基于对氨基苯甲酸/硫堇/纳米金共价修饰玻碳电极的葡萄糖生物传感器

实验制备了以对氨基苯甲酸(4-ABA)、硫堇(TH)、纳米金(Au NPs)共价键合葡萄糖氧化酶的新型葡萄糖生物传感器. 主要采用循环伏安法, 以羟基二茂铁作为电子媒介体, 对含葡萄糖和未含葡萄糖的电解液进行了研究. 结果表明: 传感器的响应电流值随葡萄糖氧化酶膜层数的不同而变化. 考虑到酶电极的长期稳定性与构造简单性, 我们制作了两层葡萄糖氧化酶膜的酶电极. 该传感器对1×10^－2 mol/L葡萄糖的响应电流达2.47 μA, 响应时间仅4.7 s. 该生物传感器检测的线性范围为3×10^－5～1×10^－3 mol/L, 最低检测浓度可达5.8×10^－6 mol/L. 该传感器制备简单, 稳定好, 具有一定的使用价值.     

一种基于PVC膜电极的电位式葡萄糖传感器的研制

以三庚基十二烷基碘代季铵盐为电活性物质的PVC膜电极, 对过氧化氢和六价钼的络合物具有良好的电位响应. 将葡萄糖氧化酶固定到PVC膜电极表面, 制备成电位式葡萄糖传感器. 在优化的实验条件下, 该传感器在葡萄糖浓度为2×10^－4～5×10^－3 mol/L范围内有线性响应, 检测下限为5×10^－5 mol/L. 另外该传感器具有较高的稳定性和良好的选择性, 抗坏血酸、尿酸和一些氨基酸未对测定产生干扰.     

刀豆球蛋白层层自组装双酶电极对芳香胺物质的检测

基于生物识别组装方法将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)和葡萄糖氧化酶(Gox)固定在金电极表面制备了HRP/Gox双酶多层膜电极.HRP/Gox双酶电极通过Gox催化氧化葡萄糖"原位"产生过氧化氢的方式分析检测芳香胺物质.探讨了葡萄糖浓度和酶组装层数对双酶电极电流响应的影响.在优化条件下,制备的双酶电极在p-苯二胺的浓度为7.6 ～53.2 μmol/L时有良好的线性响应,灵敏度为146.04 mA·L/mol.常见的干扰物葡萄糖和抗坏血酸对该双酶电极无干扰.     

以天青Ⅰ为介体的纳米金颗粒增强的葡萄糖传感器

采用层层自组装的方法和异种电荷互相吸引的原理,将Nafion修饰在金电极上固载带正电荷的天青Ⅰ,并利用天青Ⅰ中的氨基固载纳米金,再通过纳米金将酶固定在金电极表面,制成了葡萄糖传感器.采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法,研究了金电极表面组装各层之后的电化学特征,以及电极对葡萄糖的电化学催化作用. 结果表明,天青Ⅰ不仅可以固定酶和纳米金,而且还可以在酶和电极之间有效地传递电子.在优化的实验条件下,该传感器对葡萄糖响应的线性范围为5.1×10-6 ~4.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为1.0 μmol/L.该生物传感器显示出较好的稳定性和抗干扰能力,将其用于人体血清中葡萄糖的测定,结果令人满意.     

基于层层静电吸附天青Ⅰ和纳米金固定过氧化物酶生物传感器的研究

在玻碳电极(GCE)上,构造了一种以对氨基苯磺酸电聚合膜(PABSA)为基底,利用层层静电自组装技术固定多层天青Ⅰ(AI)和纳米金(nano-Au)制备的复合薄膜(nano-Au/AI)n,然后通过静电吸附辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)制得过氧化氢生物传感器[HRP/(nano-Au/AI)n/PABSA/GCE].采用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了该传感器的电化学性质,并且研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的催化还原作用.在优化的实验条件下,该传感器的响应电流与其浓度在3.5×10-6～3.6×10-3 mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为1.2×10-6 mol/L.该传感器的米氏常数为1.5 mmol/L,表明所固定的酶具有较高的生物活性.     

基于巯基乙酸与离子液体共修饰的过氧化氢生物传感器的研究

采用静电组装技术,将离子液体[Bmim]PF6与辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)交替固定在巯基乙酸修饰的金电极表面,制备了(HRP/[Bmim]PF6)n多层组装膜,并通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和傅立叶红外反射光谱(ATR-FTIR)对制备的组装膜进行了表征.以对苯二酚为电子媒介体,过氧化氢在(HRP/[Bmim]PF6)2双层组装膜传感器上的线性范围为1.6×10-6 ～2.5×10-3 mol/L,检出限为5.7×10-7 mol/L(S/N=3),达到95%稳态电流用时少于5 s,Kappm值为0.048 mmol/L,表明所固定的酶具有较高的生物活性.     

基于胆碱修饰层为基底的纳米金固定过氧化物酶修饰电极的研究

玻碳电极上共价修饰上单分子层胆碱(Ch)可以显著提高电极的活性。本研究利用该电极上胆碱层带有的正电荷,牢固吸附带负电荷的纳米金溶胶,继而利用纳米金颗粒良好固载辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),制备出了基于HRP酶直接电化学的H2O2传感器。以阻抗谱、循环伏安等方法表征了修饰电极的性质。结果显示,该电化学传感器具有良好的催化活性,电活性HRP的表面浓度(Γ*)为1.2×10-9mol/cm2,米氏常数KMapp=1.55±0.11 mmol/L。该修饰电极在H2O2浓度1.2×10-6~3.2×10-3mol/L范围内有线性响应,检出限(S/N=3)为4.0×10-7mol/L。本修饰电极制备简单,选择性高,稳定性好,可以作为进一步构筑生物传感器的基础。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/硫化镉量子点修饰电极的制备及其对血红蛋白的测定研究

制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)表面修饰的硫化镉(CdS)半导体纳米晶体(量子点), 并将其修饰玻碳电极, 用于血红蛋白(Hemoglobin, Hb)的电化学行为的研究. 实验结果表明, 血红蛋白在该修饰电极上有良好的电流响应, 流动注射分析结果进一步表明该修饰电极具有好的稳定性和重现性. 在1.0×10^－8～2.0×10^－5 mol/L浓度范围内, 血红蛋白的浓度与其响应电流呈良好的线性关系, 线性相关系数为0.9986, 检出限为5.0×10^－9 mol/L. 将该方法用于全血中血红蛋白的测定, 也获得了良好的结果.     

基于辣根过氧化物酶/纳米金/辣根过氧化物酶/多壁纳米碳管修饰的过氧化氢生物传感器的研究

以固定在玻碳电极上的多壁纳米碳管为基底吸附辣根过氧化物酶, 再固定纳米金, 然后再结合一层辣根过氧化物酶, 利用多壁纳米碳管对辣根过氧化物酶的直接电化学催化特性及纳米金对蛋白质的强吸附能力及强的电子传导特性制备了无电子媒介体的过氧化氢生物传感器. 采用循环伏安法, 在无电子媒介体时, 该传感器对H₂O₂ 仍能具有良好的催化活性, 放大了电信号, 提高了该酶传感器的灵敏度及稳定性. 实验证明, 该传感器在H₂O₂浓度为 1.0×10^－6～ 1.0×10^－3 mol•L^－1范围内有线性响应, 线性相关系数r²＝0.9964. 并探讨了电极的稳定性、寿命及重现性.     

基于金纳米棒-壳聚糖复合膜的葡萄糖生物传感器

本文采用金纳米棒-壳聚糖复合膜固定葡萄糖氧化酶构建电流型葡萄糖生物传感器.通过电化学交流阻抗法和循环伏安法对酶膜状态进行了表征,得到了相应的等效电路和动力学参数.实验结果表明,金纳米棒-壳聚糖复合膜可以辅助电子传递,提高电极的电流响应,并使生物传感器的使用温度范围有很大的扩展.此传感器表现出对葡萄糖溶液浓度的优良响应,线性范围在2.78×10^-5mol/L—2.22×10^-3mol/L,响应灵敏度约为7.819μA·cm^-2(mmol/L)^-1,表观米氏常数为10mmol/L.本工作还研究了温度和溶液pH值对电极电流响应的影响.     

Amperometric Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Electrodeposited Sub-micrometer Gold Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

IntroductionAmperometricbiosensorofhydrogenperoxideisofpracticalimportancebecauseofitswideapplicationsinchemical,biological,clinical,environmentalandmanyotherfields.Forimprovementofsensor抯quality,vari-ouskindsofchemicalmodificationmethodshavebeendevelopedforreducingredoxoverpotentialsofH2O2atelectrodesurfaces,increasingthedetectionsensitivity,linearrange,stabilityandlivetime.Ithasbeenshownthattheuseofsub-micrometersizedmetalparticlessuchasPt-blackcansignificantlyimprovethequalityofthebiosens…     

基于壳聚糖-纳米金/纳米普鲁士蓝/L-半胱氨酸修饰的 葡萄糖传感器的研究

在金电极表面修饰一层L-半胱氨酸,再利用静电吸附作用固定纳米普鲁士蓝(nano-PB),然后利用壳聚糖-纳米金复合膜将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定于修饰电极表面,制成新型的葡萄糖传感器.通过交流阻抗技术,循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了电极的电化学特性.在优化的实验条件下,该传感器在葡萄糖浓度为3.0×10-6～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内有线性响应,检测下限为1.6×10-6 mol/L.此外该传感器具有响应快、稳定性好和选择性良好的特点,能有效排除常见干扰物质如抗坏血酸、尿酸等对测定的影响.     

Enzyme biosensor based on the immobilization of HRP on SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/BSA/Au composite nanoparticles

In this work, an enzyme biosensor based on the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on SiO₂/BSA/Au/thionine/nafion-modified gold electrode was fabricated successfully. Firstly, nafion was dropped on the surface of the gold electrode to form a nafion film followed by chemisorption of thionine (Thi) as an electron mediator via the ion-exchange interaction between the Thi and nafion. Subsequently, the SiO₂/BSA/Au composite nanoparticles were assembled onto Thi film through the covalent bounding with the amino groups of Thi. Finally, HRP was immobilized on the SiO₂/BSA/Au composite nanoparticles due to the covalent conjugation to construct an enzyme biosensor. The surface topographies of the SiO₂/BSA/Au composite nanoparticles were investigated by using scanning electronic microscopy. The stepwise self-assemble procedure of the biosensor was further characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The enzyme biosensor showed high sensitivity, good stability and selectivity, a wide linear response to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the range of 8.0 × 10^-6 ∼ 3.72 × 10^-3 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10^-6 mol/L. The Michaelies-Menten constant K_M^app K_M^{app} value was estimated to be 2.3 mM.     

辣根过氧化物酶修饰电极在离子液体[EMIM]BF4中的直接电化学

将壳聚糖(Chi)-辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的复合物修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)表面, 制备了HRP修饰电极(Chi-HRP-MWCNTs/GCE), 并将其用于在亲水性离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([EMIM]BF4)中HRP的直接电化学研究. 紫外可见光谱和红外光谱表明, HRP在复合物内保持了其原始构象. 电化学研究表明, 该修饰电极在[EMIM]BF4中的循环伏安图上出现了一对峰形良好、几乎对称的氧化还原峰, 式量电位为－0.247 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), 说明包埋在Chi-MWCNTs中的HRP与电极之间发生了直接电子传递; HRP在电极表面直接电子转移的速率常数ks为3.12 s－1; 在65 ℃的[EMIM]BF4中HRP仍然保持其活性; HRP修饰电极对过氧化氢的还原具有电催化作用, 其表观米氏常数Km为5.6×10－5 mol&#8226;L－1, 催化电流与过氧化氢浓度在5.0×10－7～5.0×10－5 mol&#8226;L－1范围内呈线性关系, 检出限为2.0×10－7 mol&#8226;L－1. 该研究为非水相生物传感器的构制提供了一种新途径.     

Immobilization of Enzymes on the Nano‐Au Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose

A new enzyme‐based amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide was developed relying on the efficient immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to a nano‐scaled particulate gold (nano‐Au) film modified glassy carbon electrode (GC). The nano‐Au film was obtained by a chitosan film which was first formed on the surface of GC. The high affinity of chitosan for nano‐Au associated with its amino groups resulted in the formation of nano‐Au film on the surface of GC. The film formed served as an intermediator to retain high efficient and stable immobilization of the enzyme. H₂O₂ was detected using hydroquinone as an electron mediator to transfer electrons between the electrode and HRP. The HRP immobilized on nano‐Au film maintained excellent electrocatalytical activity to the reduction of H₂O₂. The experimental parameters such as the operating potential of the working electrode, mediator concentration and pH of background electrolyte were optimized for best analytical performance of amperometry. The linear range of detection for H₂O₂ is from 6.1×10^?6 to 1.8×10^?3 mol L^?1 with a detection limit of 6.1 μmol L^?1 based on signal/noise=3. The proposed HRP enzyme sensor has the features of high sensitivity (0.25 Almol^?1cm^?2), fast response time (t_90%≤10 s) and a long‐term stability (>1 month). As an extension, glucose oxidase (GOD) was chemically bound to HRP‐modified electrode. A GOD/HRP bienzyme‐modified electrode formed in this way can be applied to the determination of glucose with satisfactory performance.     

An H2O2 Biosensor Based on Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase Labeled Nano‐Au in Silica Sol‐Gel/Alginate Composite Film

Abstract

A novel approach to assemble an H₂O₂ amperometric biosensor was introduced. The biosensor was constructed by entrapping horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled nano‐scaled particulate gold (nano‐Au) (HRP‐nano‐Au electrostatic composite) in a new silica sol‐gel/alginate hybrid film using glassy carbon electrode as based electrode. This suggested strategy fully merged the merits of sol‐gel derived inorganic‐organic composite film and the nano‐Au intermediator. The silica sol‐gel/alginate hybrid material can improve the properties of conventional sol‐gel material and effectively prevent cracking of film. The entrapment of HRP in the form of HRP‐nano‐Au can not only factually prevent the leaking of enzyme out of the film but also provide a favorable microenvironment for HRP. With hydroquinone as an electron mediator, the proposed HRP electrode exhibited good catalytic activity for the reduction of H₂O₂. The parameters affecting both the qualities of sol‐gel/alginate hybrid film and the biosensor response were optimized. The biosensor exhibited high sensitivity of 0.40 Al mol^?1 cm^?2 for H₂O₂ over a wide linear range of concentration from 1.22×10^?5 to 1.46×10^?3 mol L^?1, rapid response of <5 s and a detection limit of 0.61×10^?6 mol L^?1. The enzyme electrode has remarkable stability and retained 86% of its initial activity after 45 days of storage in 0.1 mol L^?1 Tris‐HCl buffer solutions at pH 7.     

Mediator-free amperometric determination of glucose based on direct electron transfer between glucose oxidase and an oxidized boron-doped diamond electrode

A mediator-free glucose biosensor, termed a “third-generation biosensor,” was fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) directly onto an oxidized boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The surface of the oxidized BDD electrode possesses carboxyl groups (as shown by Raman spectra) which covalently cross-link with GOD through glutaraldehyde. Glucose was determined in the absence of a mediator used to transfer electrons between the electrode and enzyme. O₂ has no effect on the electron transfer. The effects of experimental variables (applied potential, pH and cross-link time) were investigated in order to optimize the analytical performance of the amperometric detection method. The resulting biosensor exhibited fast amperometric response (less than 5 s) to glucose. The biosensor provided a linear response to glucose over the range 6.67×10⁻⁵ to 2×10⁻³ mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.31×10⁻⁵ mol/L. The lifetime, reproducibility and measurement repeatability were evaluated and satisfactory results were obtained.     

Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on the Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) on the Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly Films of Gold Colloidal Nanoparticles and Toluidine Blue

The precursor film was first formed on the Au electrode surface based on the self‐assembly of L ‐cysteine and the adsorption of gold colloidal nanoparticles (nano‐Au). Layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly films of toluidine blue (TB) and nano‐Au were fabricated by alternately immersing the electrode with precursor film into the solution of toluidine blue and gold colloid. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were adopted to monitor the regular growth of {TB/Au} bilayer films. The successful assembly of {TB/Au}_n films brings a new strategy for electrochemical devices to construct layer‐by‐layer assembly films of nanomaterials and low molecular weight materials. In this article, {TB/Au}_n films were used as model films to fabricate a mediated H₂O₂ biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase, which responded rapidly to H₂O₂ in the linear range from 1.5×10^?7 mol/L to 8.6×10^?3 mol/L with a detection limit of 7.0×10^?8 mol/L. Morphologies of the final assembly films were characterized with scanning probe microscopy (SPM).     

Xanthine Biosensor Based on Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide Modified Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode

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Polyaniline／Prussian Blue Composite Film Electrochemical Biosensors for Cholesterol Detection

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌｉｓａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｂｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ .Ｎｕｍｅｒｏｕｓａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｍａｄｅｔｏｃｒｅａｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ ,ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅ ,ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅａｎｄｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｃｈｏｌｅｓｔｅｒｏｌｓｅｎｓｏｒｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｌａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅｉｎｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｄｉ ａｇｎｏｓｉｓｏｆｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙｈｅａｒｔｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ ,ａｒｔｅｒｉｏｓｃｌｅｒｏｓ…