恒星光干涉仪主动镜偏转角的检测

采用激光干涉检测的方法,综合应用计算机控制、数字图像处理等技术对高精密仪器主动镜的偏转角进行了检测.设计了主动镜的光干涉CCD数字图像检测系统,推导出了干涉条纹与主动镜偏转角之间的对应数学关系式,对条纹图像进行了噪音分析和相应的预处理,在干涉条纹细化的基础上对每条干涉条纹采用最小二乘法进行直线拟合,得到条纹间的间距以及条纹的方向角,最终检测出主动镜X轴方向的偏转分辨率为0″.113,最大偏转角为56″.872,Y轴方向的偏转分辨率为0″.112,最大偏转角为49″.835,完成了主动镜偏转角的检测.     

恒星光干涉仪中主动镜的研究

主动镜是恒星光干涉仪中的关键部件之一。介绍了主动镜在干涉仪主动镜系统中的作用和主动镜的结构。给出了用光电法设计的用来测试主动镜动程、分辨率和频率响应特性的两套系统。对所研制的主动镜的性能进行了实测并给出了测试结果。实测结果表明 ,主动镜两个轴上的转角行程和分辨率均方根值完全达到了设计指标。     

一种提高静态傅里叶干涉仪光谱分辨率的方法

为了在不改变静态傅里叶变换干涉具尺寸的前提下提高光谱分辨率,设计了正交斜楔型静态傅里叶变换干涉具,采用两个正交的等效斜楔形成连续的光程差变化.通过推导传统干涉具与正交斜楔型干涉具的光程差函数,设计了采用正交斜楔型干涉具增加有效探测长度,从而提高光谱分辨率的方法.经仿真计算,正交斜楔型干涉具的最大光程差为0.323 4 mm,比传统干涉具的0.080 8 mm大4倍左右,即光谱分辨率提高了4倍.实验证明,由于正交斜楔的探测原理使干涉具边缘的干涉条纹产生畸变,故要对干涉条纹进行边缘切除及滤波,给出了切除大小的计算公式.采用WQF520型光谱仪进行对比实验,检测800 nm的激光,该干涉具误差小于1 nm.该方法可有效地提高静态傅里叶变换干涉具的光谱分辨率.     

一种提高静态傅里叶干涉仪光谱分辨率的方法

为了在不改变静态傅里叶变换干涉具尺寸的前提下提高光谱分辨率,设计了正交斜楔型静态傅里叶变换干涉具,采用两个正交的等效斜楔形成连续的光程差变化.通过推导传统干涉具与正交斜楔型干涉具的光程差函数,设计了采用正交斜楔型干涉具增加有效探测长度,从而提高光谱分辨率的方法.经仿真计算,正交斜楔型干涉具的最大光程差为0.323 4 mm,比传统干涉具的0.080 8 mm大4倍左右,即光谱分辨率提高了4倍.实验证明,由于正交斜楔的探测原理使干涉具边缘的干涉条纹产生畸变,故要对干涉条纹进行边缘切除及滤波,给出了切除大小的计算公式.采用WQF520型光谱仪进行对比实验,检测800 nm的激光,该干涉具误差小于1 nm.该方法可有效地提高静态傅里叶变换干涉具的光谱分辨率.     

无衍射光的干涉实验与理论分析

分析了两束无衍射光的干涉场分布形式和干涉条纹轨迹。将一束单色光入射两小孔产生的两束相干光照射轴锥镜,在轴锥镜后将产生两束无衍射光。根据单束倾斜光入射轴锥镜的无衍射理论,分析出这两束无衍射光产生的干涉场为每束无衍射光的无衍射场的线性叠加。利用零阶贝塞尔函数的零点公式,推导出两束无衍射光的干涉条纹的轨迹为双曲线。计算结果表明,干涉场中两中心的间距与两孔实际的间距和干涉场距轴锥镜的距离成正比。实验结果与理论仿真相一致。     

地平式望远镜消旋K镜的设计

地平式望远镜在进行天体目标跟踪观测时会产生像旋,即视场中的星体会围绕视轴中心旋转,给实时目标识别和基于多帧积累的图像处理算法带来了诸多不便.本文针对地平式望远镜的Coude光路,设计了一种通光口径较大,由三面平面反射镜组成的K镜消旋机构来消除像旋.消旋K镜由三面反射镜组成,通光口径为42mm,第一面反射镜与第三面反射镜的夹角选择为120°,使K镜通光口径较大,能在全光谱波段范围内使用.入射光线绕光轴转动一定的角度,K镜相应的转动入射光线转角的一半,则出射光线不产生旋转.第一面反射镜和第三面反射镜由两面平面镜固定在金属三角架上组成,替代由三棱体磨制的反射镜面,利用自准直平行光管和高准确度转台装配各反射镜,使K镜光轴和回转轴同轴,并采用直流力矩电机直接驱动,使系统具有较快的响应速度.测角元件采用Renishaw圆光栅,细分后的角分辨率为0.072″.     

地平式望远镜消旋K镜的设计

地平式望远镜在进行天体目标跟踪观测时会产生像旋,即视场中的星体会围绕视轴中心旋转,给实时目标识别和基于多帧积累的图像处理算法带来了诸多不便.本文针对地平式望远镜的Coude光路,设计了一种通光口径较大,由三面平面反射镜组成的K镜消旋机构来消除像旋.消旋K镜由三面反射镜组成,通光口径为42 mm,第一面反射镜与第三面反射镜的夹角选择为120°,使K镜通光口径较大,能在全光谱波段范围内使用.入射光线绕光轴转动一定的角度,K镜相应的转动入射光线转角的一半,则出射光线不产生旋转.第一面反射镜和第三面反射镜由两面平面镜固定在金属三角架上组成,替代由三棱体磨制的反射镜面,利用自准直平行光管和高准确度转台装配各反射镜,使K镜光轴和回转轴同轴,并采用直流力矩电机直接驱动,使系统具有较快的响应速度.测角元件采用Renishaw圆光栅,细分后的角分辨率为0.072″.     

衍射现象对高精度偏转器设计的影响

基于波动光学理论,计算了由衍射、球差和色差三者共同作用的电子束斑电流分布,得到了电子束斑的精确信息和电子束曝光机的轴上分辨率。针对某一个具体系统的不同电子束孔径角,以偏转器的位置和相互转角为变量进行了偏转系统的优化设计;综合考虑了电子光学系统的衍射、轴上像差和偏转像差三者与光阑孔径角的不同关系。得到了光柱体的最佳总体性能,保证了电子束曝光机的高分辨率和均匀性。     

锥头弹体攻角贯穿薄钢靶数值模拟

为了研究攻角对锥头弹体贯穿薄钢靶破坏模式和弹体偏转的影响,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了锥头弹体以2°～10°攻角贯穿薄钢靶的模型。先验证了模型及参数的可靠性,在此基础上进行了锥头弹体在不同攻角和初始速度条件下的贯穿数值模拟。结合靶板的破坏与弹体的偏转过程提出了一种四阶段分析模型,并系统地研究了攻角对弹道和弹体偏转角变化规律的影响。结果表明:攻角贯穿薄钢靶失效模式为非对称花瓣形破坏;攻角越大,初始速度越小(大于弹道极限速度),弹道偏转越明显;弹体偏转角变化规律与初始速度范围相关,当初始速度高于1.4倍弹道极限时,弹体偏转角呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势;弹体出靶时刻的角速度随攻角的增大而增大,随着初始速度的增加先反向增大后减小。     

基于傅里叶变换的激光数字散斑测量平板玻璃的楔角

采用基于傅里叶变换的激光数字散斑测量了平板玻璃的微小楔角.通过在光路中借助毛玻璃的散射特性,采用高分辨率CCD直接记录激光散斑图像,对散斑图像进行快速傅里叶变换获得散斑结构的高信噪比的杨氏双缝干涉条纹,分析干涉条纹获得光强分布曲线,采用移动平均法消除光强曲线噪声后计算出干涉条纹间距,从而计算出平板玻璃的微小楔角.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...