及其对聚合油PAO 650流变特性的模拟

用球-杆比拟流体层上的分子,通过分析两流体层上球-杆的接触、通过和恢复的过程,基于球-杆恢复到原状态的时间,建立了一个新剪稀模型.该模型虽然在形式上与Carreau模型有相似之处,但其公式仅含有两个流变参数,且是经由严格的理论推导得到的.通过与Carreau模型得到的广义黏度曲线的比较,确定了新流变公式的待定参数.在点接触流变热弹流润滑的数学模型中使用新流变公式,数值模拟了大黏度聚合油PAO 650的流变特性,并与该油在文献中的试验曲线进行了比对.结果表明新流变模型能够较好地模拟大黏度聚合油的流变特性,从而证实了其正确性.进一步,使用新公式计算得到了更多工况下的流变特性曲线,光滑的、合理的曲线分布说明新流变模型具有广泛的适用性.     

A Lumped Parameter Model of a Fibre-Reinforced Composite Plate with Temperature Dependence Based on Thermal Vibration Measurements

Experimental Mechanics - Background: Experimental modelling techniques are still rare for composite structures under complex thermal environments. Objective: In this paper, by taking a...