中能区反质子与核的非弹性散射

运用多次散射理论的光学势获得反质子的扭曲波.在扭曲波冲量近似下,讨论了中能区反质子与原子核的非弹性散射.考虑了反质子能量从180MeV到1800MeV这一能区¹²C,的2+,3-态微分截面.在这一能区的低能端,(E=180MeV)DWIA能够很好的符合实验,同时,预示了更高能量可能出现的微分截面的理论结果.     

中能区反质子与原子核的弹性散射

运用实验的pN散射振幅和多次散射理论,在冲量近似下考虑反质子能量从180MeV至1800MeV的光学势,发现此能区反质子光学势的虚部强度在130—140MeV附近.用所获得的光学势,计算¹²C,²⁶O,⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb等满壳层核在五个能量下的弹性散射微分截面.看到所用的光学势,在180MeV能很好地符合实验数值.本文还预示了此能区在各个核上的理论结果.     

中能反质子-核的弹性和非弹性散射

利用实验的PN振幅和多重散射理论 ,在冲量近似下 ,入射能量在 1 80～ 1 80 0MeV范围内我们可以得到反质子的光学势。结果发现能量在 1 30～ 1 4 0MeV范围内 ,光学势强度的虚部几乎是个常数。用能量为 1 80MeV的反质子去打击1 2 C ,1 6O ,40 Ca和2 0 8Pb发生弹性散射和用相同能量的反质子去打击1 2 C发生非弹性散射 ,在程函近似下分析这些散射数据。在绝热近似下 ,用反质子光学势讨论一声子级的集体激发。同时预测了用能量为 1 80～1 833MeV的反质子打击1 2 C ,1 6O ,40 Ca ,2 0 8Pb的弹性散射以及同样情况下打击1 2 C的非弹性散射的微分散射截面。     

反质子与核非弹性碰撞中的自旋效应

A(p,p)A*非弹性碰撞过程,若反质子的光学势包含了自旋轨道耦合势,它在碰撞过程中不但能激发正常宇称态,也能激发反常的宇称态,以及非弹性过程的极化度.本文在DWIA框架下导出了微分截面(dσ/dΩ)_f,i,极化度P(θ).并对入射能量为46.8MeV和179.7MeV ¹²C(p,p)¹²C*的2⁺,3^－和1⁺态微分截面、极化度进行严格的分波方法计算.计算与实验符合很好.由于反常宇称态的非弹过程已被测得,表明反质子光学势的自旋效应不容忽视.     

反质子与核的电荷交换反应和非弹性散射

在扭曲波冲量近似下,讨论了反质子与核的电荷交换反应A(p,n)B和非弹性散射A(p,p′)*A.并具体地计算能量为E_p=179.7MeV和46.8MeV下¹²C(p,n)¹²B,¹⁸O(p,n)¹⁸N和¹⁸O(p,p′)¹⁸O的微分截面.用严格的分波法处理扭曲波.非弹性散射的微分截面能符合实验.同时预示了在这些能量下,反质子与核发生电荷交换反应可能出现的微分截面理论结果.     

反质子与原子核的非弹性碰撞

在扭曲波冲量近似的框架下,本文讨论了A(p,p)A非弹性碰撞.并具体地计算了能量为46.8MeV和179.7MeV的¹²C(p,p)¹²C的 2⁺,3^－态微分截面.用严格的分波法处理扭曲波.计算表明,反质子非弹性过程用DWIA是一个好的近似.同时,讨论了束缚态行为的重要性.由于反质子受核的强吸收原因,要求具有准确的核外束缚态波函数.     

反质子与原子核弹性散射的分析

用反质子与核的光学势分析了反质子入射能量为50MeV和180MeV时¹²C,^16,18O,⁴⁰Ca和²⁰⁸Pb核的弹性散射微分截面.讨论了反质子光学势是强吸收型的特点.从寻找最佳符合实验的光学势分析中发现:弥散参数a的可变性很小,且它随核的增大而增大.光学势的实部是一个浅位.光学势在核中的吸收系数趋于零,因此弹性散射主要发生在核的表面.     

镜核间的反质子与核的电荷交换反应

研究镜核之间的反质子与原子核的电荷交换反应. 在扭曲波冲量近似下,用严格的分波法分析反质子能量是179.7MeV和46.8MeV下¹³N(p,n)¹³C和¹⁵O(p,n)¹⁵N可能到达的能态的微分截面. 并指出同位族相似态跃迁与非相似态跃迁的差异.     

较低能区质子与核弹性散射相对论性的研究

在能量低于300MeV的能区中讨论了含有罗仑兹不变性的相对论性光学势.并用严格的分波方法求解含有标量势和矢量势的Dirac方程.对质子在300—65MeV能区中与⁴⁰Ca核作计算并与弹性散射微分截面dσ/dΩ,分析本领A_y(θ)和自旋转动函数Q(θ)的实验结果比较.看到改进了的相对论性光学势与这些实验值符合甚好.     

46.8MeV的 ~(12)C非弹性散射

在Glauber多重散射理论框架下,使用跃迁密度方法和三种N-N湮没势,计算了46·8MeV的反质子在~(12)C上的非弹性散射微分截面.理论曲线与实验数据符合得较好.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.