Scars of discrete rotational bands in hot nuclei

Rotational motion loses its coherence as a function of the nuclear internal excitation energy. The damping process does not proceed in a continuous fashion and scars of discrete rotational bands are found, inbedded in a background of damped rotational states, regardless whether the calculations are carried out using effective or “random” forces. The complexity of the damping mechanism is revealed in the lineshape of the ridges in theγ-γ correlation spectrum.     

Scars of discrete rotational bands in hot nuclei

Rotational motion loses its coherence as a function of the nuclear internal excitation energy. The damping process does not proceed in a continuous fashion and scars of discrete rotational bands are found, inbedded in a background of damped rotational states, regardless whether the calculations are carried out using effective or “random” forces. The complexity of the damping mechanism is revealed in the lineshape of the ridges in the γ-γ correlation spectrum.     

From groups to bands

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From a Life of Physics. By H. A. Bethe, P. A. M. Dirac, W. Heisenberg, E. P. Wigner, O. Klein, L. D. Landau (edited by E. M. Lifshitz). 1989, £4.00, pp. ix + 92. World Scientific, ISBN 9971 50 937 7. Scope: Collected talks. Level: General reader.

Fractal Geometry. Mathematical Foundations and Applications. By Kenneth Falconer. 1990, £19.95, pp. xxii + 228. John Wiley, ISBN 0471 922870. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

Dynamical Systems and Fractals: Computer graphics experiments in Pascal. By Karl-Heinz Becker and Michael Döurfler. 1989, £30.00 (hbk), £10.95 (pbk), pp. xii + 398. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 52136025 0 (hbk), 0521 36910 X (pbk). Scope: Textbook. Level: Elementary.

Inverse Problems of Mathematical Physics. By V. B. Glasko. 1989, £20.50, pp. ix + 97. Adam Hilger, ISBN 088318571 7. Scope: Textbook. Level: Specialist.

Quantum Mechanics: Symmetries. By W. Greiner and B. Müller 1989, DM 78.00 (soft cover), pp. xvi + 368. Springer, ISBN 3 540 19201 8. Scope: Textbook. Level: Advanced undergraduate/postgraduate.

Old and New Forces of Nature. Edited by Antonino Zichichi. 1988, US$79.50, pp. viii + 382. Plenum Press, ISBN 0306 43235 8. Scope: Conference Proceedings. Level: Specialist.

Quantum Theory and Pictures of Reality: Foundations, Interpretations, and New Aspects. Edited by W. Schommers. 1989, DM 98.00, pp. xvii + 336. Springer, ISBN 3 540 50152 5. Scope: Multiauthor Reviews. Level: Specialist.

From Quarks to the Cosmos: Tools of Discovery. Leon M. Lederman and David N. Schramm. 1989, £16.95, pp. 241. W. H. Freeman &; Company, ISBN 0 7167 5052 X. Scope: Text. Level: General reader.

Babbles, Voids and Bumps in Time: The new cosmology. Edited by James Cornell. 1989, £12.95 (hbk), pp. xiii + 190. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 35297 5. Scope: General readership. Level: Undergraduate/VI-Form.

Cosmology and Elementary Particles. Edited by Daniel R. Altschuler and Jose F. Nieves. 1989, £38.00, pp. vii + 370. World Scientific, ISBN 9971 50 654 8. Scope: Multiauthor Reviews. Level: Postgraduate.

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Data in Astronomy. By Carlos Jaschek. 1989, £30.00, pp. 198. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0 521 34094 2. Scope: Textbook. Level: Specialist.

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A novel method to quantize systems of damped motion

A novel method to quantize systems of damped motion is proposed in the frameworks of canonical quantization and path integral quantization. It can be afforded by considering a Lagrangian multiplied by a time-dependent function, which may represent an effective interaction with “environment.”     

New rotational bands in 174Ta

Three new bands in ¹⁷⁴Ta have been identified by using the ¹⁶⁰Gd(¹⁹F,5n) reaction at beam energies of 87 MeV and 96 MeV. Nilsson configurations are assigned to these bands. In the 9/2⁻[514]_p+5/2⁻[512]_n band, the AB neutron crossing occurs at a rotational frequency of 0.30 MeV. This is indicative of the disappearance of the evidence for a reduction in neutron pair correlations. Received: 30 March 1998     

Signature splitting in magnetic rotational bands

Nearly-spherical nuclei in three mass regions have recently been observed to exhibit rotational-like features. We have identified almost 80 such bands; largest number (43) lie in the lead region. Most of these bands are assigned oblate multi-quasiparticle configurations. Their interpretation in terms of ‘magnetic rotation’ does not allow for signature splitting in these bands. We have however found signature splitting as well as signature inversion in many bands. We apply the two-quasiparticle plus rotor model to understand the occurrence of signature splitting vis-a-vis the role of ‘shears mechanism’ in these bands.     

A discrete model of damped acoustic metamaterials

For damped acoustic metamaterials, a discrete model is proposed in the form of a periodic structure with cells of the simplest type. The effective parameters of the model are determined by criteria based on the equality of dispersion of waves. The general properties of the model are studied. An example of one negative type of metamaterials is presented. The model is useful for analyzing wave properties and creating metamaterials with given acoustic properties.     

From solitons to discrete breathers

The excitation of solitons and discrete breathers (pinned or otherwise, also known asintrinsic localized modes, DB/ILM) in a one-dimensional lattice, also denoted as a chain,is considered when both on-site and inter-site vibrations, coupled together, are governedby the empirical Morse interaction. We focus attention on the transformation of the formerinto the latter as the relative strength of the on-site potential to that of theinter-site potential is increased.     

Multi-quasiparticle rotational bands in neutron-rich erbium isotopes

Multi-quasiparticle states and rotational bands in neutron-rich erbium isotopes have been investigated by the configuration-constrained pairing-deformation-frequency self-consistent total-Routhian-surface (TRS) method with particle-number-conserved pairing. Specifically, the recently observed Kn=4-bands in 168,170,172 Er have been found to experience a configuration change in our calculation. Some other multi-quasiparticle states with uncertain configuration assignments have been reinvestigated by calculating their collective rotations. The configuration-constrained TRS calculation can reproduce experimental data consistently.     

Structure of rotational bands in 253No

In-beam gamma-ray and conversion electron spectroscopic studies have been performed on the ²⁵³ No nucleus. A strongly coupled rotational band has been identified and the improved statistics allows an assignment of the band structure as built on the $\ensuremath 9/2^-[734]_{\nu}$ ground state. The results agree with previously known transition energies but disagree with the tentative structural assignments made in earlier work.     

High spin rotational bands in 65Zn

The nucleus ₃₀ ⁶⁵ Zn was studied using the ⁵²Cr(¹⁶O, 2pn)⁶⁵Zn reaction at a beam energy of 65 MeV. The level scheme is extended up to an excitation energy of 10.57 MeV for spin-parity (41/2?) with several newly observed transitions placed in it.     

Evidence for rotational bands in103Nb

The nucleus¹⁰³ Nb ₆₂ has been studied through the ß^? decay of the fission product¹⁰³Zr at LOHENGRIN and JOSEF. The energies of the lowlying levels and the γ transitions indicate rotational bands based on the Nilsson proton configurations [422 5/2⁺] [303 5/2^?] and [301 3/2^?] at 0, 164 and 248 keV, respectively. The measured half-lives of (4.7±0.5) ns and (2.0±0.6) ns of the levels at 164 and 248 keV are consistent with the Nilsson-model estimates including pairing.     

Equations of motion for rotational motion in liquids

The equations of motion corresponding to master equations describing rotational relaxation in liquids are shown to be purely deterministic and, in general, nonlocal in time.     

Theory of rotational Brownian motion

The correlation function for the angular velocity of a Brownian particle suspended in a liquid is analyzed with an account of the viscous aftereffect. The main term in the asymptotic exression for this function is equal to the eddy correlation function for the translational velocity of a liquid found from the Navier-Stokes equations.Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 10, pp. 13–17, October, 1969.In conclusion the author thanks Professor I. Z. Fisher for guidance and for constant interest in his study.     

Band hybridization in rotational motion

The back-bending behaviour of the moment of inertia as a function of the square of the angular velocity, for the ground-, and ß-rotational trajectories in ₆₆¹⁵⁶Dy₉₀, is described in terms of band hybridization.     

From Lagrangian to Brownian motion

We present a Lagrangian describing an idealized liquid interacting with a particle immersed in it. We show that the equation describing the motion of the particle as a functional of the initial conditions of the liquid incorporates noise and friction, which are attributed to specific dynamical processes. The equation is approximated to yield a Langevin equation with parameters depending on the Lagrangian and the temperature of the liquid. The origin of irreversibility and dissipation is discussed.     

Multi-quasiparticle isomers and rotational bands in 178W

The high spin structure of the nucleus ¹⁷⁸W has been studied following the ¹⁷⁰Er(¹³C,5n) reaction. Many previously unidentified rotational bands are seen based on high-K, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-quasiparticle structures, some of which are isomeric. The excitation energies of the multi-quasiparticle bandheads are compared with BCS calculations, including residual interactions. The bands show substantial increases in moments-of-inertia with increasing quasiparticle number. These are examined in terms of pairing blocking. The effect of blocked pairing is also taken into account in the calculation of g-factors, which supports the configuration assignments. The K^π = 25⁺, 8-quasiparticle band forms the yrast line from its bandhead upwards. This bandhead is a 220 ns isomer whose decay is strongly hindered, compared to the decay of the four- and six-quasiparticle structures.