基于遗传算法的建筑结构最优阻尼研究

为了确定建筑结构的最优阻尼,本文采用了具有鲁棒性的临界激励法。使用临界激励法时,频率作用区问较难确定,为此,本文通过模态变换以减少高阶频率的影响,这样可以简化频率作用区间的搜寻。在保证结构抗震效果的前提下,为进一步减少结构总的阻尼增量并使优化算法简单可行,本文引入实代码遗传算法。此外,通过实例分析可知,底部楼层阻尼取较大的值是有利的。     

线性粘滞阻尼耗能框架结构地震反应分析与优化

振动方程阻尼矩阵对于布置了阻尼器框架结构的振型不再具有正交性,传统的振型解耦法已不再适合于该振动方程的求解。本文采用状态方程直接积分法,研究了线性粘滞阻尼耗能框架结构的地震响应,并与SAP2000有限元软件的分析结果进行了对比,两者误差在5%以内;本文也探讨了阻尼器布置方式对框架结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:减震结构布置阻尼器的楼层,其层间位移角减小较显著;但未布置阻尼器的楼层,其层间位移角较大,甚至会出现层间位移角超过传统抗震结构相应值的现象,因此粘滞阻尼器在结构中应连续布置,不宜在结构中间断;当粘滞阻尼器在结构各楼层均匀布置时,结构各楼层最大位移反应相对传统抗震结构降低很多,约为抗震结构的20%~40%,减震效果较显著,但各楼层阻尼系数可根据均匀布置阻尼器的结构层间位移角优化;阻尼系数优化后,结构各楼层层间位移角差别减小,较为均匀。本文最后提出了线性粘滞阻尼耗能结构地震作用的实用计算方法。     

基于框-剪结构协同工作的抗振墙数量优化研究

针对当前抗震墙数量优化中多是定性分析的现状,根据框架-剪力墙结构整体受力特点,采用横向分类方法,将空间框-剪结构分解量化为榀结构形式。基于有限元思想及框剪结构空间协同分析的离散化原理建立了其力学分析模型及剪力墙优化模型,该力学分析模型能较好地反映结构整体工作性能的主要特征及考虑剪力墙剪切变形的影响,动力分析采用振型分解法计算地震作用,以遗传算法作为优化方法确定出了剪力墙的最优数量。计算结果表明该方法具有较高的精度,可为结构的设计提供参考。     

基于D-最优的惯性平台自标定方案设计

惯性平台自标定的标定方案设计目前多是依靠经验人为设计,而没有比较系统的标定方案设计方法,为解决此问题,提出了一种基于D-最优理论的惯性平台自标定方案设计方法。首先分析给出了包含36个待估计参数的平台系统误差模型;然后以陀螺仪和加速度计的输出模型为回归模型,将惯性平台自标定看作一个广义的多元回归问题,以D-最优理论为优化准则,提出了并行设计和串行设计两种标定方案设计思路。将得到的优化方案与传统的十六位置标定方案进行了仿真对比分析,仿真结果表明:优化方案的陀螺仪误差系数、加速度计误差系数和加速度计安装误差系数标定相对误差都在1%以下,与传统十六位置标定方案的标定精度相当;但优化方案的陀螺仪安装误差标定相对误差在5%左右,远远优于传统十六位置标定方案25%的相对误差;而且优化方案的标定位置更少,能够减少标定时间,验证了标定方案设计思路的正确性。     

基于改进遗传算法主动柔性结构压电元件位置优化

基于改进的遗传算法提出了一种解决多压电片布置在柔性结构上以实现振动主动控制的有效方法.本文采用D优化设计准则,即把Fisher信息矩阵行列式最大值作为目标函数的一种优化方法.通过对结构模态振型和动力特性的研究,使用一种简单的方法将所选择的低阶模态振型转化为归一化形式,最后通过结构模态振型可确定压电片最优位置.为了达到更好的振动控制效果,压电片布置在结构模态应变最大位置处.当在结构不同位置上布置压电片时,结构各阶模态振型也将随之发生不同程度的变化.本文建立了ANSYS软件和遗传算法的接口来实现对结构的模态重分析,从而提取各阶模态振型.     

中心刚体-柔性梁系统的最优跟踪控制

对考虑阻尼影响的中心刚体-柔性梁系统的动力特性和主动控制进行研究. 研究 中考虑了3种动力学模型：一次近似耦合模型、一次近似简化模型和线性化模型. 一次近 似模型中同时考虑了柔性梁的轴向变形和横向变形. 若在一次近似耦合模型中忽略轴向变 形的影响，则可得出一次近似简化模型. 线性化模型是对一次近似简化模型的线性化处理. 另外研究中考虑了3种阻尼因素：结构阻尼、风阻、中心刚体轴承处的阻尼. 控制设计采 用最优跟踪控制方法. 给出了从物理测量中提取模态坐标的滤波器方法. 研究结果显 示，一次近似简化模型能够有效地对系统的动力学行为进行描述；阻尼对系统的动力学特 性有着重要影响；当系统大范围运动为低速时，模态滤波器能够较好地提取出控制律所需 的模态坐标，最优跟踪控制方法能够使得系统跟踪所期望的运动轨迹，并且柔性梁的弹性 振动可得到抑制.     

捷联惯导现场最优标定方法研究

针对静基座捷联惯导的初始对准和标定，提出了一种基于虚拟噪声的现场最优标定方法，即两步估计法。同多位置对准方法相比，其特点是结构简单、省时、易于实现，既能保持一定的姿态精度，又能大大降低导航和定位误差，特别适用于短时间、低中精度导航系统。     

考虑扭转耦联效应的附属结构最优位置分析

实际建筑物大多为偏心结构,扭转耦联效应使同层楼板上不同位置处附属结构的动力响应也不相同,通常存在一个平面最优位置.本文建立了主附结构体系的扭转耦联模型,利用复模态理论和模式搜索方法研究了影响附属结构最优位置的几个重要因素,包括地震输入方向、场地类别、主体结构偏心、附属结构质量、频率及阻尼比等,通过数值分析得出了一些有益的结论.     

含饱和作动器的基准建筑物混合控制研究

当作动器所提供的控制力小于所需控制力时会出现控制力饱和现象,这一现象在大型结构的实际控制过程中经常出现,为此,本文根据饱和控制力,采用线性矩阵不等式来设计控制器。考虑作动器饱和时,单纯采用作动器来控制结构在地震作用下的响应往往不足于保护结构,此时需附加阻尼器。最优阻尼的确定需要大量的计算,为了减少计算量,本文借鉴临界激励的概念来简化最优阻尼的选择。最后,以三层非线性基准结构为例来说明本文方法的可行性。     

抗震加固用消能减震结构的弹塑性时程分析研究

对用于抗震加固的消能减震结构进行了弹塑性时程分析研究,主要解决以下几个问题:确定结构的振动模型;质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵的处理;确定结构或构件在反复荷载下的力-位移关系,或恢复力特性;附加阻尼矩阵及附加刚度矩阵;阻尼器的优化布置等.提出了简化优化设计法,针对加固工程,确定控制函数.最后给出了四层混凝土框架加固工程实例分析.     

架空输电线防振锤阻尼特性实验研究

本文利用梁的振动理论对防振锤的阻尼特性进行研究。通过正弦激励下的共振驻留法,分别对不同型号以及同种型号不同锤头质量的防振锤进行振动实验,应用能量平衡原理得到了防振锤的阻尼特性曲线,分析了不同模态响应在阻尼耗能中的贡献。考虑不同类型阻尼对于减振性能的作用,在Lazan阻尼假设的基础上,利用经验公式推导了阻尼系数计算公式。结果表明,钢绞线变形大小直接影响防振锤的阻尼值大小;阻尼对减小共振频率附近的受迫振动幅值作用明显,验证了防振锤的减振性能;同时锤头质量的变化可以影响阻尼曲线的变化。以上结论可为防振锤的防振设计和应用提供参考。     

A NEW STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR HYSTERETIC MR DAMPERS

I. INTRODUCTION Magneto-rheological (MR) ?uid as a smart material possesses fairly good essential characteristics suchas reversible change between liquid and semi-solid in milliseconds with a controllable yield strengthwhen exposed to a magnetic ?eld. A…     

Design and test of a friction damper to reduce engine vibrations on a space launcher

Space launchers are submitted to complex vibration environments and this can impact the payload it is carrying. Ensuring the protection of the payload therefore requires the addition of a secondary system. In this paper, a rapid design method for the dimensioning of a friction damper is developed, based on the equivalent energy dissipation with that of a viscous damper. A friction damper is designed and a prototype is built. The friction damper is first characterised alone and it is then mounted inside a scale model of a launcher last stage. The friction damper is adequately modelled by a spring in series with a friction element. The damper prototype proves to efficiently damp the rocket engine vibrations, and the design method used for dimensioning the friction damper gives a good approximation for the optimal sliding force of the damper.     

滞回摩擦型调谐惯质阻尼器结构隔震研究

本文研究一种新型非线性阻尼器——滞回摩擦型调谐惯质阻尼器(HFTID)在工程结构抗震控制中的应用。HFTID由调谐惯质阻尼器(TID)和滞回弹簧摩擦元件并联组成。首先通过谐波平衡方法推导了HFTID单自由度系统力与位移的传递率。然后对HFTID进行了最佳调谐参数优化,得到HFTID最优参数的近似表达式,比较了HFTID和TID振动控制系统的减振效果。结果表明,HFTID相比TID可以进一步降低振动控制系统的传递率。最后,以一栋多层隔震结构为例,将HFTID与TID的隔震效果进行了对比,结果表明,HFTID相比TID在降低地震响应峰值和均方根值方面具有更大优势,验证了HFTID在降低地震响应方面的有效性和实用性。HFTID在建筑和桥梁结构抗震、车辆悬挂系统和其他机械隔震问题上具有潜在的应用前景。     

Analytical investigation of an SDOF building structure equipped with a friction damper

The purpose of this study is to investigate analytically a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) building structure equipped with a friction damper for assessing its vibration control effect. Friction dampers are installed between stories to reduce inter-story displacements of building structures subjected to external loading. They are in general regarded to generate damping forces characterized by Coulomb damping, of which the directions are opposite to the inter-story velocities of building structures. Hence, the building structure model with friction dampers can be represented by a mass-spring-viscous-Coulomb damping system. The building response reduction as a result of damper installation can be provided by observing the damping ratio rather than the friction force contributed by the dampers. Since a large friction damper force is required to attenuate the response of the building due to strong excitation, friction force ratio is directly related to building response reduction, which is the friction force of the damper versus external force. Therefore, damping and friction force ratios are key parameters, playing a main role in selecting an optimal friction damper, which satisfies target response reduction. This study first identifies an SDOF building structure installed with a friction damper for free vibration with initial conditions. A?closed-form expression of normalized displacement is derived in terms of friction force ratio in the time domain. Peak and valley of displacements are also found and then the time when the structure stops is derived with recursive interval number. This study is extended to identify steady-state vibration of the structure by deriving closed-form solution in case of resonance in terms of friction force ratio. Then, the dissipated energy balance is identified for both free and steady-state vibrations. Finally, equivalent viscous damping ratios are derived by using friction force ratio based on dissipated energy balance equation. The derived equations in terms of viscous damping ratio and friction force ratio can provide insight to design a friction damper for reducing structural displacement under external loadings.     

An analytical approach to optimally design of electrorheological fluid damper for vehicle suspension system

This work develops an analytical approach to optimally design electrorheological (ER) dampers, especially for vehicle suspension system. The optimal design considers both stability and ride comfort of vehicle application. After describing the schematic configuration and operating principle of the ER damper, a quasi-static model is derived on the basis of Bingham rheological laws of ER fluid. Based on the quasi-static model, the optimization problem for the ER damper is built. The optimization problem is to find optimal value of significant geometric dimensions of the ER damper, such as the ER duct length, ER duct radius, ER duct gap and the piston shaft radius, that maximize damping force of the ER damper. The two constrained conditions for the optimization problem are: the damping ratio of the damper in the absence of the electric field is small enough for ride comfort and the buckling condition of the piston shaft is satisfied. From the proposed optimal design, the optimal solution of the ER damper constrained in a specific volume is obtained. In order to evaluate performance of the optimized ER damper, simulation result of a quarter-car suspension system installed with the optimized ER damper is presented and compared with that of the non-optimized ER damper suspension system. Finally, the optimal results of the ER damper constrained in different volumes are obtained and presented in order to figure out the effect of constrained volume on the optimal design of ER damper.     

考虑结点耗能的导管架平台的动力响应分析

为了降低导管架平台的动力响应，可在导管架平台的连接结点之间加入能量耗散材料。本文以将管接点和能量耗散材料理想化为由转动弹簧和转动阻尼器并联组成的等效单元，结合有限元和动力刚度法推导了其刚度、质量和阻尼矩阵。采用复模态分析和虚拟激励法分析了三维导管架平台的动力特性和随机地震响应，讨论了刚度系数和转动阻尼系数对动力特性和减震效果的影响。算例结果表明，适当选择转动阻尼系数可显著增加结构模态阻尼比和降低结构地震响应。此单元可方便地与通用的结构有限元程序配合，对三维平台结构进行动力分析。     

A Frequency-Domain Approach to Optimal Fractional-Order Damping

In this paper, we will consider the single term optimal fractional-order damper for an otherwise undamped oscillator. First, we will find the single term damper that minimizes the time domain integral of the squared step error (2-norm) and the integral of the time-weighted squared error (Hilbert–Schmidt–Hankel norm). Next we will consider a more intuitive frequency domain approach that insures the maximally flat magnitude response. Time and frequency domain plots are given for comparison with the integer-order solutions. Further improvements in performance are shown to be possible using multiple active fractional-order dampers.     

Influences of aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles and parameter studies

The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads：the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system（consequently the contact relations）,the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.